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Parasit: swine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gongylonema pulchrum: phylum | nematoda |
| gongylonema pulchrum: superfamily | spiruroidea |
| gongylonema pulchrum: life cycle direct/indirect | indirect |
| gongylonema pulchrum: IH | dung beetles, cockroaches |
| gongylonema pulchrum: common name | stitch worm |
| gongylonema pulchrum: where is it found on host? | adult found in esophageal & lingual mucous membrane = characteristic grossly visible raised sinusoidal tracts |
| gongylonema pulchrum: importance | condemnation of tongues for pickled pork tonuge |
| gongylonema pulchrum: LC | embryonated eggs passed in feces & ingested by adult coprophagous beetles/larvae, worm larvae hatches, develops to L3; beetle ingested by DH; migrate stomach -> esoph mucosa, lays eggs as it goes |
| gongylonema pulchrum: ppp | 8 wks |
| gongylonema pulchrum: control | no treatment; prevent swine from consuming IH |
| ascarops strongylina: phylum | nematoda |
| ascarops strongylina: superfamily | spiruroidea |
| ascarops strongylina: direct/indirect LC | indirect |
| ascarops strongylina: IH | dung beetles |
| ascarops strongylina: paratenic hosts | several, including rodents |
| ascarops strongylina: how are swine infected | ingesting IH or PH containing l3 larvae |
| ascarops strongylina: infective stage | L3 |
| ascarops strongylina: where are adults found in host | under gastric mucus layer on mucosal surface |
| ascarops strongylina: clinical effects | gastritis, ulcers |
| ascarops strongylina: diagnosis? | best at necropsy |
| physocephalus sexalatus: phylum | nematoda |
| physocephalus sexalatus: superfamily | spiruroidea |
| physocephalus sexalatus: direct/indirect LC | indirect |
| physocephalus sexalatus: IH | dung beetles |
| physocephalus sexalatus: how are swine infected | ingesting IH containing L3 larvae |
| physocephalus sexalatus: infective stage | L3 |
| physocephalus sexalatus: where are they found in host | adults live under gastric mucous layer on gastric mucosa |
| physocephalus sexalatus: clinical effect on host | gastritis, occasional ulceration |
| superfamily spiruroidea: finding eggs | don't float well; best recovered by sedimentatino |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: phylum | nematoda |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: superfamily | trichostrongyloide |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: indirect/direct LC | direct |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: where are they found in pigs? | stomach; adults live under gastric mucus layer on gastric mucosa & in gastric glands |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: what types of swine facilities are they most common in | pastured pigs only |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: LC | thin-shelled, segmented egg; embryonated form passed in feces; L3 ingested by pig, molt to L4/5 in mucosa |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: ppp | 21 days |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: infective stage | L3 |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: hypobiosis? | may lead to disase after removal from pasture; reactivate at parturition |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: repro product of female | segmented egg |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: product passed in feces | embryonated egg |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: pathology | chronic wasting disease; larvae invade gastric glands: increased gastric pH, decreased plasma protein (like ostertagiasis in cow), gastritis, ulceration, anemia, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting |
| PPRR | periparturient relaxation of resistance: give birth = lose ability to immunologically resist nematode infections = increased eggs = increased larvae infective to piglets; important in hyostrongylus & oesophagostomum nematodes |
| hyostrongylus rubidus: Dx | distinguish eggs from Oesophagostomum; fecal culture, develop to L3; larvae move rapidly |
| trichostrongylus axei: phylum | nematoda |
