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Cardio Diseases
VT145
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tachycardia | Abnormally Fast HR |
| Bradycardia | Abnormally Slow HR |
| Cardiomegaly | Abnormally Large Heart |
| Microcardia | Abnormally Small Heart |
| Syncope | Collapse due to porr CO |
| Dyspnea | Abnormal respiration |
| Orthopnea | Difficulty breathing while laying down |
| Pulmonary Edema | Accumulation of fluid in the air-spaces of the lungs. |
| Pleural Effusion | Accumulation of fluid outside of lungs, between the chest wall and lungs. |
| Digoxin | Increase contractility, (+ inotrope) increase cardiac output, diuresis, brady cardic. |
| Enalapril | ACE Inhibitor and Vasodilator |
| Furosemide | LASIX, Loop diuretic |
| Propanolol | Beta-blocker (a dtug used to decrease sympathetic effects), decreases myocardial O2 demand, and decreases HR |
| Sotalol | Beta-blocker and antiarrhythmic |
| Diltiazem | Ca2+ channel blocker, decreases contractility, reduces BP and afterload |
| Lidocaine | Used to treat V Tach and V Fib |
| Atropine | Blocks action of parasympathetic nervous system. Used shor term for bradycardia. Stableizer. |
| Glycopyrrolate | Blocks action of parasympathetic nervous system. Used short term for bradycardia. Stableizer. |
| Immiticide | Kills adult Heartworms. Melarsomine dihydrochloride. |
| Echocardiogram | Ultrasound "sonogram" of heart +/- doppler. |
| Cardiomyopathy | A disease of the muscle part of the heart. |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | Aquired disease that results in thin, flabby, poorly contractile heart muscle and an enlarged lumen (chamber). Highest Rate: Older, giant breed dogs! (Dobies) |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Left ventricle hypertrophies. (Grows really thick and makes lumen really small) |
| Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy | "Boxer Cardiomyopathy" Right heart enlargement and right heart failure May hear a murmur. |
| Right Heart Failure | Right side of the heart does not function correctly, blood will be backed up in the venous system of the body. |
| Left Heart Failure | Left side of the heart does not function correctly, blood will back up in the lungs, causing pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary edema. |
| Mitral Valve | Left AV Valve |
| Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency | CMVI - Endocardiosis Most common in small/toy breed old dogs Most common heart disease in dogs AV Valve has defective connection tissue. |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | PDA DA that is not closed after birth "3 knuckles" left auricle |
| Subaortic Stenosis | SAS Large-breed dogs, develops after birth, endocardium thickens right below aortic valve. Obstruction leads to LV & LA hypertrophy, aortic dilation, LCHF |
| Persistant Right Aortic Arch | PRAA Normally gores away during fetal development, if it persists, wraps around esophagus and causes reguritation |
| Atrial Septal Defect | ASD (Patent Foramen Ovale) Blood shunts from L to R, causing R heart overload. Normally, foramen ovale closes just after birth. |
| Ventricular Septal Defect | VSD Blood shuts from R to L, causing LH overload |
| Teratology of Fallot | A collection of defects: Pulmonic Stenosis RHCM VSD Over-riding Aorta |
| Valvular Dysplasia | Abnormal connective tissue that degenerates with age |
| Diaphragmatic Hernia | Can be congenital or acquired |
| Pulmonic Stenosis | PS Abnormal pulmonic valve |
| Thromboembolism | Blood clot |
| Atrial Fibrillation | A Fib Also known as supraventricular arrhythmia. Large dogs and horses. Low CO, syncope, tachycardia with arrhythmia |
| Ventricular Tachycardia | V Tach Usually associated with heart disease or electrolyte abnormalities Decreases CO, can lead to VFib and death. |
| Sinus Arrhythmia | NORMAL!! (Except in cats) Caused by respiration. a regularly irregular arrhythmia. |
| Sinus Bradycardia | seen in large breed dogs, athletes, brain swelling, hyperkalemia, hyperthyroidism. Can use Atropine or Glycopyrrolate |
| Premature Ventricular Contractions | PVC The ventricle is contracting faster than the SA node is firing Leads to VTach |
| Pericardial Effusion | Fluid in the sac (pericardium) that covers the heart. Either blood or clear fluid. |
| Natural Pacemaker | SA Node |
| Artificial Pacemaker | A small unit placed under the skin that creates an electrical impulse in the RA |
| Stroke Volume | SV Volume of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction |
| Cardiac Output | CO SV x HR |
| Afterload | Amount of blood in heart after each contraction (in diastole) |
| Fibrillation | Uncoordinated electrical impulses leading to uncoordinated contraction |
| CHF | Congested Heart Failure |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the lining of the chambers of the heart |
| Heartworm Disease | Dirofilaria immitis |
Created by:
kelseylink
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