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Mass Media Ch. 14
Mass Media Chapter 14 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fourth Estate | The press as a player in medieval power structures, in addition to the clerical, noble and common estates |
| Edmund Burke | British member of Parliament who is sometimes credited with coining the term fourth estate |
| Fourth Branch | The press as an informally structured check on the legislative, executive and judicial branches of U.S. government |
| Watchdog Role | Concept of the press as a skeptical and critical monitor of government |
| Equal Time Rule | Government requirement for stations to offer competing political candidates the same time period and the same rate for advertising |
| Fairness Doctrine | Former government requirement that stations air all sides of public issues |
| Don Burden | Radio station owner who lost licenses because he favored some political candidates over others |
| Tornillo Opinion | The U.S. Supreme Court upheld First Amendment protection for the print media even if they are imbalanced and unfair |
| Maxwell McCombs, Don Shaw | Scholars whose agenda-setting ideas further displaced powerful effect theory |
| Agenda-Setting | The process through which issues bubble up into public attention through mass media selection of what to cover |
| CNN Effect | The ability of television, through emotion-raising video, to elevate distant issues on the domestic public agenda |
| Framing | Selecting aspects of a perceived reality for emphasis in a mass media message, thereby shaping how the audience sees the reality |
| Horse Race | An election campaign treated by reporters like a game-who's ahead, who's falling back, who's coming up the rail |
| Sound Bites | The actual voice of someone in the news, sandwiched into a correspondent's report |
| Trial Balloon | A deliberate leak of a potential policy, usually from a diversionary source, to test public response |
| Leak | A deliberate disclosure of confidential or classified information by someone who wants to advance the public interest, embarrass a bureaucratic rival or supervisor, or disclose incompetence or skullduggery |
| Pseudo-Event | A staged event to attract media attention, usually lacking substance |
| Photo Op | Short for "photo opportunity" A staged event, usually photogenic, used to attract media attention |
| Negative Ads | Political campaign advertising, usually on television, in which candidates criticize the opponents rather than emphasizing their own platforms |
| Attack Ads | A subspecies of negative ads, especially savage in criticizing an opponent, many playing loosely with context and facts |
| 527 Status | For political support groups that independently create and finance campaign advertising |
| Section 312 | Requires broadcasters to carry ads for federal candidates |
| Section 315 | Requires stations to sell equal time to competing candidates |
| Straw Donor | A person who uses someone else's money to make a political contribution |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) | Creations of corporations, labor unions and ideological organizations to collect money to support candidates |
| Swiftboating | Smear campaigns, generally by 527s |
| First National Bank of Boston | Litigant in U.S. Supreme Court decision allowing corporations to advertise for and against ballot initiatives (FNB v. Bellotti, 1977) |
| Citizens United | U.S. Supreme Court decision allowing corporations to buy advertising directly for and against political candidates (Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 2010) |
Created by:
Meg0301
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