| trichostrongylus axei: superfamily | trichostrongyloidea |
| trichostrongylus axei: direct/indrect | direct |
| trichostrongylus axei: where is it found in pig | uncommon; stomach |
| trichostrongylus axei: clinical symptoms | gastritis if in large numbers |
| ascaris suum: phylum | nematoda |
| ascaris suum: superfamily | ascaroidea |
| ascaris suum: distribution geographically | worldwide |
| most economically important nematode of swine | ascaris suum |
| ascaris suum: cross-infection | hepatopulumonary migratino (liver to lung) when pigs/humans ingest infective eggs of each other's ascarid; doesn't usually produce infection |
| ascaris suum: LC direct/indirect | direct |
| ascaris suum: transmammary/transplacental trans? | neither |
| ascaris suum: repro product in feces | egg single-celled, non-infective |
| ascaris suum: infective stage | L2 |
| ascaris suum: how is it in env't | can live >5 years |
| ascaris suum: how to kill eggs | drying, sunlight; flame, steam |
| ascaris suum: paratenic host | bettle, earthworm |
| ascaris suum: LC | L2 egg ingested, hatch in SI; molt to L3 in liver; hepatic-tracheal migration; coughed up, swallowed, final molts in SI |
| ascaris suum: ppp | 6-8 weeks |
| ascaris suum: larval pathology | host's immune response to antigenic excretory/secretory products of molting/migration; granulomas in liver become fibrotic (milk spot); lung hemorrhage, edema, WBC infiltration = pneumonia, bronchitis; secondary infection |
| ascaris suum: adult pathology | damage mostly mechanical (large adults); reduced grwoth; may block bile/pancreatic ducts |
| ascaris suum: age of pig most infected | young animals; resistant to reinfection after initial liver-lung migration |
| ascaris suum: mild disease | cough, diarrhea, reduced weight gain, poor doer |
| ascaris suum: severe disease | larval migration: exudate in lungs, cough, pneumonia, bronchitis, fatal |
| ascaris suum: control | sanitation! all in, all out; flame/steam, high pressure hosing; treat sow before farrowing; eggs are sticky & resistant |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: phylum | nematoda |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: superfamily | ancyclostomatoidea |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: common name | pig hookworm |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: geography | worldwide |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: direct/indirect | direct |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: clinical symptoms | heavy infections may cause anemia; usually of minor importance |
| strongyloides ransomi: phylum | nematoda |
| globocephalus urosubulatus: localization in swine | small intestine |
| ascaris suum: localization in swine | small intestine |
| strongyloides ransomi: superfamily | rhabditoidea |
| strongyloides ransomi: geography | worldwide |
| strongyloides ransomi: age most commonly affected | young pigs |
| strongyloides ransomi: parasitic or free-living? | both; only females are parasitic |
| strongyloides ransomi: repro product in feces | larvated eggs |
| strongyloides ransomi: infective stage? how? | L3, skin penetration of sweat glands / hair follicles |
| strongyloides ransomi: ppp | 9 days after skin-tracheal migration; 4-6 days after transmammmary transmission |
| strongyloides ransomi: transmission/migration in naive host after skin penetration | skin-tracheal migration; L3 travel venous system to lungs, molt to L4, up trachea, swallowed, pass to SI, final most |
| strongyloides ransomi: transmission/migration in resistant host after skin penetration | skin-aortic migration; L3 migrate to lungs via venous system, don't molt, not coughed up; pass through lungs, heart, aorta -> disseminated to body tissues |
| strongyloides ransomi: ingestion of L3 from evn't - naive vs resistant host | naive: L3 penetrate mouth -> venous system -> skin-tracheal migration; resistant: skin-aortic migratino |
| strongyloides ransomi: ingestion of L3 in colostrum | ingest L3 larvae (had already undergone aortic migratino in sow); go to SI, develop to adults |
