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NASM CPT: Ch.5 2013
Human Movement Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is biomechanics? | The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these factors. |
| Superior means? | Positioned above a point of reference. |
| Inferior Means? | Positioned below a point of reference. |
| Proximal means? | Positioned nearest the center of the body or point of reference. |
| Distal means? | Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference. |
| Anterior (or Ventral)means? | On the front of the body. |
| Posterior means? | On the back of the body. |
| Medial Means? | Positioned near the middle of the body. |
| Lateral Means? | Positioned toward the outside of the body. |
| contralateral Means? | Positioned on the opposing side of the body. |
| Ipsilateral Means? | Positioned on the same side of the body. |
| The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. | Anatomic Position |
| An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right? | saggital plane |
| A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases. | Flexion |
| A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases. | Extension |
| Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion | Hyperextension |
| An imaginary bisector that divides the body to front and back halves. | frontal |
| A movement in the frontal plane away form the midline of the body is? | Abduction |
| A movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body is? | Adduction |
| An imaginary plane that divides the body into two halves. | Transverse Plane |
| Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body? | Internal Rotation |
| Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body? | External Rotation |
| Depression is a . .. | downward motion |
| Elevation is a . . . . | upward motion |
| What is toward the midline? | Retraction when its the scapula |
| What is move away from the midline? | Scapular Protraction |
| When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed in it leading to no visible change in the muscle length | Isometric |
| The LIFTING phase of lifting a muscle is known as the _________ phase? | Concentric |
| The muscle action known as a negative or deceleration phase is the ______ phase. | Eccentric phase |
| When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. | Isokinetic phase |
| An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object | Force |
| The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length. | Length Tension Relationship |
| Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint! | Force Couple |
| Which levers have a fulcrum in the middle, like a seesaw? | 1st class, i.e. nodding the head |
| Which levers have resistance in the middle, with the fulcrum and effort on either side? | Second Class, like a wheel barrel - full body push-up or calf raise. |
| Which levers have Which levers have the effort placed between the resistance and the fulcrum? | Third class. i.e. most limbs are these. teh forearm. The fulcrum is the elbow, the effort is applied by the biceps, and the load is in the hand such as a dumbbell when performing a biceps curl. |
| What is movement of the bones around the joints? | Rotary Motion |
| What is a force that produces rotation. common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm | Torque |
| What is the response to internal and external environmental stimuli | Motor Behavior |
| What is how the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response. | Motor Control |
| What is integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements? | Motor Learning |
| The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan | Motor Development |
| Groups of muscles that are recruited by central nervous system to provide movement | Muscle Synergies |
| The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements. | Proprioception |
| The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement. | Sensory Motor Integration |
| The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning | Feedback |
| The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the enviornment | Internal Feedback |
| Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal enviornment | External Feedback |
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