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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY FROM POWER POINT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHY CLINICAL CHEMISTRY | AID IN ACCURATE DIAGNOSES |
| WHY CLINICAL CHEMISTRY | POINT OF CARE |
| WHY CLINICAL CHEMISTRY | PRESCRIBE PROPER THERAPY |
| WHY CLINICAL CHEMISTRY | DOCUMENT RESPONSE TO TREATMENT |
| SAMPLE COLLECTION | WHOLE BLOOD |
| PLASMA | FLUID PORTION OF WHOLE BLOOD |
| SERUM | PLAMA-FIBROGEN (PROTEIN) REMOVED |
| SAMPLE COLLECTION | WHOLE BLOOD |
| SAMPLE COLLECTION | INSTRUMENT SPECIFIC |
| SAMPLE COLLECTION | PRE & POST PRANDIAL |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | HEMOLYSIS |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | SAMPLE COLLECTION/TRANSFER |
| HEMOLYSIS | CAUSES FALSE INCREASES OF:K,P, SOME ENZYMES |
| HEMOLYSIS | ALTERS LIPASE, BILIRUBIN |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | IMPROPER LABELING |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | IMPROPER SAMPLE HANDLING; IDEAL TO RUN TESTS WITHIN 1 HOUR OF COLLECTION |
| RESULTS ARE ALTERED BY | THE PATIENT |
| REFERENCE RANGES | GENERAL OR LAB SPECIFIC. |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | PROTEINS |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | HEPATOBILIARY |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | KIDNEY |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | OTHER ENDOCRINE |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | ELECTROLYTES |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | MISCELLANEOUS |
| SPECIFIC CHEMISTRY TESTS; GROUPS | TOXICOLOGY |
| PROTEINS | TOTAL PROTEIN, ALBUMIN, GLOBULIN, ALB/GLOB RATIO |
| TOTAL PROTEIN | HYDRATION STATUS |
| TOTAL PROTEINS ARE ALTERED BY | HEPATIC SYNTHESIS |
| TOTAL PROTEINS ARE ALTERED BY | PROTEIN DISTRUBUTION |
| TOTAL PROTEINS ARE ALTERED BY | PROTEIN BREAKDOWN/EXCREATION |
| TOTAL PROTEINS ARE ALTERED BY | HYDRATION |
| ALUBMIN | 35-50% OF TOTAL PLASMA PROTEIN |
| ALUBMIN | MADE BY LIVER |
| DECREASE ALUBMIN | LIVER DISEASE, ANOREXIA, RENAL DISEASE AND MALABSORPTION |
| GLOBULINS | MADE BY LIVER |
| GLOBULINS | DETERMINED MATHEMATICALLY |
| TP-ALBUMIN= | GLOBULIN |
| ALBUMIN/GLOBULIN RATIO | ABNORMAL RATION IS FIRST INDICATOR OF PROTEIN PROBLEM |
| ALBUMIN/GLOBULIN RATIO | RATIO DOESNT CHANGE IF ALB & GLOB GO UP AND DOWN TOGERTHER; HEMMORAGE |
| FIBRINOGEN | MADE BY LIVER |
| FIBRINOGEN | INCREASED BY ACUTE INFLAMMATION OR TISSUE DAMAGE |
| FIBRINOGEN | HEPARIN CAUSES FALSE LOW RESULTS |
| HEPATOBILIARY ASSAYS | LIVER AND GALLBLADDER |
| HEPATOBILIARY ASSAYS | NO SINGLE TEST IS SUPERIOR TO ANY OTHER FOR DETECTING HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE |
| THREE CATEGORIES OF HEPATOBILIARY TESTS | LIVER DAMAGE, CHOLESTASIS, LIVER FUNCTION TESTS |
| ALT | ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE |
| ALT | DOGS, CATS, PRIMATES, |
| ALT | RENAL CELLS, CARDIAC & SKELETAL MUSCLE, PANCREAS |
| AST | ASPERTATE TRANSMINASE |
| AST | RISE SLOWER THAN ALT= WORSE DAMAGE |
| RBCS, CARDIAC & SKELETAL MUSCLE, KIDNEY, PANCREAS **HEMOLYSIS** | AST |
| SDH | LARGE ANIMAL, TEST QUICK, |
| GLDH | RUMINANTS, AVIAN |
| CHOLESTASIS | BILE DUCT OBSTRUCTION |
| ALP | ALKALINE PHOSPHATE |
| ALP | LIVER, BONE, CARTILAGE, INTESTING, PLACENTA |
| STEROIDS CAUSES INCREASE IN | ALP |
| ALP IS INCREASED IN | YOUNG ANIMALS BECAUSE OF ACTIVE BONE |
| ALP IS FOUND IN | DOGS AND CATS |
| GGT | GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE |
| GGT | LIVER, KIDNEY, PANCREAS, INTESTINE, MUSCLE |
| GGT | OBSTRUCTIVE LIVER DISEASE |
| GGT IS FOUND IN | CATS AND DOGS |
| HEPATO | LIVER |
| BILIARY | GALLBLADDER |
| AST IS PRODUCED IN | RENAL MUSCLES AND PANCREAS |
| AST IS THE | LATER PART OF DISEASE PROCESS |
| ALP | PRODUCTION ENZYME NORMALLY HIGH IN YOUNG OR SOME STEROIDS OR WITH CUSHINGS DISEASE |
| WHEN GGT IS HIGH | USUALLY AN OBSTRUCTION |
| IF ALP IS UP AND GGT IS NORMAL | IT IS NOT AN OBSTRUCTION |