| strongyloides ransomi: pathology | most severe in piglets up to weaning age; diarrhea, hemorrhagic; emaciation, stunting of growth; vomiting, anorexia, anemia; can be fatal |
| strongyloides ransomi: Dx | thin-walled larvated eggs in fresh feces; baermann to ID hatched L1 |
| strongyloides ransomi: control | sanitation |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: phylum | acanthocephala |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: common name | thorny-headed worm |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: mono- or dioecious | dioecious |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: body cavity? | yes |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: how do they resemble cestodes | lack mouth & alimentary tract; pseudo-segmented |
| do pigs have adult tapeworms? | no; probably macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus if found in SI |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: repro product of female | acanthor in egg |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: eggs in evn't | resistant |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: direct/indirect LC | indirect |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: IH | larvae of june beetles/may beetles |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: LC | IH (larvae of beetle) ingests egg, acanthor burrows into body cavity, develops into acanthella, 3 months - becomes infective cystacanth; pig ingests beetle, proboscis embeds into SI wall, grow to maturity in 2-3 months |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: ppp | 9 weeks |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: pathology | feeds by absorption; local inflammation, abscess; heavy infection = ulceration, perforation |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: clinical signs | asymptomatic to severe, depend on # parasites; diarrhea; emaciation, anemia, abdominal pain |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: diagnosis | eggs in feces: sedimentation; womrs expessed in feces |
| macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus: control | raise pigs on concrete where beetle larvae cannot become infected |
| cystoisospora suis: phylum | apicomplexa |
| cystoisospora suis: common name | coccidia |
| cystoisospora suis: repro product passed in feces | unsporulated oocyst |
| cystoisospora suis: form when sporulated | 2 sporocytss each w/4 sporozoites |
| cystoisospora suis: direct/indirect lc | direct |
| cystoisospora suis: age affected | neonatal swine |
| cystoisospora suis: ppp | 5 days |
| cystoisospora suis: where do merogony, gamogony, syngamy occur? | gut epithelial cells (SI) |
| cystoisospora suis: pathology | 20% of neonatal diarrhea in piglets 5-10 days old; villous atrphy in jejunum & ileum; diarrhea, dehyedration, emaciation; may be fatal; stunted growth |
| cystoisospora suis: infective stage | sporulated oocyst |
| cystoisospora suis: control | treat sows starting 2 weeks prior to farrowing; sanitation; solid immunity develops following exposure |
| eimeria: phylum | apicomplexa |
| eimeria: type of protozoon | coccidea |
| eimeria: repro product passed in feces | unsporulated oocyst |
| eimeria: morphology when sporulated | 4 sporocysts, each with 2 sporozoites |
| eimeria: infective stage | sporulated oocyst |
| eimeria: age infected | older animals = coccidiosis |
| eimeria: direct/indirect LC | direct |
| eimeria debliecki: clinical signs | diarrhea, not dysentery |
| most common eimeria of swine | eimeria debliecki |
| eimeria debliecki: where is it located in swine | SI |
| eimeria debliecki: ppp | 7 days |
| eimeria debliecki: diagnosis | clinical signs, history; oocysts in feces |
| eimeria debliecki: control | sanitation, coccidiostats |
| eimeria scabra: importance | most pathogenic eimeria coccidia of swine |
| eimeria scabra: where is it located in swine | SI |
| eimeria scabra: clinical signs | hemorrhagic enteritis |
| eimeria scabra: ppp | 9 days |
| eimeria scabra: diagnosis | clinical signs, history, oocysts in feces |
| eimeria scabra: control | sanitation, coccidiostats |
| cryptosporidium parvum: phylum | apicomplexa |
