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Diagnostic Microbiol
Diagnostic Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diagnostic Microbiology | The study of microbes |
| Diagnostic Microbiology | Too small to be seen by the naked eye |
| Diagnostic Microbiology | Bacteria |
| Diagnostic Microbiology | Viruses |
| Diagnostic Microbiology | Fungi |
| Diagnostic Microbiology | Most are nonpathogenic |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Obligate aerobes |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Obligate anaerobes |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Facultative anaerobes |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Microaerophilic |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Capnophilic |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Nutritional requirements vary |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | Temperature requirements vary |
| Bacterial Cell Morphology | 4 groups according to shape |
| 4 groups according to shape | Coccus Bacillus Spiral Pleomorphic |
| FA- can survive in the absence of O2 but | their growth is limited |
| Microaerophilic-prefer | reduced 02 tensions |
| Capnophilic | require high levels of CO2 |
| Coccus—plueral is cocci | spherical cells |
| Bacillus—shaped | like rods or cylinders |
| occur singly and can be subdivided into loose spirals, tight spirals, and comma shaped spirals | spiral |
| shape ranging from cocci to rods | Pleomorphic |
| Variety of Arrangements | Single Pairs Clusters/bunches Chains Palisades |
| Spores | Resistant to heat, desiccation, chemicals, and radiation |
| Spores | Classifications |
| Clusters— | Look like a bunch of grapes |
| Chains | short or long |
| Palisades | —”chinese letter pattern” |
| Spores— | intracellular refractive bodies |
| Classification of cells | Central: present in the center of the cell Subterminal: present near the end of the cell Terminal: present at the end or pole of the cell |
| Bacterial Growth | Single DNA strand |
| Bacterial Growth | Binary fission |
| Bacterial Growth | 4 phases of growth on plates |
| 4 phases of growth on plates | Lag Phase Exponential Growth Phase Stationary Phase Logarithmic Decline, AKA Death Phase |
| Classification of cells | Central: present in the center of the cell Subterminal: present near the end of the cell Terminal: present at the end or pole of the cell |
| Bacterial Growth | Single DNA strand |
| Bacterial Growth | Binary fission |
| Classification of cells | Central: present in the center of the cell Subterminal: present near the end of the cell Terminal: present at the end or pole of the cell |
| Bacterial Growth | Single DNA strand |
| Lag Phase: | bacteria adapt their metabolism to use the resources on their new media |
| Bacterial Growth | Binary fission |
| Bacterial Growth | 4 phases of growth on plates |
| 4 phases of growth on plates | Lag Phase Exponential Growth Phase Stationary Phase Logarithmic Decline, AKA Death Phase |
| spore formation occurs | Death |
| Lag Phase: | bacteria adapt their metabolism to use the resources on their new media |
| Separate room | The Laboratory |
| EGP: | Growth is referred to as doubling time or generation time, variable between species and environmental conditions, continues until essential nutrients are depleted, toxic waste products accumulate, and/or space becomes limiting |
| Minimal traffic | The Laboratory |
| Total numbers of cells show no net increase or decrease, length of phase is variable amoung species | Stationary |
| Good lighting/ventilation | The Laboratory |
| spore formation occurs | Death |
| Separate room | The Laboratory |
| Easily cleaned surfaces | The Laboratory |
| 2 work areas | The Laboratory |
| Access to incubator and fridge | The Laboratory |
| Electrical outlets | The Laboratory |
| Minimal traffic | The Laboratory |
| Storage | The Laboratory |
| Good lighting/ventilation | The Laboratory |
| 2 work areas, | one for processing the samples and one for culture work |
| Easily cleaned surfaces | The Laboratory |
| Tx as if zoonotic | Laboratory Safety |
| 2 work areas | The Laboratory |
| Aseptic technique | Laboratory Safety |
| Electrical outlets | The Laboratory |
| PPE | Laboratory Safety |
| Storage | The Laboratory |
| Autoclave all tools | Laboratory Safety |
| Access to incubator and fridge | The Laboratory |
| No eating/drinking | Laboratory Safety |
| 2 work areas, | one for processing the samples and one for culture work |
| Goggles | Laboratory Safety |
| Most are potentially pathogenic | Laboratory Safety |
| Hair tied back | Laboratory Safety |
| Tx as if zoonotic | Laboratory Safety |
| Any accidents report ASAP to vet | Laboratory Safety |
