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VET 2505 Pract W
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| evaluates the male's breeding capability | breeding soundness exam |
| what should you ask to obtain a good history? | libido, recognizing females in heat, dominance issues, how many females is he turned out with, structural soundness |
| physical exam for breeding soundness should include? | ID, BCS, TPR, Physical soundness, external sheath, teeth, testes, scrotal circumference |
| What are you looking for with a rectal palpation for a breeding soundness exam? | prostate, ampullae, seminal vesicles are commonly diseased look for assemetry or pain, inquinal rings should not be large |
| Semen collection should be included in a breeding soundness exam. What are you looking for when evaluating a semen sample? | motility: 30% to pass; live vs dead; morphology: abnormal (double heads, tails, decaptiation) mus have 70% normal to pass |
| Breeding Soundness Exams: Satisfactory result | the bull passed all 3 criteria and should be good for breeding |
| Breeding Soundness Exams: Deferred result | the bull did not pass all criteria but should be reevaluated, because the problem may resolve over time. |
| Breeding Soundness Exams: Unsatisfactory result | the bull did not pass all criteria and has a non-resolvable problem |
| period of follicular development | proestrus |
| estrogen level has reached peak, receptive to male, ovulation soon after | estrus |
| CL begins to develop | Metestrus |
| active, luteal stage, where the CL has reached max size and max effect | Diestrus |
| ovarian inactivity | anestrus |
| synchronizing the estrus cycles of multiple females | estrous synchronization |
| what are the benefits of estrous synchronization? | enhances use of AI, breeding schedule can fit work schedules/seasons, reduces labor time, controls birthing season, induces cycles during anestrous |
| semen is collected and artificially injected into female | artificial insemenination |
| AI is difficult in... | sheep and goats |
| stored in special canisters containing liquid nitrogen, samples should be immediately placed in warm water bath | Frozen semen |
| store/shipped in freezer pack, should use quickly and not open until ready to use | Cooled semen |
| AI is performed vaginally in... | horses |
| AI is performed by rectal palpation in... | bovine |
| this allows for the production of more than one offspring from one cycle rather than 1 per cycle | embryo transfer |
| embryos for transfer can be.... | fresh or frozen |
| in cattle and horses embryo transfer is performed.. | vaginally |
| in sheep and goats embryo transfer is performed... | endoscopically/surgically |
| gestation cycle of bovine | 278 days, 9 mo |
| gestation cycle of equine | 330 days, 11 mo |
| gestationg cycle of ovine/caprine | 150 days, 5 mo |
| gestation cycle of porcine | 3 mo, 3 w, 3 d |
| gestation cycle of camelid | 350 days, 11.5 mo |
| this is a placenta where nearly the whole surface of the allantochorion forms it; horses and pigs | diffuse |
| type of placenta where there are multiple areas of attachments, commong in ruminants | cotyledonary |
| this stage of parturition: fetus has active role, contrations, fetus positions for delivery, ends with passing of allantoic fluid | stage 1 |
| this stage of parturition: begins with rupture of chorioallantois; ends with delivery of fetus | stage 2 |
| this stage of parturition: delivery of fetal membranes/placenta | stage 3 |
| what are the early signs of parturition in equine | enlarged vulva, pelvic ligaments relax, udder development 30 days before, waxing up 12-48 hrs prior |
| what can you see when an equine patient is in stage 1? | restlessness, frequent urination/straining, pawing/looking at side, colicky, vaginal discharge, swishing tail or holding up. Can last 30 minutes to 4 hours |
| how long should stage 2 last in equine patients | 20-30 minutes |
| In equine patients when the fetal membranes/placenta are retained more than 3 hours should you be concerned? | Yes. This is an emergency. |
| early signs of parturition in bovine | enlarged vulva, pelvic ligaments relax, vaginal discharge, udder development 30-45 days prior except in 1st calf heifers |
| what will you see in a bovine patient in stage 1 | restless, frequent urination, go off by themselves, hold tail up. lasts 2-8 hours |
| how long should stage 2 last in bovine patients | 30 minutes to 4 hours with progress every hour |
| how long should stage 3 last in bovine patients | 30 iminutes to 12 hours |
| what are early signs of parturition in ovine/caprine | pelvic ligaments relax, vulva elarges, udder developement, vaginal discharge |
| what will you see in an ovine/caprine patient stage 1 | restless, frequent urination, vocalization, lasts 1-4 hours |
| how long should stage 2 last in ovine/caprine patients | max of 2 hours |
| stage 3 in ovine/caprine should be over within | 8 hours |
| early signs of parturition in porcine | udder development ~30 days, stream milk 12 hours before birth |
| what will you see stage 1 in porcine patients | go off feed, restlessness, nesting 12-24 hours |
| how long should stage 2 last in porcine | 1-5 hours, 10-20 min between piglets |
| stage 3 should be complete within how long with porcine | 1-12 hours. retained could mean more piglets |
| early signs of parturition in camelids | udder development, vulva enlarges, pelvic ligaments relax |
| what should you expect of camelids in stage 1 labor? | restlessness, vocalization, frequent defecation/urination, seperation from herd, decreased appetite |
| how long should stage 2 last in camelids | 30-45 minutes. |
| how long should it take to complete stage 3 for camelids | 2 hours |
Created by:
maiken
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