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Dang Parasites
Ms Lew
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are three differences between Dirfilaria and Dipetalonema? | Difil: Dipet: -is longer -shorter -Tapered Head -blunt head -straight tail -hooked tail |
| What is the Pre-patent period for Dipylidium? | 2-3 weeks/ 14-21 days |
| Pre-patent period for hooks? | 2 weeks/ 14 days |
| Pre-patent period for whips? | 90 days/ 3months/ 12 weeks |
| Pre-patent period for Taenia? | 1-2 months/ 4-8 weeks/ 30-60 days |
| Pre-patent period for rounds? | Dog 1 month (Toxocara canis) Cat 2 months (Toxocara cati) Toxascaris 2.5 months |
| What is the zoonotic tapeworm? | Echinococcus |
| What is the zoonotic roundworm? | Baylisascaris Visceral Larvel Migrans (Toxocara) |
| What is the zoonotic hookworm? | Ancylostoma |
| How many eggs can an adult hookworm lay per day? | 20,000 eggs/day |
| Eggs per roundworm per day? | 200,000 |
| Eggs per whipworm per day? | 2,000 |
| What is the normal intermediate host of Taenia? | Rabbits/Rodents |
| How are roundworms spread? | orally or in-utero (transplacental) |
| How are whipworms spread? | orally |
| What is the transmission or intermediate host of Dipylidium? | Fleas |
| How are hookwroms spread? | orally or in-utero (transmammory)or cutaneous |
| For how long are roundworms in the L3 infective stage? | 2-4 weeks |
| How long are hookworms in the infective stage? | 1 week |
| How long are whipworms in the infective stage? | 2-4 weeks |
| For how long are Taenia and Dipylidum in the infective stage? | They have an indirect life cycle so it depends on the host |
| What kind of life cycle do rounds, hooks, and whips all have? | Direct life cycle |
| What is a direct life cycle? | When the parasite only requires one host to infect inorder to continue on through its life cycle |
| Indirect life cycle? | A parasite requires more than one host to proceed through its life cycle |
| How must an adult tapeworm be killed? | destroy the scolex |
| How would you kill a proglotid? | smash the egg by using two slides and crushing the egg in between |
| Where do tapeworms mature into an adult? | small intestine |
| What is the Phylum of tapeworms? | Platyhelminthes |
| Why do you need a fresh fecal sample? | Some worms like tapeworms can crawl away from feces |
| What is the genis name for whipworm? | Trichuris vulpis |
| Where does the adult whipworm live? | In the colon and cecum |
| How does the whipworm damage the host? | It secrets enzymes that enable it to digest hosts tissues causing damage to the mucosa: they suck blood causing foul-smelling diaherra (Frank blood) |
| How long does it take for whipworm eggs to develop into larvae? | 2-4 weeks |
| How are whipworms able to survive in the environment? | thick outer egg shell |
| Where does the whipwrom encyst before it becomes an adult? | small intestines |
| True or False: Re-infection of whipworm is common | True |
| What are some clinical signs of whipworm? | Cyclic diarrhea with mucus and blood dehydration possilby anemia (signs similar to coccidia) |
| True or False: Whipworm ova are normally very quick to float | False, allow 20 mins for flotation |
| What is the definition of Anthemintics? | An agent destructive to worms |
| How to treat for whipworms? | Use shot-gun dewormers and deworm every 90 days |
| What zoonotic potential do whipworms have? | None |
| What is the genis name for hookworm? | Ancylostoma and the less common Uncinaria |
| Describe the appreance of a hookworm | 1/4 of an inch, reddish brown, anterior end is bent like a hook |
| Where do hookworms live? | in the mucosa of the small intestine (duodenum) |
| How do hookworms affect the host? | They move about biting the wall of the small intestine and cause lesions (blood loss) |
| How long does it take a larve hookworm to develop? | 12-24 hrs |
| What are the four types of clinical signs for hookworms? | Peracute, acute, chronic, secondary |
| What are some clinical signs of hookworms? | moderate to severe aneima, lethargic, diarrhea, low hematocrit, slow crt, pale mucus membranes |
| Why aren't some older animals affected by parasites? | They have built up resistance/immunity |
| What treatment is used for hookworms? | shot-gun anthelmintics, antibiotics, blood transfusion, and fluids |
| 3 phrases describing hookworms | plumbers itch, sandworms, creeping eruptions |
| What are three different genis types of roundworms? | Toxocara canis Toxocara cati Toxascaris leonina |
| What is a common triat of roundworms? | arrowhead and tapered tail |
| What are the four different migration routes of the roundworm? | Tracheal, somatic, in utero, mucosal |
| Where do adult roundworms live? | in the small intestines |
| What kinds of environmental conditions influence the larval growth of roundworms? | heat, humidity, and soil ph |
| How can roundworms be orally ingested? | containated food or water for humans, also manure, fomites, grass |
| How are roundworm ova able to survive traveling through the stomach when ingested? | Their shell is protected from stomach acid |
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