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Term | Definition |
---|---|
Mathieu Oifila | Father of Forensic Toxicology |
Alphonse Bertillon | Devised first scientific system of personal identifcation |
Franics Galton | First study of fingerprints |
Leon Lattes | Devised procedure for determining blood groups |
Calvin Goddard | Established comparison microscope for firearms |
Albert S. Osborn | Developed fundamental principal of document examination |
Walter C. McCrone | Used microscopy to examine evidence |
Hans Gross | Wrote first treatises describing application of scientific discipline |
Edmond Locard | Locard Exchange Principal, when person comes in contact with object or person cross transfer material occurs |
PMI | Length of time that has passed since death |
MNI | based on the skeletal (usually) elements present, the absolute MINIMUM number of people represented, |
Algor Mortis | the cooling of the body after death |
Rigor Mortis | stiffening of the muscles after death, passes after 24-36 hours |
Livor Mortis | blood settling to the lowest points of the body, characterized by deep red or purple staining of the skin. |
Putrefaction | advanced decomposition, darkening of skin, foul odor |
Adipocere | in the absence of oxygen, but presence of moisture, decompositional processes turn the fat into a waxy substance |
Mummification | in the absence of moisture, but presence of oxygen, a human body can become naturally mummified |
Skeletonization | the body has been been reduced to just the skeletal material. |
Taphonomy | refers to the processes that have had an effect on the body since death - cultural, natural, etc. |
Identification | Process of determining a substance' physical or chemical identity |
Comparison | Ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin |
Individual Characteristics | Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source |
Class Characteristics | Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never a single source |
IAFIS | Model for forensic database system maintained by FBI |
CODIS | DNA Database allows comparison for DNA |