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Vt 108 quiz
Question | Answer |
---|---|
smooth muscle | muscles found all over the body such as eyes, lungs, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder |
skeletal muscle | voluntary movement of the bones so the animal can move around |
cardiac muscle | the heart |
what is muscle used for? | movement, contraction, protection, maintaining strength |
tendon | muscle to bone |
ligament | bone to bone |
origin of muscle | area that moves the least at attached sight of muscle (proximal) |
insertion of muscle | area that moves the most at attached sight of muscle (distal) |
agonist | moves the muscle |
antagonist | pulls against the muscle |
what is one of the best healing tissues in the body? | bone |
what is crucial for healing bone? | time, alignment, immobilization |
external fixations | splints and casts |
internal fixations | wires, pines, screws, plates |
what effects the speed of healing? | species, age, physical condition, size |
osteoblasts | healing/growing bone tissue |
osteoclasts | eat away bone tissue |
callus | osteoblasts from the area of forming healing tissue |
smaller callus means... | less movement between fractured fragments |
bigger callus means... | more movement between fractured fragments |
True or false: smaller callus heals quicker | True |
navicular disease | when bone begins to undergo chronic, painful degeneration |
the distal sesamoid bone is also called the... | navicular bone |
True or false: navicular disease is normally 100% curable | False |
What can be done to help navicular disease? | hoof triming, shoeing, and drug therapy |
hip dysplasia | the abnormal looseness or laxity of the hip joints |
What can cause hip dysplasia? | overnutrition leading to rapid growth, exercise, genetic factors |
True or false: Hip dysplasia can be hereditery? | True |
what would be proper treatment for hip dysplasia? | weight reduction, restriction of exercise, antiinflammatory drugs, variety of surgical procedures |
True or false: Calcium helps prevent clotting | True |
Main function of bones areā¦. | Support, leverage, protection, blood cell formation |
Hematophoiesis | produces red blood cells |
Where is hematophoiesis located? | the spongy bone |
Examples of irregular bone | vertebra, sesamoids, patella |
What is long bone made of? | Cancellous covered by compact bone |
What is short bone made of? | Spongy covered by thin compact |
What is flat bone made of? | Spongy covered by compact bone |
Articular surface | where bones come in contact with each other to form joints |
Diaphysis | mid portion of long bone |
Epiphysis | ends of long bone |
Periosteum | layer around bone (fibrous membrane ) |
Endosteum | lines medullary cavity |
Epiphyseal plate | growth plate in long bones |
True or false: An epiphyseal line means the bone is still growing | False |
True or false: in a developing fetus cartiledge comes before bone | True |
Ossification | hardening of bone |
Fracture | Any kind of break in the bone |
Simple fracture | a break in the bone contained within the tissue |
Compound fracture | a break in the bone protruding through the skin |
Fissured fracture | incomplete break (crack) |
Greenstick fracture | incomplete break on one side |
Transverse fracture | complete break, straight through the bone |
Comminuted fracture | complete break, numerous bone fragments |
Oblique fracture | complete break diagonally |
Slab | a piece of bone is pulled off |
Exostoses | excess bone formation |
Non-union | when bones don't come together |
arthro- | refers to joints |
Example of an immoveable joints | skull |
Slighty moveable joints | vertebra and mandible |
Freely moveable | Stifle joint, hip joint |
True or false: Joint capsule keeps two ends of bones held together | True |
Inter synovial membrane | Secrets fluid |
Outer synovial membrane | lubricates and provides nutrients from cartiledge |
Arthritis | inflammation of joint |
Luxation | usually through trauma, is a dislocated joint |
Subluxation | partial dislocation |
Joint ill | infection through umbilical cord |
Intra capsular ligaments | ligaments in the joint |
Extra capsular ligaments | ligaments outside the joint |
Ankylosis | Fussion at the end of a bone and is no longer moveable |