| cryptosporidium parvum: direct/indirect lc | direct |
| cryptosporidium parvum: repro product in feces | sporulated oocyst, infective |
| cryptosporidium parvum: age infected | most ocmmon in 5-12 week old pigs; can occur in nursing piglets |
| cryptosporidium parvum: clinical signs | diarrhea, ill thrift |
| cryptosporidium parvum: where are they found in pig | SI; live on surface of epithelial cells that line gut (microvillus) |
| cryptosporidium parvum: zoonotic? | possibly; other hosts - ruminants, horses humans |
| trichuris suis: phylum | nematode |
| trichuris suis: superfamily | trichuroidea |
| trichuris suis: geography | worldwid |
| trichuris suis: common name | whipworms |
| trichuris suis: location in host | cecum |
| trichuris suis: direct/indirect | direct |
| trichuris suis: repro product passed in feces | egg, single-celled |
| trichuris suis: infective stage | L1, embryonated egg; remain viable several years |
| trichuris suis: LC | single-celled egg passed; L1 ingested, gatches in SI, larve molt in mucosa to adult (4 molts) |
| trichuris suis: ppp | 6-7 weeks |
| trichuris suis: adult life span | 4-5 months |
| trichuris suis: clinical signs | req's large #s; diarrhea, anemia, anorexia; necrosis of caecal & LI mucosa; predisposed to other problems; signs 3 weeks after moving to infected premises (usually pasture); interferes w/growth; not a major pathogen |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: phylum | nematoda |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: superfamily | strongyloidea |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: geography | worldwide |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: where is it located in swine | LI |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: importance | nodules in intestinal wall; prevents use of intestine as sausage casing |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: direct/indirect LC | direct |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: repro product in feces | segmented eggs |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: LC | segmented eggs passed in feces, develop hatch, 2 molths in env't; L3 ingested, enter LI mucosa, nodule formation, emerge L4, molt to L5 in lumen |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: infective stage | L3 |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: how long do they spend in nodule | primary infections - 2 weeks; sensitized host - months |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: ppp | 40-50 days |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: clinical signs | normally no effect; decreased grwoth rates; amage w/larval-induced reaction in intestinal wall interfering w/digestion, necrotic enteritis |
| oesophagostomum dentatum, quadrispinulatum: diagnosis | fecal float; port mortem exam = nodules, adults; find eggs - incubate, distinguish from hyostrongylus rubidus |
| balantidium coli: phylum | ciliophora |
| balantidium coli: kingdom | protozoa |
| balantidium coli: geogrpahy | worldwide; very common |
| balantidium coli: where is it found in pig | colon, cecum |
| balantidium coli: 2 stages | trophozoite: covered with cilia; cyst: infective, env'tally resistant; macronucleus & micronucleus in both |
| balantidium coli: LC direct/indirect | direct |
| balantidium coli: how to trophozoites reproduce | binary fission/conjugation |
| balantidium coli: hosts | swine, man, primates, rarely dogs/cats |
| balantidium coli: pathology in swine | normally nonpathogenic; potentially zoonotic; trophozoite - penetrate tissue, ulcers (secondary invaders); watery/hemorrhagic diarrhea; colitis, edematous congested mucosa; stunting of grwoth |
| balantidium coli: pathology in man/primates | diarrhea, dysentery; lesions in intestine down to muscularis; uses dietary starch as food source |
| balantidium coli: control | sanitation |
| liver flukes? 2 species | fasciola hepatica, fascioloides magna |
| fasciola hepatica: common name | common liver fluke |
| fascioloides magna: common name | giant deer fluke |
| liver flukes: how common are they in swine | very rare, except feral pigs living in swamps |
