Question 1

agonist

Accepted Answer

substance that produces effect by 
binding to an appropriate receptor

Question 2

antagonist

Accepted Answer

substance that inhibits 
a specific action by binding with a particular receptor 
instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor.

Question 3

antiserum

Accepted Answer

= serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal, or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms

Question 4

antitoxin

Accepted Answer

specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antbodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy 
animal.

Question 5

bacterin

Accepted Answer

bacterial vaccine

Question 6

chelated

Accepted Answer

bound to and precipitated out of 
solution.

Question 7

contraindication

Accepted Answer

recommendation not to use

Question 8

diffusion

Accepted Answer

= movement of solutes from an area of high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles

Question 9

dosage

Accepted Answer

amount of medication based on units per weight of animal

Question 10

dosage interval

Accepted Answer

time between administrations of a drug

Question 11

dose

Accepted Answer

amount of medication measured

Question 12

drug

Accepted Answer

agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a 
disease

Question 13

efficacy

Accepted Answer

extent to which a drug causes the intended effects; effectiveness.

Question 14

endogenous

Accepted Answer

originating within 
the body.

Question 15

exogenous

Accepted Answer

originating outside 
the body

Question 16

hydrophilic

Accepted Answer

water-loving; ionized 
form

Question 17

hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

excessive level of 
blood potassium

Question 18

hypernatremia

Accepted Answer

excessive level 
of blood sodium.

Question 19

hypertonic solution

Accepted Answer

solution that has more particles than the solution or cell to which it 
is being compared. [The tonicity of solutions usually is compared to blood cells]

Question 20

hypokalemia

Accepted Answer

deficiency of blood 
potassium.

Question 21

hyponatremia

Accepted Answer

deficiency of
blood sodium.

Question 22

hypotonic solution

Accepted Answer

solution that
has fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is
being compared

Question 23

hypovolemia

Accepted Answer

low circulating
blood volume.

Question 24

ionized

Accepted Answer

electrically charged

Question 25

isotonic solution

Accepted Answer

solution that has
equal particles to the solution or cell to which it is being
compared

Question 26

lipophilic

Accepted Answer

fat-loving; nonionized
form

Question 27

monovalent

Accepted Answer

vaccine, antiserum,
or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen
or organism.

Question 28

nonionized

Accepted Answer

not charged electrically

Question 29

osmosis

Accepted Answer

movement of water across a
selectively permeable membrane along its concentration
gradient

Question 30

pharmacodynamics

Accepted Answer

physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of
action.

Question 31

pharmacokinetics

Accepted Answer

movement
of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution,
biotransformation, and elimination.

Question 32

placebo

Accepted Answer

inactive substance that is given
for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control
in experimental setting.

Question 33

polyvalent

Accepted Answer

vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin
that is active against multiple antigens or organisms;
mixed vaccine.

Question 34

prevention or prophylaxis

Accepted Answer

avoidance

Question 35

regimen

Accepted Answer

course of treatment

Question 36

turgor

Accepted Answer

degree of fullness or rigidity caused by
fluid content

Question 37

inhalation

Accepted Answer

vapors and gases taken
in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the
bloodstream through the lungs

Question 38

intra-arterial

Accepted Answer

within the
artery; abbreviated IA

Question 39

intradermal

Accepted Answer

within the skin;
abbreviated ID

Question 40

intramuscular

Accepted Answer

within the
muscle; abbreviated IM.

Question 41

intraocular

Accepted Answer

within the eye.

Question 42

intraosseous

Accepted Answer

within the bone

Question 43

intraperitoneal

Accepted Answer

within
the peritoneal cavity; abbreviated IP.

Question 44

intrathecal

Accepted Answer

within a sheath; injection
of a substance through the spinal cord and into the
subarachnoid space.

Question 45

intratracheal

Accepted Answer

within the trachea

Question 46

intravenous

Accepted Answer

;
abbreviated IV.

Question 47

nebulization

Accepted Answer

process of
making a fine mist; a method of drug administration.

Question 48

nonparenteral

Accepted Answer

administration
via the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 49

oral

Accepted Answer

by mouth; abbreviated PO or p.o. Nothing
orally is abbreviated NPO or n.p.o.

Question 50

parenteral

Accepted Answer

through routes other
than the gastrointestinal tract

Question 51

percutaneous

Accepted Answer

through the
skin.

Question 52

rectal

Accepted Answer

by rectum.

Question 53

subcutaneous

Accepted Answer

under the skin,
or dermal layer; abbreviated SQ, SC, or subq.

Question 54

sublingual

Accepted Answer

under the tongue.

Question 55

transdermal

Accepted Answer

across the skin. Medication
is stored in a patch placed on the skin, and the
medication is absorbed through the skin.

Question 56

centimeter

Accepted Answer

= metric unit of length equal to one one-hundredth of a meter; abbreviated cm [.01 meters]

Question 57

dram

Accepted Answer

= apothecary unit of measure used for prescription vials. One dram equals 1.8 ounce (by weight)and 1 fluid dram equals 4 mL.

Question 58

gram

Accepted Answer

metric base unit of weight equal to 0.035 ounce; abbreviated g.

Question 59

kilogram

Accepted Answer

metric unit of weight that is 1000 grams; 1 kilogram is approximately 2.2 pounds; abbreviated kg

Question 60

liter

Accepted Answer

metric base unit of volume equal to 0.2642 
gallons ; abbreviated L

Question 61

meter

Accepted Answer

metric base unit of length equal to 1.09 
yards; abbreviated m.