| BILIRUBIN | TOTAL CONJUGATE (DIRECT);UNCONJUGATED (INDIRECT) |
| BILIRUBIN | CAUSES JAUNDICE, LIVER FUNCTION, BILE DUCT PATENCY |
| INCREASE CONJUGATE | LIVER DAMAGE, BILE DUCT INJURY OR OBSTRUCTION |
| INCREASE UNCONJUGATED | RBC DESTRUCTION |
| BILE ACIDS ARE MADE BY | LIVER |
| BILE ACIDS ARE STORED BY | GALLBLADDER |
| BILE ACIDS | POST-PRANDIAL HIGHER THAN FASTED |
| BILE ACIDS | DECREASES MALABSORPTION |
| CHOLESTEROL | IS MADE BY THE LIVER |
| CHOLESTEROL | INCREASES CHOLESTASIS, LOW T4, CUSHINGS, DM |
| CHOLLESTEROL | IS NOT USEFUL ALONE |
| KIDNEY ASSAYS | BUN, CREATININE, BUN/CREAT RATIO, URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO, GFR FUNCTION |
| BUN | BLOOD UREA NITROGEN |
| BUN INCREASES; PRE-RENAL | DEHYDRATION |
| BUN INCREASES; RENAL | KIDNEY DISEASE |
| BUN INCREASES; POST-RENAL | OBSTRUCTION |
| BUN DECREASES; | UREASE-PRODUCING BACTERIA CONTAMINATION. STAPH, PROTEUS, KLEBSIELLA |
| BUN DECREASES; | LIVER |
| CREATININE | BEST INDICATOR OF RENAL DISEASE PROGRESSION OVER TIME |
| INCREASE OF CREATININE | DECREASE GFR |
| DECREASE OF CREATININE | POST PRANDIAL |
| BUN/CREATINE RATIO | USED TO EVALUATE STATUS DURING TREATMENT |
| BUN/CREATINE RATION | USED TO EVALUATE STATUS DURING TREATMENT DEHYDRATION DIETARY TREATMENT FAILURE OWNER NONCOMPLIANCE |
| URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO | PROTEIN IN URINE IN ABSENCE OF CELLS -> GLOMERULAR DISEASE |
| URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO | NORMAL <1 |
| URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO | PRE-RENAL OR FUNCTIONAL : 1-5 |
| URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO | RENAL; >5 |
| URINE PROTEIN/CREAT RATIO | EARLY INDICATOR OF KIDNEY DISEASE |
| GFR | GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE |
| GFR | TRUE FUNCTION TEST |
| EXOCRINE PANCREAS | MAKES INSULIN |
| EXOCRINE PANCREAS | AMYLASE, LIPASE |
| TLI | TRYPSINLIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY |
| fPLI | FELINE PANREATIC LIPASE IMMUNOREACTIVITY |
| ENDOCRINE PANCREAS | GLUCOSE, STRESS RAISES GLUCOSE IN CATS |
| ENDOCRINE PANCREAS | FRUCTOSAMINE, TELLS WHAT HAS BEEN IN THE BLOOD WITHIN THE PAST 2 WEEKS |
| AMYLASE | PANCREATIC DISEASE |
| AMYLASE | INCREASES WITH DECREASED GFR FOR ANY REASON |
| AMYLASE | 3X NORMAL= PANCREATITIS |
| LIPASE | GRADUAL INCREASE WITH PROGRESSIVE DISEASE |
| AMYLASE,LIPASE | WITH CHRONIC/SCARRED PANCREAS BOTH WILL DECREASE OR BECOME NORMAL |
| TLI | PANCREATIC INJURY |
| TLI | EPI IN DOGS |
| TLI | DECREASES PARALLEL TO DECREASE PANCREAS MASS |
| fPLI | SPECIFIC FOR FELINE PANCREATITS |
| GLUCOSE | INSULIN DEPENDENT |
| GLUCOSE | STRESS |
| GLUCOSE | TIME OF EATING |
| FRUCTOSAMINE | GOOD INDICATOR OF AVERAGE GLUCOSE OVER PREVIOUS 1-2 WEEKS |
| OTHER ENDOCRINE | ADREBICIRTUCAK FYBCTUB TEST ACTH STIM LDDS HDDS THYROID TT4 fT3 T3 TSH RESPONSE |
| CA | CALCIUM |
| CA | BONES, HEMOLYSIS CAUSES SLIGHT DECREASE |
| P | PHOSPHOROUS |
| P | BONES, DECREASES AS CA INCREASES,HEMOLYSIS FALSE RESULTS |
| NA | SODIUM |
| NA | NOT ALTERED BY HEMOLYSIS; IMPORTANT FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION OSMOTIC PRESSURE |
| MG | MAGNESIUM |
| MG | CATTLE, SHEEP, SHOW MUSCLE TISSUES WITH LOW LEVLS |
| CL | CHLORIDE |
| CL | IMPORTANT FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION, OSMOTIC PRESSURE |
| BICARB | BUFFERING, MAINTAING CORRECT PH |
| CK | CREATINE KINASE |
| LEAD POISONING | LEAD PAINT,AMMO, LINOLEUM, CAR BATTERIES, SOLDER, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ROOFING MATERIALS |
| LEAD POISONING | BASOPHILIC STIPPLING OF RBC'S, nRBC'S |
| LEAD POISONING | LEAD LEVELS TO DIAGNOSE |
| NITRATE/NITRITE POISONING | RUMINANTS, PIGS, HORSESS DUE TO WRONG FOOD |
| NITRATE/NITRITE POISONING | TEST FOOD, WATER, AND PLANT SOURCES |
| ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES | VITAMIN K,PT,PTT,ACH |
| ETHYLENE GLYCOL | ANTIFREEZE, SPECIFIC TESTS AVAILABLE |
Created by:
JODY84
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