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Mass Media -Final
Mass Media Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Authentic Performance | A live performance with an on-site audience |
| Mediated Performance | A performance modified and adjusted for delivery to an audience by mass media |
| Miller Standard | Current U.S. Supreme Court definition of sexually explicit depictions that are protected by the First Amendment from government bans |
| Highbrow/ Lowbrow | Levels of media content sophistication that coincide with audience tastes |
| Public Relations | A management tool to establish beneficial relationships |
| Social Darwinism | Application to society of Darwin's survival-of-the-fittest |
| Ivy Lee | Laid out fundamentals of public relations |
| John D. Rockefeller Jr. | Ivy Lee client who had been the target of public hatred |
| P.T. Barnum | Known for extravagant claims and hoaxes in publicity beginning in 1840's |
| George Creel | Demonstrated that public relations works on a mammoth scale in World War1 |
| Edward Bernays | Early public relations practitioner whose practice and scholarship helped define the field |
| Lobbying | Influencing public policy, usually legislation or regulation |
| William Caxton | Printed first advertisement |
| Benjamin Day | His penny newspaper brought advertising to a new level |
| Wayland Ayer | Founded first ad agency |
| Shelf Life | How long a periodical remains in use |
| Pass-Along Circulation | All the people who see a periodical |
| Click-Through Fee | A charge to advertisers when an online link to their ads is activated; also, a fee paid to web sites that host the links |
| David Oglivy | Championed brand imaging |
| Probability Sampling | Everyone in the population being surveyed as an equal chance to be sampled |
| Quota Sampling | Demographics of the sample coincides with those of the whole population |
| Straw Polls | Respondents select themselves to be polled; unreliable indicator of public opinion |
| Circulation | Number of readers of a publication |
| Engagement Ratings | The time that audience people stay with media products and advertisements |
| Anytime Anywhere Media Measurements (A2/M2) | Nielsen plan to integrate audience measurements on a wide range of video platforms |
| Cohort Analysis | Demographic tool to identify marketing targets by common characteristics |
| Psychographics | Breaking down a population by lifestyle characteristics |
| Shawn Fanning | Pioneered music file-swapping through original Napster |
| Steve Jobs | The driving force behind the Apple Computer revival, ipod and itunes |
| First Amendment | Provision in the U.S. constitution against government interference with free citizen expression, including media content |
| Arbitron | Radio listener survey company |
| Objectivity | A concept in journalism that news should be gathered and told value-free |
| Edward R. Murrow | CBS television reporter who confronted McCarthy on demagoguery |
| Ethnocentrism | Seeing things on the basis of personal experience and values |
| Aggregation Sites | News sites that regurgitate news complied from elsewhere or that offer pass-through links to other sources |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Invented movable metal type in 1440 |
| Pulp Fiction | Derisive term for cheap novels |
| Omar Mergenthaler | Invented Linotype typesetting machine 1886 |
| Frederick Ives | Invented halftone in 1876 |
| William Dickson | Developed first movie camera |
| Lumiere Brothers | Opened first motion picture exhibition hall |
| Emile Berliner | Inventor of process for mass production of record music |
| Samuel Morse | Inventor of telegraph |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Transmitted 1st wireless message 1895 |
| Philo Farnsworth | Inventor of television |
| Tim Berners-Lee | Created hypertext markup language and world wide web |
| Wikipedia | User created and edited encyclopedia |
| CPM | Cost per thousand |
| Frank Gannett | Founder of Gannett media corporation |
| Associated Press | Worlds largest news gathering organization; a nonprofit and a cooperative owned by member newspaper |
| Orson Welles | His radio drama cast doubt on powerful effects theory |
| Paul Lazarsfeld | Found voters are the most influenced by other people than by mass media |
| Agenda-Setting | Media tell people what to think about, not what to think |
| Narcoticizing Dysfunctional | People deceive themselves into believing they're involved when actually they're only informed |
| Cathartic Effect | People release violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed |
| Aristotle | Defended portrayals of violence |
| Albert Bandura | Found that media violence stimulated aggression in children |
| Catalytic Theory | Media violence is among factors that sometimes contribute to real-life violence |
| George Gerbner | Speculated that democracy is endangered by media violence |
| Desensitizing Theory | Tolerance of real-life violence grows because of media-depicted violences |
| Mass Communication | Technology-enabled process by which messages are sent to large, faraway audiences |
| Film Literacy | Competences to assess messages in motion media, such as movies, television and video |
| Media Literacy | Competences that enable people to analyze and evaluate media messages and also to create effective messages for mediated delivery |
| Marketplace of Ideas | The concept that a robust exchange of ideas, with none barred, yields better consensus |
| The Jazz Singer | The first feature sound movie |
| Dominant search engine, created by sergey brin, larry page | |