| liver flukes: control | confine swine: prevent transmission; no effective drug approved for pigs |
| how is fascioloides magna infection similar to cattle? | no eggs released into bile duct |
| liver flukes: necropy findings | fasciola: within enlarged bile ducts; fascioloides: tracts of black pigment, flukes encapsulated in cysts |
| taenia hydatigena: class | cestoda |
| taenia hydatigena: what stage is in swine | larval sage only: cysticercus - translucent, fluid-filled cyst, single scolex |
| taenia hydatigena: geography | worldwide |
| taenia hydatigena: IH | pigs, ruminants |
| taenia hydatigena: DH | canine |
| taenia hydatigena: direct/indirect host | indirect |
| taenia hydatigena: LC | dog (DH) passes gravid seg in feces, rupture, release eggs (embryophores), ing by IH; onchospheres released in intestine, burrow through wall, carried to liver via portal system; enter peritoneal cavity, attach to mesentery, develop into cysticercus |
| taenia hydatigena: clinical signs | rarely any, if any, related to liver damage |
| taenia hydatigena: diagnosis | necropsy, identification of cysticercus in abdominal cavity |
| taenia hydatigena: treatment & control | no Tx for pig, treat dogs for adult tapeworms; avoid allowing pigs to eat infected dog feces |
| taenia hydatigena: importance | liver condemnation - economic loss |
| echinococcus granulosus: class | cestoda |
| echinococcus granulosus: stage in pigs? | larval only - hydatid cyst (opaque, think-walled, fluid-filled) may be sterile or contain protoscolices w/in brood capsules |
| echinococcus granulosus: IH | pigs, ruminants, horses, man |
| echinococcus granulosus: DH | canids only |
| echinococcus granulosus: LC direct/indirect | indirect |
| echinococcus granulosus: LC | eggs contain onchospheres, released from proglottids shed by dog; pig eats egg, onchosphere travels from SI via portal vein, hydatid cyst in liver or lung; dog infected by eating hydatid cyst |
| echinococcus granulosus: importance | liver condemnation; public health - eggs from canids can infect humans |
| echinococcus granulosus: clinical signs | related to space-occupying lesion of liver/lung |
| echinococcus granulosus: treatment, control | don't let swine or other IH eat dog feces; sanitation, clean up dog feces; deep dogs uninfected - limit access to infected meat |
| metastrongylus spp: phylum | nematoda |
| metastrongylus spp: superfamily | metastrongyloidea |
| metastrongylus spp: geography | worldwide |
| metastrongylus spp: common name | lungworms |
| metastrongylus spp: repro produced by female | embryonated eggs |
| metastrongylus spp: LC direct/indirect | indirect |
| metastrongylus spp: LC | larvated eggs passed in feces, ingested by earthworm, L3 develop, pig ingests worm, lymphatic tracheal migration, adults in bronchi/bronchioles; eggs coughed up, swallowed, shed |
| metastrongylus spp: IH | earthworm |
| metastrongylus spp: infective stage | L3 in earthworm |
| metastrongylus spp: ppp | 4 weeks |
| metastrongylus spp: clinical signs | respiratory signs, pulmonary exudate/inflammation; consolidation of lungs from infiltrate, lymphoid hyperplasia, vesicular emphysema, cough (all progressive); usually almost asymptomatic |
| metastrongylus spp: age usually affected | young pigs |
| metastrongylus spp: diagnosis | larvated eggs after 3-4 wks PI; cough; metastrongyloidea in other hosts pass L1 larvae; post mortem exam |
| metastrongylus spp: treatment, control | do not allow pigs to contact soil |
| metastrongylus spp: importance | assoc w/other respiratory diseases; vector for swine influenza; enhances pathogenicity of most respiratory agents; interfere w/growth & feed conversion |
| stephanurus dentatus: phylum | nematoda |
| stephanurus dentatus: superfamily | strongyloidea |
| stephanurus dentatus: common name | swine kidney worm |
| stephanurus dentatus: what type of swine is mainly affected | feral swine |
| stephanurus dentatus: geography | N/A america; asea, ussr, s africa, australia |
| stephanurus dentatus: location in host | perirenal fat, liver, abdominal cavity; can be found in spinal canal or abscessed lesions in spleen, lung, pancreas, loin m |
