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Soc Ch. 1

Study guide for Undergrad Sociology Exam 1

TermDefinition
August Comte Positivism
Karl Marx Class Conflict
Emile Durkheim Social Facts (responses) - Suicide Rates - Solidarity
Max Weber Social Action
W.E.B. DuBois Color Line
Jane Adams Sympathetic Knowledge
C Wright Mills Sociological Imagination - Troubles and Issues
Cultural Relativism Meanings, expectations, ect. vary by culture
Globalization people world-wide work together
Sociology Study of social forces that affect human behavior and thought
Social Forces Globalization Class divisions Technology Symbolic meaning Institutions
Social Fact (Durkheim) Collectively imposed ways of thinking that exist outside consciousness of the individual
Responses Egoistic Altruistic Anomic Fatalistic
Egoistic Weakly attached to group (self-motivated)
Altruistic Strongly attached to group (self-sacrificing)
Anomic Loss of attachment to group due to outside force
Fatalistic Feels no hope of change
Social Imagination (Mills) Perspective that allows consideration of how outside forces shape life stories or biographies
Biography all events and day-to-day interactions from birth to death
Trouble Problems of the individual
Issues Social problems or forces that affect large segment of population
Mechanization Replacing human and animal muscle or skill with new sources of power
Positivism (Comte) Belief that can find valid knowledge of world by scientific method
Stages of Understanding 1. Theocratic 2. Metaphysical 3. Positive
Theocratic Explanation of world via personal deities
Metaphysical Explanation by impersonal abstract explanation (philosophy)
Positive Explanation by reason, rationality and scientific method
Conflict (Marx) Interactions are based on Class Conflict
Solidarity (Durkheim) System of social ties that connect people to one another and the wider society
Mechanical Solidarity Uniform thinking and behavior, similar life ways and common experiences, views and beliefs
Organic Solidarity Each part of society serves a special function
Social Action (Weber) Actions people take in response to outside forces
Traditional action Because it was done in the past
Affectional action In response to emotion
Value-rational action Goal pursued because of awareness that it is valued beyond achieving a desired outcome
Instrumental-rational action Goal is pursued at any cost, regardless of consequences to values
The Color Line (DuBois) Barrier of laws and customs that separate white for non-white in roles in division of labor
Sympathetic Knowledge (Adams) Firsthand knowledge gained by living and working among the study population
Sociological Theory Framework for thinking about how societies are organized or how people relate to one another
Macro-sociology Large scale conditions like globalization, industrialization or urbanization
Micro-sociology Small scale interpersonal processes (Socal relationships)
Functionalism Each part serves a purpose in society
Function Contribution the part makes
Manifest Function Part's anticipated, recognized or intended effect on the whole
Latent Function Part's unintended, unanticipated or unrecognized effect on the whole
Dysfunction Manifest or latent disruptions a new part might cause
Ideologies Group's justification of the way things are
Symbolic Interaction How does interpersonal interaction work and how is it formed
Steps of Symbolic Interaction 1. Self Awareness 2. Shared Symbols 3. Negotiated Order
Self Awareness See ourselves as other see us
Negotiated Order expectations of status and behavior
Created by: kristin_leann
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