Arkansas Agricultural Mechanics
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| Agricultural mechanics | a broad area of knowledge and skills related to performing construction, operation, maintenance, and repair of machinery, equipment, and structures used in agricultural/horticultural work
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| Agricultural power | the use of engines, animals, and other sources of energy to operate equipment used in agriculture
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| Agricultural structures | those buildings, ponds, greenhouses, and other facilities designed specifically for agricultural use
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| Agricultural technology | the application of science and inventions in agricultural work; the use of science to develop new ways of doing things
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| Combustion | the production of heat and/or light through a chemical process; burning
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| Decibel (dB) | a unit of sound measurement
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| Extinguish | to put out a fire by cooling, smothering, or removing fuel
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| Fire triangle | a three dimensional representation of requirements for fire to occur: fuel, heat, and oxygen
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| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | equipment that protects people from injury, including safety glasses, goggles, ear plugs or muffs, respirators, clothing, shoes or boots, and gloves
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| Safety | preventing loss or injury
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| Alternating Current (AC) | current that reverses its direction 60 times per second
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| Arc welding | using an electric arc to fuse metal
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| Bead | mix of base metal and filler rod that remains after welding
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| Direct Current (DC) | current that flows in one direction continuously
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| Electrode | a section of flux-coated wire used in welding
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| Flux | a substance used to remove the oxide on metal that is to be soldered or welded
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| Fusion | the union or blending of molten metal to form a strong bond
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| Penetration | distance in a weld from the original surface of the base metal to that depth or point at which fusion ceases
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| Slag | the product formed when buring steel combines with oxygen
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| Weld | joining two or more times by fusion
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| Welding helmet | a protective device worn on the head while arc welding to protect the eyes, skin, and other exposed parts from injury
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| Welding position | the location of a weld relative to the location of the welding equipment, such as flat, vertical, horizontal, or overhead
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| Bleeding the lines | removing gas pressure from all lines and equipment, as with oxyacetylene welding systems
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| Brazing | the process of joining metal with a filler rod that melts at a temperature below the metal being joined
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| Carbonizing flame | a flame with excess acetylene; adjustment is needed to achieve a neutral flame
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| Cutting tip | a special tip used in cutting metal with gas systems such as oxyacetylene
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| Filler rod | a long, thin metal rod used in welding to add to or fill joins when welding or brazing
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| Flammable | the quality of a substance that is capable of burning
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| Fusion | the process of joining by melting
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| Gauge | a device used to measure certain substances such as pressure in an oxyacetylene welding/cutting system
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| Neutral flame | an oxyacetylene flame with a balance of oxygen and acetylene
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| Oxidizing flame | an oxyacetylene flame with an excess of oxygen; adjustment is needed to achieve a neutral flame
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| Regulator | a device that controls the flow amount of a liquid or gas; with oxyacetylene welding systems, regulators control the flow of oxygen and acetylene
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| Tip | the part of a welding or cutting torch with holes to release fuel for combustion
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| Tip cleaner | small, round rod-like devices that remove dirt from the holes in welding and cutting torch tips
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| Torch | the assembly in an oxyacetylene system that mixes oxygen and acetylene to provide the desired flame
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| Valve | a device that controls the flow of gas in an oxyacetylene system
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| Die | a device or instrument used to cut threads on a rod or bolt
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| Rivet | a short rod-like fastening device made of soft metal that can be readily spread on each end
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| Solder | a mixture of tin and lead
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| Soldering | bonding metals and alloys that melt at temperatures below 840° F
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| Sweating | the process of soldering a piece of copper pipe into a fitting
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| Tap | a hardened and brittle fluted tool used to cut threads inside of metal
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| Tinning | the process of bonding filler material to a base metal
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| Four cycle engine | an engine with four strokes per cycle
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| Internal combustion engine | a device that converts the energy in fuel into rotating power
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| Stroke | the movement of a piston from top to bottom or from bottom to top
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| Top Dead Center (TDC) | position of the piston at its highest point
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| Two-stroke cycle engine | an engine with two strokes per cycle
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| Architect scale | a specialized ruler used in making or measuring reduced scale drawings; it is marked with a range of calibrated scales or ratios
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| Border line | heavy black line drawn close to the outer edge of paper used for drawing plans
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| Drawing | a likeness of an object, individual, or other subject made with a pencil, pen, or other instrument
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| Pictorial drawing | kinds of drawings that show an object in three dimensions; common types are isometric, oblique, and perspective
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| Scale | an instrument with all increments shortened in a consistent proportion
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| Sketch | a rough drawing of an idea, object, or procedure
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| Title block | the section of a drawing reserved for information about the drawing in general
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| Triangle | a drafting instrument shaped as a thin flat right-angled triangle with two other angles of 45° or other angles of 30° and 60°, respectively
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| Cold chisel | a hand tool made of hardened steel for cutting metal by striking with a hammer
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| Mushroomed | a spread or pushed over condition caused by being struck repeatedly
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| Temper | to heat a piece of tool sheet followed by controlled cooling so as to control the degree of hardness
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| Whet | to sharpen by rubbing on a stone
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| Fitting | a part used to connect pieces of pipe or to connect other objects to pipe
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| Flaring | the process of enlarging the opening of tubing in a bell shape
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| Pipe | rigid tube-like material often used in plumbing
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| PVC | a type of plastic pipe and fittings made of polyvinyl chloride
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| Reaming | the process of removing the bur from the inside end of steel pipe after it has been cut
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| Tubing | flexible pipe often made of copper or plastics
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| Valve | a device that controls the flow of water, gas, or other substance
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| Crosscut | the process of cutting across the grain of wood
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| Grain | lines in lumber resulting from the annual growth rings of the tree from which the lumber was manufactured
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| Hardwood | wood with smaller grain that is denser and more difficult to cut; e.g., oak and maple
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| Kerf | the cutaway opening made when sawing or otherwise cutting materials
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| Lumber | wood products made by sawing logs
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| Plywood | wood products made by glueing thin sheets of wood together in layers
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| Softwood | wood with larger grain that is less dense and easier to cut; e.g., pine and fir
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| Ampere | a measure of the rate of flow of a current in a conductor
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| Circuit | an electrical source and wires connected to an electrical device
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| Circuit breaker | a switch that trips and breaks the circuit when more than a specified amount of current passes through it
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| Conductor | any material that will permit an electron to move through it
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| Conduit | protective tube with individual insulated wires running through it
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| Electricity | form of energy that can produce light, heat, magnetism, and chemical changes
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| Grounding | the process of making an electrical connection between a circuit, electricity-using device, or other electricity source to the earth toreduce the chance of shock and damage
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| Insulator | material that provides great resistance to the flow of electricity
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| Kilowatt hour | the use of 1000 watts per hour
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| National Electrical Code® | a standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment
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| Ohm | a measure of the resistance of a material to the flow of an electrical current
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| Resistance | any tendancy of a material to prevent electrical flow
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| Short circuit | a condition that occurs when electricity flows back to its source to rapidly and trips fuses, burns wires, and drains batteries
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| Volt | a measure of electrical pressure
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| Voltage drop | loss of voltage as electricity travels through a wire
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| Watt | a measure of energy available or work that can be done using one ampere at one volt
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| Aggregate | sand and gravel that comprise the bulk of concrete
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| Concrete | an artificial stone-like material formed by combining aggregate, Portland cement, and water
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| Cubic yard | a standard measure of concrete equal to 27 cubic feet
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| Curing | proper drying of concrete to assure maximum strength
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| Floating | smoothing the surface of newly placed concrete
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| Form | a frame or mold that holds newly placed concrete until it has been set
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| Masonry unit | anything constructed of brick, stone, tile, or concrete units held in place with Portland cement
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| Mortar | a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), mortar cement, and water that is used as bonding material in masonry work
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| Portland cement | dry powder made by burning limestone and clay followed by grinding and mixing; used to make concrete
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| Reinforced concrete | material placed in new concrete to increase strength; steel rods and wire are placed in forms before the concrete is placed while other reinforcement material (such as fiberglass) is added as the concrete is being mixed
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| Screeding | striking off exess concrete to create a smooth and level surface
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| Trowel | a hand tool used in concrete and masonry work
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| Workable mix | the consistency of wet concrete when the various ingredients are mixed together correctly
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| Back Sight (BS) | a rod reading taken on a point of known elevation
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| Benchmark (BM) | a permanent point of known or assumed elevation from which a survey started
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| Chain | a unit of measurement which equals 66 feet
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| Contour line | a line connecting points on the land surface which have the same elevation
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| Differential leveling | the process of determining the releative elevations of various points; determining elevation differences between points
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| Foresight | a rod reading taking place on a point of unknown elevation
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| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a satellite-based navigation system
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| Height of instrument | the elevation of the level line of sight of the crosshairs in the instrument with respect to the benchmark
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| Turning point | a temporary point for a transit while doing differential leveling
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