| stephanurus dentatus: LC direct/indirect | direct |
| stephanurus dentatus: infective stage | L3 |
| stephanurus dentatus: transmission | orally, percutaneously, paratenic host (earthworm) |
| stephanurus dentatus: problem w/migrating larava | may enter pregnant uterus & cause prenatal infection |
| stephanurus dentatus: migration to liver with oral transmission | gastric mucosa (molt to L4), intestine - hepatic portal vein - liver |
| stephanurus dentatus: migratino to liver with percutaneous transmission | molt to L4 - skin - venous syst - heart - lungs - heart - aorta - liver |
| stephanurus dentatus: LC - liver+ | L4 wanders in liver (3-9 mo's), penetrate capsule, wander in peritoneal cavity to perirenal area, molt to L5; develop in cysts w/connecting channels to lumen of ureter, release eggs, shed in urine |
| stephanurus dentatus: ppp | 9-16 months |
| stephanurus dentatus: clinical signs | often related to aberrant migrations: spinal cord (paralysis), loin mm (abscesses), lungs, spleen, pancreas; liver damage, obstruction of portan vein, cirrhosis; reduced growth rate, anorexia, emaciation |
| stephanurus dentatus: diagnosis | clinical signs; eggs in urine; post mortem; feral pigs - posterior paralysis |
| stephanurus dentatus: control | breed gilts only, slaughter after 1st litter is weaned = no contamination of pasture; larvae in pastures viable 3-5 months; larvae in earthworms viable many months - pastures = continual source of infection; wash floor; confinement rearing |
| trichinella spiralis: phylum | nematoda |
| trichinella spiralis: superfamily | trichuroidea |
| trichinella spiralis: geography | worldwide |
| trichinella spiralis: where are the adults found in swine? | small intestine; rarely seen |
| trichinella spiralis: diagnostic stage | encysted larvae; in straited muscles |
| trichinella spiralis: hosts | most mammals (carnivores & cannibals) |
| trichinella spiralis: females vivi or oviparous | viviparous |
| trichinella spiralis: importance | potential public health problem |
| trichinella spiralis: direct/indirect life cycle | direct |
| trichinella spiralis: LC | L1 encapsulated in striated m, ingested by carnivore, grow to adult in SI, F moves to mucosa, lay L1, carried to mm, encapsulation |
| trichinella spiralis: how long do adults survive in SI | 6 weeks |
| trichinella spiralis: life cycle length | 7 weeks |
| trichinella spiralis: how long can larvae survive in muscle | years |
| trichinella spiralis: epidemiology | uncooked garbage important source; cannibalism; rats are reservoir; sylvatic cycles |
| trichinella spiralis: clinical signs in swine | none |
| trichinella spiralis: clinical signs in humans | enteritis, vomiting; edema, headache, photophobia, eosinophilia; muscular pain, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis; can be fatal |
| trichinella spiralis: Dx | serology, trichiniscope |
| trichinella spiralis: control / treatment | adult susceptible to most anthelminics; time temperature tables for cooking/drying/freezing to kill larvae; rid premise of rats; prevent canibalism |
| taenia solium: class | cestoda |
| taenia solium: order | cyclophylidea |
| taenia solium: phylum | platyhelminthes |
| taenia solium: life cycle direct/indirect | indirect |
| taenia solium: DH | man (adult in SI) |
| taenia solium: IH | swine (cysticercus in muscle) |
| taenia solium: aberrant IH | man & other hosts - have cysticercus in tussues, often in CNS |
| taenia solium: geography | worldwide |
| taenia solium: common name | pearly pork, pork measles |
| taenia solium: what stage is in swine | larval only (cysticercus) - small, translucent, fluid-filled cyst, single scolex |
| taenia solium: LC | eggs/proglottid ingested by pig; onchosphere released in pig intestine, burrow through wall -> blood -> muscle; cysticercus in m (jaw, tongue, heart, diaphragm); human ingests infected meat - develop to adult in SI |
| taenia solium: public health importance | human can be IH if eggs ar eingested; aberrant migration of cysticercus to CNS = neurocysticercosis |
