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Mass Media Test 1
Mass Media Test 1 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movable Metal Type | Innovative metal alphabet that made the printing press an agent for mass communication |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Invented movable metal type in 1440 |
| Vellum | A treated animal skin used in early printing |
| Industrial Revolution | Use of machinery, notably steam-powered, that facilitated mass production beginning in 1700-1800 |
| Pulp Fiction | Derisive term for cheap novels |
| Richard Hoe | Perfected rotary press 1840 |
| Omar Mergenthaler | Invented Linotype typesetting machine 1886 |
| Linotype | Complex machine with typewriter-like keyboard to set type into line from molten lead |
| Frederick Ives | Invented halftone in 1876 |
| Halftone | Reproduction of an image in which the various tones of gray or color produced by various sized dots of ink |
| Steve Horgan | Adapted halftone technology for high speed newspaper presses |
| National Geographic | Pioneer magazine in using visuals |
| Henry Luce | Magazine innovator whose Life exploited photographs for their visual impact |
| Joseph Niepce | Preserved a visual image on light-sensitive material |
| Matthew Brady | Created photographic record of U.S. Civil War |
| Laurens Hammond | First 3D movie Radio-Man 1922 |
| Stereoscopy | Early 3D technology that flashed two slightly offset images simultaneously one for the right eye, one for the left |
| Persistence of Vision | Fast changing still photos create the illusion of movements |
| William Dickson | Developed first movie camera |
| George Eastman | Developed celluloid film |
| Lumiere Brothers | Opened first motion picture exhibition hall |
| Phonograph | First sound recording and playback machine |
| Thomas Edison | Inventor of Phonograph |
| Emile Berliner | Inventor of process for mass production of record music |
| Joseph Maxfield | Introduced electrical sound recording 1920 |
| Telegraph | Electricity enabled long distance communication |
| Samuel Morse | Inventor of telegraph |
| Heinrich Hertz | Demonstrated existence of radio waves 1887 |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Transmitted 1st wireless message 1895 |
| Philo Farnsworth | Inventor of television |
| Image Dissector | 1st device in early television technology |
| Geosynchronous Orbit | A satellite's period of rotation that coincides perfectly with Earth's rotation |
| Arthur C. Clarke | Devised the concept of satellites in geosynchronous orbits for communication |
| Telstar | 1st communication satellite |
| Uplink | A group station that beams a signal to an orbiting communication satellite |
| Downlink | A ground station tat receives a re-layed signal from a communication satellite |
| Landline | Conventional telecommunications connected by cable laid across land |
| Ed Parsons | Built 1st community antenna television system |
| Cable Television | Television transmission system using cable rather than an over air broadcast signal |
| Internet | High capacity global telephone network that links computers |
| Digital | Technology through which media messages are coded into 1s and 0s for delivery transmission and then decoded into their original appearance |
| Media Convergence | Melding of print, electronic, and photographic media into digitized form |
| Tim Berners-Lee | Created hypertext markup language and world wide web |
| App | Small software program, usually for mobile devices, for a narrowly defined use |
| Cloud Computing | Provides access to databases through seamless on-demand downloading rather than storing on personal computer |
| Harold Lasswell | Devised the narrative communication model |
| Channel | Medium through which a message is sent to a mass audience |
| Effect | The consequence of a message |
| Amplification | Giving a message a larger audience |
| Gatekeepers | Media people who influence messages en route |
| Regulators | Non-media people who influence messages |
| Noise | Impediment to communication before a message reaches a receiver, multiple forms: semantic, channel, environmental |
| Filter | Receiver factor that impedes communication in various types, informational, psychological, physical |
| Wikipedia | User created and edited encyclopedia |
| Benjamin Day | Published the New York Sun |
| Penny Papers | Affordable newspapers introduced in 1833 created unprecedented mass audience |
| Business Model | A design operating a business, identifying revenue sources, customer base, products, financing |
| Publisher | Magazine or newspaper proprietor |
| News-Editoral | Newspaper staff component that produces news, amusement and opinion content |
| Editor | Manager who is responsible for news media content |
| Benjamin Franklin | created 1st newspaper chain |
| Chain Newspaper | Owned by a company that owns other newspapers elsewhere |
| William Randolph Hearst | Publisher of New York Journal, other major dailies in the yellow period |
| Market Penetration | Sales per capita |
| Paywall | Block access to a website content unless a payment is made |
| William Tweed | Corrupt politician exposed by the New York Times |
| George Jones | Jew York Times reporter who pursued Tammany Hall Scandall |
| Sullivan Decision | Landmark libel case in which New York Times argued for unfettered reporting of public officials |
| Pentagon Papers | Secret government generated vietnam war military documents revealed by New York Times |
| Barney Kilgore | Revamped concept of Wall Street Journal 1940 |
| Rupert Murdoch | Founder of global media conglomerate News Corporation |
| Daniel Defoe | His 1704 weekly review established magazines as forum for ideas |
| Highbrow Slicks | Magazines whose content has intellectual appeal |
| Literati | Well-educated people interested in literature and cerebral issues |
| Muckraking | 1990s term for investigating reporting |
| Ida Tarbell | Exposed standard oil monopolistic practices in 1902 magazine series |
| Lincoln Steffens | Exposed municipal corruption |
| Upton Sinclair | Exposed bad meat-packing practices |
| Personality Profile | In depth, balanced biographical article |
| Hugh Hefner | Playboy editor who created Q-A |
| Henry Luce | Magazine empire included Time, Life, Sports Illustrated, Fortune |
| Demassification | Process of media narrowing focus to audience niches |
| Business to Influentials (B to I) | Business model with advertising aimed at creating sales indirectly by reaching influential audiences |
| Michael Kinsley | Founding editor of Slate magazine as well as editor for the New Reputlic and numerous other publications |
| Slate | Online magazine of news, politics, and culture |
| Jeff Bezos | Founder of Amazon.com |
| