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Exotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Animal Welfare Act | Govern the sale, handling, transport, and use of animals; set standards for animals in education, research, and exhibition |
| Institutional Animal Care Use and Committee (IACUC) | Responsible for all aspects of animal use, education, health, and compliance with all laws; review protocols and approve or deny them; insure appropriate sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia are being used. |
| The Guide | Primary reference on animal care and use; detailed info on all aspects of biomedical research facilities |
| Public Health Services | Specific policies on use and care of vertebrate animals in research and education; requires euthanasia be humane if necessary |
| EPA | Administers laws that protect human health and the environment |
| Consumer Product Safety | Enforces regulations contained in teh Federal Hazardous Substances Act |
| Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care | Private nonprofit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in sciene. |
| What is an intrinsic factor? | Coming from within; predetermined |
| What is an extrinsic factor? | Coming from outside the body |
| What are the three "R's" of research? | Reduction, Refinement, Replacement |
| What is allogrooming? | Grooming of each other |
| Why is allogrooming important? | It helps with the bonding experience |
| What type of studies do we commonly use opossums for and why? | Embryonic studies: We can see teh babies in the pouch |
| Whats the difference between swine and a pig? | Size |
| What does "armadillo" mean? | little armored thing |
| What types of studies do we commonly use bats for? | Echolocation and blood flow |
| Best way to restrain a ferret? | Scruff |
| Best way to restrain a guinea pig? | Under front legs and support rear |
| How can we tell the difference between a male and female hamster without looking at the anogenital region? | males are rounder, females are pointed |
| how do we commonly euthanize small rodents? | cardiac stick |
| why is it important to make sure that we are completely cleaning the sipper tubes in guinea pigs cages? | they will junk it up with food preventing them to be able to drink |
| Slobbers is a disease that guinea pigs get, what causes this? | malocclusions of molars |
| what is the test that we run on primates at least 5 times before releasing them from quarantine? | T.B. |
| What is the Harderian gland and what does it do? | extra lacrimal gland that produces red tears in times of illness and stress |
| When a client calls and wants to bring their bird into the clinic, what is the most important thing to tell them. | Bring them in asap. Bird visits are always an emergency |
| When trimming a birds feet, what do we use to make the bleeding stop? | Quick stop |
| When restraining chickens what is the best way to do it? | hold the wings down and against your body like you are holding a football |
| How do gerbils get most of their water | Through their food |
| Where are mongolian gerbils native too? | harsh desert climates |
| Why do we have to make sure that gerbils have secure lids? | they jump and escape |
| why do gerbils need deep bedding? | they burrow to sleep |
| Where is the basilic vein found on the bird? | ventral surface of teh wing |
| which of the following is a protozoan parasite that may be found on a crop wash | trichomonas |
| which site is most commonly used for blood collection in turtles? | jugular vein |
| which is the most common site used for IM injections in snakes? | Cranial epaxial muscles |
| an adult female ferret with a swollen vulva and hair loss most likely has which disorder? | Hyperadrenocorticism |
| Ferrets should be vaccinated against which diseases? | Canine distemper and rabies |
| which mite is most commonly affects the fur of rabbits? | Cheyleitella |
| The main responsibility of a vet tech in the research lab? | prevent disease in animals for which they provide care, and control factors that predispose animals to certain diseases |
| what is part of intrinsic stress? | age, species, gender |
| what is part of extrinsic stress? | temperature, noise, ventilation |
| Describe basic research | advancing fundamental knowledge of physical, chemical, and functional mechanisms of life processes and diseases; usually conducted on computer models or plants |
| describe applied research | Use of knowledge for solving a specific biomedical problems and is often directed toward objectives such as development of new vaccines or surgical procedures |
| describe clinical research | research always conducted on live animals; including humans |