Question 62

milligram

Accepted Answer

metric unit of weight equal 
to one one-thousandth of a gram; abbreviated mg

Question 63

milliliter

Accepted Answer

metric unit of volume equal to 0.034 of an ounce or one one-thousandth of a liter; abbreviated mL; equivalent to 1 cubic centimeter

Question 64

millimeter

Accepted Answer

metric unit of length equal to one one-thousandth of a meter; abbreviated mm

terminology ch. 17

ch 17 "Drugs, Diseases, and Dissection " from romich book vet. med. terminology

Question	Answer
agonist	substance that produces effect by binding to an appropriate receptor
antagonist	substance that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor instead of allowing the agonist to bind to the receptor.
antiserum	= serum containing specific antibodies extracted from a hyperimmunized animal, or an animal that has been infected with the microorganisms
antitoxin	specific antiserum aimed at a poison that contains a concentration of antbodies extracted from the serum or plasma of a healthy animal.
bacterin	bacterial vaccine
chelated	bound to and precipitated out of solution.
contraindication	recommendation not to use
diffusion	= movement of solutes from an area of high concentration of particles to one of low concentration of particles
dosage	amount of medication based on units per weight of animal
dosage interval	time between administrations of a drug
dose	amount of medication measured
drug	agent used to diagnose, prevent, or treat a disease
efficacy	extent to which a drug causes the intended effects; effectiveness.
endogenous	originating within the body.
exogenous	originating outside the body
hydrophilic	water-loving; ionized form
hyperkalemia	excessive level of blood potassium
hypernatremia	excessive level of blood sodium.
hypertonic solution	solution that has more particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared. [The tonicity of solutions usually is compared to blood cells]
hypokalemia	deficiency of blood potassium.
hyponatremia	deficiency of blood sodium.
hypotonic solution	solution that has fewer particles than the solution or cell to which it is being compared
hypovolemia	low circulating blood volume.
ionized	electrically charged
isotonic solution	solution that has equal particles to the solution or cell to which it is being compared
lipophilic	fat-loving; nonionized form
monovalent	vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin developed specifically for a single antigen or organism.
nonionized	not charged electrically
osmosis	movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient
pharmacodynamics	physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
pharmacokinetics	movement of drugs or chemicals; consists of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination.
placebo	inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects or substance used as a control in experimental setting.
polyvalent	vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin that is active against multiple antigens or organisms; mixed vaccine.
prevention or prophylaxis	avoidance
regimen	course of treatment
turgor	degree of fullness or rigidity caused by fluid content
inhalation	vapors and gases taken in through the nose and mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs
intra-arterial	within the artery; abbreviated IA
intradermal	within the skin; abbreviated ID
intramuscular	within the muscle; abbreviated IM.
intraocular	within the eye.
intraosseous	within the bone
intraperitoneal	within the peritoneal cavity; abbreviated IP.
intrathecal	within a sheath; injection of a substance through the spinal cord and into the subarachnoid space.
intratracheal	within the trachea
intravenous	; abbreviated IV.
nebulization	process of making a fine mist; a method of drug administration.
nonparenteral	administration via the gastrointestinal tract.
oral	by mouth; abbreviated PO or p.o. Nothing orally is abbreviated NPO or n.p.o.
parenteral	through routes other than the gastrointestinal tract
percutaneous	through the skin.
rectal	by rectum.
subcutaneous	under the skin, or dermal layer; abbreviated SQ, SC, or subq.
sublingual	under the tongue.
transdermal	across the skin. Medication is stored in a patch placed on the skin, and the medication is absorbed through the skin.
centimeter	= metric unit of length equal to one one-hundredth of a meter; abbreviated cm [.01 meters]
dram	= apothecary unit of measure used for prescription vials. One dram equals 1.8 ounce (by weight)and 1 fluid dram equals 4 mL.
gram	metric base unit of weight equal to 0.035 ounce; abbreviated g.
kilogram	metric unit of weight that is 1000 grams; 1 kilogram is approximately 2.2 pounds; abbreviated kg
liter	metric base unit of volume equal to 0.2642 gallons ; abbreviated L
meter	metric base unit of length equal to 1.09 yards; abbreviated m.
milligram	metric unit of weight equal to one one-thousandth of a gram; abbreviated mg
milliliter	metric unit of volume equal to 0.034 of an ounce or one one-thousandth of a liter; abbreviated mL; equivalent to 1 cubic centimeter
millimeter	metric unit of length equal to one one-thousandth of a meter; abbreviated mm
percent	part per 100 parts; represented by %
bid	twice daily (bis in die)
_ c	with
cc	cubic centimeter (same as mL)
gt	drop (gutta); drops is gtt (guttae)
mL	milliliter
NPO/n.p.o	nothing orally (non per os)
_ p	after
PO/p.o	orally (per os)
prn	as needed
q	every
q4h	every 4 hours
q6h	every 6 hours
q8h	every 8 hours
q12h	every 12 hours
q24h	every 24 hours
qd	every day (same as sid)
qh	every hour
qid	four times daily
qn	every night
qod	every other day
_ s	without
sid	once daily (qd or q24h is the preferred abbreviation)
T	tablespoon or tablet
tab	tablet (also abbreviated T)
tid	three times daily (ter in die)

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