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Vet 1250 Heart
Heart Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define cardio | pertaining to heart |
| Define vascular | pertaining to vessels |
| Define hematology | study of blood |
| capillaries send blood to | the tissues |
| Name the vessels in order | aorta, artery, arteriole, capillary, veinule, vein, vena cava |
| pulmonary circulation is | circulation between heart and lungs |
| systemic circulation is | circulation from heart to body systems |
| What is the mediastinum | the space between the lungs and heart |
| Where is the heart located in cats/dogs | Between 3rd and 6th ribs |
| Where is the heart located in large animals | Between 2nd and 6th ribs |
| Which layer of the heart is the pericardium | The outermost |
| Which layer of the heart is the toughest | outer fiberous |
| What are the two inner serous pericardium | parietal and visceral pericardium |
| There is fluid between what two layers of the heart | parietal and visceral pericardium |
| What are the three layers of the heart in order | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| Base of the heart is at the top or bottom of the organ | top |
| Apex of the heart is at the top or bottom of the organ | bottom |
| What are the auricles of the heart | the ears of the heart (on either side of base) |
| What are the auricles called on the inside of the heart | chambers |
| What is the groove that separates the two ventricles on the outside of the heart | Interventricular sulci |
| What lies in the interventricular sulci | Thick coronary artery and fat |
| What are the 2 upper chambers of the heart | Atria |
| What are the two lower chambers of the heart | ventricles |
| The atria walls are ___ and have ___ | thin, low blood pressure |
| The ventricle walls are ___ and have ___ | thick, high blood pressure |
| Arteries have ___ walls | Thick |
| Veins have ___ walls | thin |
| Which chamber of the heart is the thickest | left ventricle |
| The largest vein | Vena cava |
| The largest artery | aorta |
| Arteries carry blood ___ | away |
| Veins carry blood ___ | toward |
| Pulmonary artery carries ___ from the heart to the lungs | CO2 blood |
| Pulmonary veins carry ___ from the lungs to the heart | O2 |
| What is the function of the valves | to prevent backflow |
| The right AV valve is also known as | tricuspid |
| The left AV valve is also known as | bicuspid |
| The bicuspid is also called | the mitral valve |
| The pulmonary and aortic valves are also known as | semilunar valves |
| What does the interventricular septum do | separates the two ventricles |
| What are the strings that connect the valves to the heart muscle | chordae tendonae |
| What connects the chordae tendonae to the interventricular septum | papillary muscle |
| Name the three layers of the blood vessel wall | tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima |
| Which is the most important layer of the blood vessel walls | tunica media |
| ___ branch off of subclavian arteries | cartoid arteries |
| ___ branch off aorta toward thorassic limbs | subclavian arteries |
| where does the aorta split | at the hind limbs |
| The aorta splits at the hind limbs and forms | illiac arteries |
| In systole the heart ___ | contracts |
| In diastole the heart ___ | relaxes |
| Stroke volume x heart rate is | cardiac output |
| Normal heart rate for cats | 140-220 |
| Normal heart rate for dogs | 60-120 |
| Normal heart rate for horse | 25-50 |
| In systole which vales close | AV valves |
| In diastole which valves close | semilunar valves |
| Specialized area of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses to trigger beating of heart | SA node |
| The pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| cations pumped out of cell, sodium potassium pump creates imbalance. Sodium moves out, potassium moves in | polarization |
| gates in cell wall open and cations flow back into cell to cause electrical current. Sodium comes in, potassium goes out | depolarization |
| Repolarization | SA node does this automatically |
| Uninque blood route through the liver. Assists with hemostasis of blood glucose | Hepatic portal circulation |
| Blood enters through umbilical vein, through liver, to ductus veinosus | fetal blood circulation |
| Allows blood to skip the lungs and go to aorta directly | ductus arteriosus |
| opening between the right and left atrium | foramen ovale |
| Lub- the long sound is made when __ | AV valves close |
| Dub- the short sound is made when __ | semilunar valves close |
| The sympathetic nervous system releases | epinephrine |
| The parasympathetic nervous system releases | acetylcholine |
| The sympathetic nervous system causes | fight or flight |
| PQRST | electrical potential |
| QRS | action potential |
| P wave | atrial depolarization |
| QRS wave | ventricular depolarization |
| T wave | repolarization of ventricles |
| What is the difference between action nerve potential and cardiac potential | Heart has calcium, nerve does not |
Created by:
Originalluff
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