| the purpose of the Animal Welfare Act | to set standards for animals in education, research, and exhibition and to protect animal owners |
| the purpose of IACUC | responsible for all aspects of animal use, education, health and compliance with all laws adn regulations; reviews protocols |
| purpose of the guide | primary reference on animal care and use; detailed info on all aspects of biomedical research |
| purpose of the FDA | enforces a number of laws designed to protect the health and safety of the general public |
| purpose of the USDA | required to enforce the animal welfare act, make sure you keep accurate records and inspections annually |
| purpose of the EPA | administer laws that protect human health adn environment |
| purpose of the public health policy | make specific policies on use and care of vertebrate animals in research and education |
| purpose of the consumer product safety commission | enforces regulations contained in the federal hazardous substances act or any product that can cause injury or harm to humans |
| 3 "R's" of Research | Reduction, refinement, replacement |
| what is the purpose of reduction | the goal of reduction is to use the absolute fewest number of animals that will reach the research goals |
| what is the purpose of refinement | requires that the experimental procedure be chosen that causes the least amount of stress, pain, anxiety, and disturbances of normal life |
| what is the purpose of replacement | research that uses lower forms of life, computer models or other artificial means whenever possible |
| Believes that the government should write laws that express the sentiments of most of the population, and that these laws should be carried to the letter regardless of pressure from groups who believe the laws are unfair | Animal Control Groups |
| Believes that animals were put on this earth for use by human beings; believe animals are our absolute property; they don't conceive pain like we do and it is not a concern | animal exploitation groups |
| believe that people should treat each animal as kindly as possible and that they should be required to do so by law; is mistreated or neglected and believe we have a duty to relieve its suffering | animal welfare groups |
| believe that animals should not be forced to work or produce for our benefit in any way. PETA | animal liberation groups |
| believe that animals are here for use of human beings but that we must be responsible about that use; lab workers, people who eat meat and wear leather, hunting/fishing, and breeders | animal use groups |
| believe that animals have intrinsic rights that should be guaranteed just the way human rights are guaranteed; this includes not being killed, eating, used for sport or reseach | animal rights groups |
| what is the purpose of cage washing rooms? | to wash cages and to keep the animal rooms cleaner and minimize teh spread of disease |
| what is a metabolism cage used for? | catching urine for measurement |
| what animal in research needs the most environmental enrichment? | non human primates |
| gnotobiology is the study of? | an animal with completely known flora and fauna |
| what does axenic mean? | without germs |
| which biosafety level deals with scary stuff like ebola and anthrax? | level 4 |
| what are ischial callosities? | keratin pads on their butts |
| why are primates not commonly used in research? | expensive, difficult to house, injury to workers, carry dangerous zoonotic diseases |
| how long is the quarantine period usually for primates? | 60 days |
| all primates have visible external genitalia except for? | spider monkeys |
| what is the typical weaning age of primates? | 6-8 months |
| do primates have a dietary requirement for vitamin C? | Yes |
| What is the safest type of restraint when dealing with primates? | Chemical |
| Shingellosis is a form of? | gastroenteritis |
| campylobacter is a form of | gastroenteritis |
| salmonella is a form of | gastroenteritis |
| pseudotuberculosis is a form of | upper respiratory |
| What disease takes a year to fully develop and show signs, it is zoonotic and has no cure | Tuberculosis |
| what form of herpes virus causes malignant lymphoma in primates? | herpes simplex-1 |
| which hepatitis is known as the "infectious Hepatitis" | hep A |
| which hepatitis is known as the "serum hepatitis" | Hep B |
| if primates get measles we commonly treat them with what? | steroids, sedatives and antibiotics |
| What is the scientific name for the chinchilla | chinchilla langier |
| chinchillas are commonly used in research fo? | hearing studies |
| in the 1940's and 50's chinchillas were used to develop which vaccine? | cholera |
| the scientific name for the woodchuck is | marmota monax |
| woodchucks are commonly used in research for? | liver studies |