| Aseptic technique | Laboratory Safety |
| PPE | clean, long sleeved, knee-length, white lab coats to prevent contamination of scrubs, disposable gloves, +/- face masks wash coats weekly with hot water and strong bleach, no not mix with other laundry |
| PPE | Laboratory Safety |
| Gram Stain | Categorizes bacteria as Gram+ or Gram- |
| Autoclave all tools | Laboratory Safety |
| Gram Stain | Purple=Gram+ |
| No eating/drinking | Laboratory Safety |
| Gram Stain | Red=Gram- |
| Goggles | Laboratory Safety |
| Potassium Hydroxide Test | Gram-variable reaction |
| Hair tied back | Laboratory Safety |
| Potassium Hydroxide Test | Gram- become sticky, gram+ do not |
| Any accidents report ASAP to vet | Laboratory Safety |
| Acid fast stain | Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp |
| PPE | clean, long sleeved, knee-length, white lab coats to prevent contamination of scrubs, disposable gloves, +/- face masks wash coats weekly with hot water and strong bleach, no not mix with other laundry |
| Gram Stain | Categorizes bacteria as Gram+ or Gram- |
| Gram Stain | Purple=Gram+ |
| Gram Stain | Red=Gram- |
| Potassium Hydroxide Test | Gram-variable reaction |
| Potassium Hydroxide Test | Gram- become sticky, gram+ do not |
| Acid fast stain | Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp |
| Giemsa Stain | Detects spirochetes and rickettsiae |
| Culture Media | Any material solid or liquid that can support the growth of microorganisms |
| Types | Transport media General purpose media Enriched media Selective media Differential media Enrichment media |
| Transport media: | keep microbes alive while not encouraging growth and reproduction |
| General purpose: | : AKA Nutrient media, not commonly used in vet med |
| Enriched | meet the requirements of the most fastidious pathogens—added blood, serum, or egg |
| Selective: | contain antibacterial substances such as bile salts or antimicrobials which inhibit or kill all but a few types of bacteria—MacConkey |
| allow bacteria to be differentiated into groups by biochemical rxns on the medium | Differential |
| liquid media that favor growth of a particular group of organisms | Enrichment |
| Blood Agar (Trypitcase Soy Agar) | Supports growth |
| Blood Agar (Trypitcase Soy Agar) | Sheep blood most common |
| Blood Agar (Trypitcase Soy Agar) | Detects hemolysis |
| MacConkey Agar and Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar | Selective and differential |
| MacConkey Agar and Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar | Suppresses growth of gram+ |
| MacConkey Agar and Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar | Bile salts for lactose fermenting |
| MacConkey Agar and Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar | Turn pink=lactose producing, clear is negative |
| Thioglycollate Broth | Liquid medium |
| Thioglycollate Broth | Determine oxygen tolerance |
| Urea Tubes | Slant tube |
| Urea Tubes | Pink is a positive=urea hydrolysis |
| Sulfide-Indole Motility Tubes | Slant tube |
| Sulfide-Indole Motility Tubes | Stab innoculation |
| grow in very bottom | Anaerobic |
| facultative | are throughout and aerobic are on the top |
| Brain-Heart Infusion Broth | Used to increase number of organisms |
| Brain-Heart Infusion Broth | Add blood to it |
| Brain-Heart Infusion Broth | then plate it |
| Triple Sugar Iron Agar | ID of Salmonella and differentiation of enteric bacteria |
| Triple Sugar Iron Agar | Anaerobic bacteria turns it red to yellow |
| Salmonella-Shigella agar | Pathogenic enteric gram neg bacteria |
| Mannitol Salt Agar | Selective medium for Staph |
| Mannitol Salt Agar | Positive turns medium yellow |
| Mueller-Hinton | Gives standardized results during antibiotic sensitivity testing |
| Inoculation of Culture Media | Sterile technique |
| Inoculation of Culture Media | Streaking culture plates |
| Sterile technique | flame everything, culture plates left closed until being use |
| Colony Characteristics | Size Pigment Density Elevation Form Texture Odor Any hemolysis Figure 4-22 pg 136 |
| Motility | Microscopic exam |
| Catalase Testing | Gram + cocci and small gram + bacilli |
| Catalase Testing | Hydrogen peroxide |
| Catalase Testing | + will make gas bubbles |
| Coagulase Testing | Clotting factors |
| Coagulase Testing | + will have a clot |
| Mycology | Most are multicellular |
| Mycology | Hyphae |
| Mycology | Yeast is unicellular |
| Mycology | Most make spores |
| Mycology | Yeast=budding |
| Mycology | Testing: DTM |
| Mycology | Cultures: Sabouraud dextrose agar |
| -webs of slender tubing which grow towards food surfaces | Hyphae |
| Virology | Specialized laboratories |
Created by:
JODY84
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