| taenia solium: clinical signs | none in pig; CNS disturbance in man, fatal; mild to intermittent digestive disorders (adult worm in SI of infected human) |
| taenia solium: control | modern toilets, wash hands; cook pork thoroghly; wash cooking utensils |
| Spirometra mansonoides: class | cestoda |
| Spirometra mansonoides: order | pseudophylidea |
| Spirometra mansonoides: phylum | platyhelminthes |
| Spirometra mansonoides: shapes of segments | mature & gravid segmentsw wider than long |
| Spirometra mansonoides: what is on scolex | 2 elongate grooves (bothria), organs of attachment |
| Spirometra mansonoides: LC direct/indirect | indirect |
| Spirometra mansonoides: DH | felid, canid, raccoon; |
| Spirometra mansonoides: common name | bob cat tapeworm |
| Spirometra mansonoides: where is it found in DH | SI |
| Spirometra mansonoides: IH | first: copepods (procercoid larval stage); 2nd: amphibians, reptile, swine, human, rodetns (plerocercoid larval stage) |
| Spirometra mansonoides: PH | frogs, snakes, swine, humans; infected with plerocercoid aquired from 2nd IH |
| Spirometra mansonoides: plerocercoid | sparganum; white ribbon-like larvae; coiled in nodules in subQ tissue & muscle fascial planes & peritoneal cavity |
| Spirometra mansonoides: disease in humans | sparganosis |
| Spirometra mansonoides: how ar ehumans infected | drinking water containing infected copepods, eating uncooked plerocercoides or penetration of mucus membranes wounds by plerocercoids |
| Spirometra mansonoides: LC | egg passed in feces of DH; hatch in water, rlease ciliated coracidium, ingested by copepods, Cyclops; procercoid develops in Cyclops, vertebrate host consumes cyclops; plerocercoid develops in 2nd IH, infective to PH or DH; develop to adult in SI of DH |
| Spirometra mansonoides: public health | humans get sparganosis if ingest poorkly cooked meat; most plerocercoids found subcutaneous but can also be in abdominal cavity; found in high % feral pigs slaughtered for export in FL, TX |
| sarcocystitis: kingdom | protozoa |
| sarcocystitis: phylum | apicomplexa |
| sarcocystitis: LC direct/indirect | indirect |
| sarcocystitis mieschariana: DH/IH | DH canid, raccoon; IH swine |
| sarcocystitis porcifelis: DH/IH | DH cat, IH swine |
| sarcocystitis suihominis: DH/IH | DH man/primates, IH swine |
| sarcocystitis: what stage is found in endothelial cells of swine? | meronts, rarely |
| sarcocystitis: what stage is found in muscle of IH | cysts containing bradyzoites |
| sarcocystitis: infective stage | mature cysts (ifective to DH) |
| sarcocystitis: life cycle | DH infected by ingesting cysts from IH muscle; intestinal tract of DH - gametogony, syngamy, sporogony; oocyst wall ruptures - release sporocysts, ingested by IH, merogony in vasc endoth, reach m & form cysts (bradyzoites in cyst) |
| sarcocystitis: clinical signs | rarely seen in pigs; abortions, poor grwoth rate; diarrhea in man |
| sarcocystitis: Dx | post mortem, histopath |
| sarcocystitis: control | prevent cats/dogs/ppl from defecating around pig feed |
| toxoplasma gondii: kingdom | protozoa |
| toxoplasma gondii: phylum | apicomplexa |
| toxoplasma gondii: indirect/direct LC | indirect |
| toxoplasma gondii: DH | cat; only host which produces oocysts |
| toxoplasma gondii: IH | rodents, swine, ruminant, man, many mammals/birds |
| toxoplasma gondii: stages in swine | tachyzoites, bradyzoites (cyst stage) |
| toxoplasma gondii: how serious is it in swine | not very serious pathogen |
| toxoplasma gondii: transmission to swine | IH infected by ingestion of oocysts, ingestion of cysts from tissue of other infected IH |
| toxoplasma gondii: public health | zoites in tissues; pork may be most common source of human infection in US |
| toxoplasma gondii: control | cook pork well; wash hands & cooking utensils |
| sarcoptes scabiei: species | astigmatid mite (deep burrowing) |
| sarcoptes scabiei: etiologic agent of what? | sarcoptic mange |
| sarcoptes scabiei: which stages on host | all stages |
| sarcoptes scabiei: LC | F tunnel into epidermis, deposit eggs; eggs hatch, larvae move to skin surface, develop to nymph, adult, mate |
| sarcoptes scabiei: length of cycle | 2 weeks |