| what is the scientific name of the armadillo? | dasypus novemcinctus |
| what do we research with armadillos? | human leprosy |
| the scientific name for swine/pigs? | sus scrofa |
| pigs are used for ? | wound healing, cardiac studies and surgeries |
| scientific name of goats? | capra hircus |
| scientific name of sheep? | ovis aries |
| scientific name of cows from europe? | bos taurus |
| scientific name of cows from india | bos indicus |
| sheep and goats are commonly used for? | fracture repair, orthopediccs, blood transfusions |
| another name for the zoonotic disease of sheep called "contagious ecthyma" | orf |
| what study are horses commonly used in? | prostate cancer |
| what is the scientific name for the opossum | didelphis virginiana |
| what do we study opossums for? | semi embryonic studies |
| difference between amphibians and reptiles? | amphibians require full water, reptiles require little to no water |
| similarity between amphibians and reptiles | they eat insects and are ectotherms |
| what is another name for turtles? | chelonians |
| why do fish make such great animal models? | because there are over 20,000 species |
| the scientific name for the hamster | mesocricetus auratus |
| the genus and species name for the gerbil | meriones ungulculatus |
| the scientific name for the guinea pig | cavia porcellus |
| the sex of juvenile guinea pigs is determined by? | palpation of the pelvic region |
| lab animal species most likely to experience dystocia? | guinea pigs |
| what zoonotic viral disease of primates produces a mild disease wiith ulcers on the mucous membranes and tongue in its natural host the macaca | herpes b |
| which lab animal hibernates | hamster |
| the gestation period, estrous cycle, and average litter size for hamsters | 16 days, 4-5 days, and 5-9 young |
| the gestation period,estrous cycle and average litter size for gerbils | 24 days, 4-5 days, 4-5 young |
| difference between front and rear feet of a guinea pig | front 4 claws, back 3 claws |
| which animals have a postpartum estrus | hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rats |
| characteristics of ferrets | stink, shiney things, high energy, like socks, poop in corners, |
| what animal are ferrets closely related to | skunks |
| what is Tyzzer's disease caused by? | bacillus piliformis |
| what disease is guinea pigs causes a rough haircoat, lymphadenopathy, +/- enlargement of the spleen and liver? | cavian leukemia |
| what is another name for pododermatitis and how is it caused? | bumble foot, wire cages/feces |
| muscular dystrophy is caused by | Vitamin E deficiency |
| what is an antibiotic toxicity | when antibiotics kills off good bacteria, allowing bad to grow |
| how long do hamsters hibernate and what are the 3 things that cause them to go into hibernation? | 3 days, temp, light, and decreased diet |
| what is another name for proliferative ileitis | wet tail |
| what 2 animals that we learned about so far are resistant to radiation | hamsters and gerbils |
| what animals help the female raise the young? | gerbils and chinchillas |
| Scientific name of Rabbits | Oryctolagus cuniculus |
| Scientific genus of Hares | Lepus |
| Scientific genus of Cotton tail bunny | Sylvilagus |
| normal body temp of bunnies | 101.3-104 deg f. |
| normal heartrate of rabbits | 180-250 |
| normal resp rate of bunnies | 30-60 breaths/min |
| sexual maturity of rabbits? | 22-52 weeks |
| breeding life male of bunnies | 60-72months |
| breeding life female bunnies | 24-36 months |
| Female and male rabbits are called? | Males: bucks Females: Does |
| Baby rabbits are called? | kits |
| what are the second set of upper incisors in rabbits called? | peg or wolf teeth |
| What are rabbit neutrophils called? and why | Heterophils they stain red |
| Can rabbits vomit? why or why not? | No, their esophagus only works one way |
| Explain the reproductive system of a female rabbit? | uterus is duplex with 2 cervixes and 2 cervical orifices. no uterine body, |
| What are rabbits used for in research? | atherosclerosis, antibody production studies, eye irritant testing |
| how do you determine sex of rabbits? | push along genital opening, males testicles are on their stomach. |
| is pseudopregnancy common in rabbits? | yes |
| Behavior characteristics of bunnies | excellent pets, rarely bite, easily trained to use litter box, can become agressive in groups, females will fight, do have hierarchies, nocturnal, squeal, communicate via scent, touch, thumping (signs of danger) |
| Name of hair balls in rabbits | Trichobezoars |
| gestation, estrus and litter size for Rabbits | 30-33 days,??, 4-12 kits |
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tumatoh
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