| Yahoo | A major search engine and internet services company |
| Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet) | Military network that preceded internet |
| Flikr | Image and video hosting website |
| Platform for 140 or fewer character communications among computer and cell phone users | |
| Greenwashing | Hiding environmental abuses while claiming to be eco-friendly |
| Self-Righting Process | Although people make occasional errors in truth-seeking, they eventually discover and correct them |
| Voice of America | U.S. government-funded producer of broadcast and internet programming sent into nations with state-controlled media to articulate U.S. policies directly to the people |
| Golden Shield | Firewall Chinese system to control internal internet communication within the country |
| Al-Jazeera | Qatar-based satellite news channel for Arab audiences; now global |
| Dubai Media Incorporated | Quasi-government agency building Dubai into a Mideast entertainment production center |
| Byline | A line identifying the reporter or writer, usually atop an article |
| Edward Bernays | Early public relations practitioner whose practice and scholarship helped define the field |
| Edward R. Murrow | CBS television reporter who confronted McCarthy on demagoguery |
| Equal Time Rule | Government requirement for stations to offer competing political candidates the same time period and the same rate for advertising |
| Fairness Doctrine | Former government requirement that stations air all sides of public issues |
| Fourth Branch | The press as an informally structured check on the legislative, executive and judicial branches of U.S. government |
| Framing | Selecting aspects of a perceived reality for emphasis in a mass media message, thereby shaping how the audience sees the reality |
| George Creel | Demonstrated that public relations works on a mammoth scale in World War 1 |
| Horse Race | An election campaign treated by reporters like a game-who's ahead, who's falling back, who's coming up the rail |
| Ivy Lee | Laid out fundamentals of public relations |
| Leak | A deliberate disclosure of confidential or classified information by someone who wants to advance the public interest, embarrass a bureaucratic rival or supervisor, or disclose incompetence or skullduggery |
| Lobbying | Influencing public policy, usually legislation or regulation |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) | Creations of corporations, labor unions and ideological organizations to collect money to support candidates |
| Public Relations | A management tool to establish beneficial relationships |
| Sound Bites | The actual voice of someone in the news, sandwiched into a correspondent's report |
| Swiftboating | Smear campaigns, generally by 527's |
| Categorical Imperative | A principal that can be applied in any and all circumstance with moral certitude |
| Copyright | Protects the ownership rights of creative works, including books, articles and lyrics |
| Deontological Ethics | Good actions flow from good processes |
| Fourth Branch of Government | The mass media |
| Golden Mean | Moderation is the best course |
| Misrepresentations | Deception in gathering or telling information |
| Plagiarism | Using someone else's work without permission or credit |
| Potter's Box | Tool for sorting through the pros and cons of ethics questions |
| Prescriptive Ethics | Follow the rules and your decision will be the correct one |
| Prudence | Applying wisdom, not principles, to an ethics situation |
| Veil of Ignorance | Making decisions with a blind eye to extraneous factors that could affect the decision |
| Interpersonal Communication | Between two individuals, although sometimes a small group, usually face to face |
| Group Communication | An audience of more than one, all within ear shot |
| Linguistic Literacy | Competencies with a written and spoken language |
| Visual Literacy | A competency at deciphering meaning from images |
| Stonewalling | Hiding from media, staying inside (ex. Nixon, White House, Watergate) |
| Pilot | A prototype television show that is given an on-air trial |
| Black Weeks | Period when ratings are not conducted |
| Joan Kroc | Widow of McDonald's founder. Secured future for NPR |
| Garrison Keiller | His show- live audience variety show A Prairie Home 1974 |
| Teleological Ethics | Concerned with the consequences of actions |
| NPR | National Public Radio |
| Clear Channel | A chain that owned more than 1200 stations at its peak in 2005 |
| CPB | Corporation for Public Broadcasting |
| Feedback | Response to a message |
| Authoritarianism | top down governance such as a monarchy or dictatorship |
| Prior Restraint | Prohibiting expression in advance |
| Incitement Standard | A four part test to determine whether an advocacy speech is constitutionally protected |
| Commercial Speech | Legalese for advertising |
| Hate Speech | Offensive expressions especially those aimed at racial, ethic and sexual orientation minorities |
| Communications Decency Act | Failed 1996 and 1999 laws to keep indecent content off the internet |
| Christian Science Monitor | National daily newspaper sponsored by the Christian Science Church |
| Wall Street Journal | Nations largest newspaper began in 1882 |
| Suspension of Disbelief | Occurs when you surrender doubts about the reality of a story and become caught up in the story |
| Star System | Making actors into celebrities to increase the size of movie audiences |
| Time Shifting | Ability of viewer ti change when they access programming |
Created by:
Meg0301
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