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Cell Phy
Veterinary Cell Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What regulate animal development? | Genes |
| How many genes does the human have? | ~22,000 |
| What are cells organized by? | By fiber systems |
| What structures surround the genome organized within the nucleus? | Fiber systems |
| What 3 types of filament/tubule systems are present in each cell? | Actin filament, microtubules, and intermediate filament |
| What does redeploying microtubules during mitosis provide? | They provide the scaffold supporting karyokinesis |
| How do we account for the continuity of life from one generation of animals to the next? | Genes |
| What does life depend on? | Life depends on the ability of cells to store, retrieve and translate genetic instructions |
| What must cells and organisms pass onto their offspring? | Hereditary information |
| Where is hereditary information encoded? | Within genes that are in DNA |
| What encode proteins or structural RNA? | Genes |
| What is epigenetics? | The differences that lies even between clones |
| How many genes encode for the protein for size in dogs? | Three |
| What are alleles? | Slightly different sequence versions of each gene that encode phenotype variations within a trait |
| What provided the first evidence for heredity? | Animal breeding |
| Who discovered the principles of heredity? | Mendel |
| Who rediscovered the principle of heredity? | Hugo de Vries |
| Who was the person that coined the term "genetics" to describe biological heredity? | William Bateson |
| Who published Origin of Species? | Darwin |
| What was the name of the clone sheep? | Dolly |
| what does fidelity mean? | Perfect copy |
| What is hybridization? | The hydrogen bonds that occur between the base pairings on the DNA strands |
| DNA strands are...? | Anti-parallel |
| What is transcription? | the transfer from one nucleotide language to another. The process of turning DNA to RNA |
| What is translation? | The process of taking RNA and making proteins |
| How can more protein product be made? | The more transcription of mRNA made, will increase the amount of protein product |
| What is the purpose of mRNA? | To encode proteins |
| What is a catalyst? | A protein that lowers the free energy of a reaction |
| What is an enzyme? | A macromolecule that acts like a catalyst |
| What enzyme is used to synthesizes RNA? | RNA polymerase |
| What exactly does RNA polymerase do? | It reads the template strand of DNA 3->5 and assembles a new complimentary RNA strand 5->3 from ribonucleotides |
| What does the promoter do? | It encodes regulatory signals controlling gene expression |
| What is coordinate control? | the controlling of expression of multiple genes at one time |
| What is polycistronic? | The mRNAs encoding several discrete proteins |
| What is monocistronic? | The mRNAs encoding for one protein |
| What is a cistron? | A complete gene coding sequence |
| What are exons? | Gene sequence encoding protein sequence |
| what are introns? | noncoding interruptions between exons |
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