| sarcoptes scabiei: how is it spread | direct contact |
| sarcoptes scabiei: cna it survive off host | <2 days |
| sarcoptes scabiei: how does it spread amongst pigs? | direct contact; ocmmonly sow to piglets |
| sarcoptes scabiei: zoonotic? | potbellied pigs & owners may share infestation |
| sarcoptes scabiei: pathology | digestive enzymes used to liquefy host skin = hypsersensitivity, pruritus, self-mutilation; skin thickened/scab/crack; secondary bacterial dermatitis; does NOT self-cure; reduce growth, feed efficiency |
| sarcoptes scabiei: site of predilection on host | ear; may progress over rest of body |
| sarcoptes scabiei: diagnosis | skin scraping: edge of several active lesions, draw capillary blood, oil to keep material together, get sufficient material |
| sarcoptes scabiei: treatment/control | isolation, drugs, treat sow before farrowing & keep piglets isolated; once eliminated from herd, quarantine all new pigs |
| demodex phylloides: species | prostigmatid mite |
| demodex phylloides: where does it live | hair follicles, sebaceous glands |
| demodex phylloides: # legs on nymph/adult/larvae | nymph/adults: 4 pair; larvae: 3 pair |
| demodex phylloides: what stages on host | all stages |
| demodex phylloides: life cycle | live in collicles (generation pd 3 wks); initially lives on face, then lesions appear on abdomen & groin |
| demodex phylloides: pathology | pustules; no marked pruritus or other serious affliction |
| demodex phylloides: Dx | finding typical Demodex mites in material expressed from nodules |
| demodex phylloides: importance | only a small % of pigs have nodules; these should be considered immunodeficient & slaughtered |
| hematopinus suis: species | louse (sucking louse) |
| hematopinus suis: common name | hog louse |
| hematopinus suis: life cycle | eggs attached to base of bristles, nymphs hatch & molt 3 times; adult lays eggs (generation pd 4-5 wks) |
| hematopinus suis: how does it do off host | cannot live & reproduce off host |
| hematopinus suis: how is it spred | DC |
| hematopinus suis: zoonotic? | more likely than other lice to be temporary zoonosis |
| hematopinus suis: pathology | frequent blood feeders; self-mutilation; lose condition; suspect as vectors of swine pox & eperythrozoonosis (Mycoplasma haemosuis) |
| hematopinus suis: where is it found on host | ears, neck, tail base, groin, axilla |
| hematopinus suis: control | ivermectin; sprays need to treat every inch of skin surface; otehr drugs |
| tunga penetrans: species | siphonaptera (flea); burrowing |
| tunga penetrans: geography | torpical america, africa |
| tunga penetrans: common name | jigger, chigoe |
| tunga penetrans: where is it found on body | female penetrates under skin of feet of pigs & people |
| tunga penetrans: importance | secondary infectious agents may cause damage, gangrene, mastitis |
| pulex spp: species | siphonaptera (flea) |
| pulex spp: importance | transmission of disease-causing agents such as plague to swine/in contact mammals? |
| diptera: species | flies |
| diptera: specific spp of importance | stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly), musca domestica (house fly), tabanus spp (horse fly), chrysops spp (deer fly), mosquitoes, simulium spp (black fly) |
| diptera: LC | complete metamorphosis; egg - larva - pupa - adult |
| diptera: where does stomoxys breed | decaying organic material |
| diptera: where does musca breed | decaying organic material |
| diptera: where does tabanus breed | moist soil |
| diptera: where does chrysops breed | moist soil |
| diptera: where do mosquitoes breed | water |
| diptera: where do simulium breed | water |
| diptera: what do they feed on | blood (all except musca) |
| diptera: pathology | annoyance; disrupt feeding, reduce weight gain, allergic reacion; disease transmission - eperythrozoonosis Mycoplasma haemosuis |
| diptera: disease transmittd | mycoplasma haemosuis |
| diptera: control | remove breeding area, wet feed, manure, standing water; enclose animals in screened housing; space & residual sprays of insecticide |
Created by:
shelbell8389
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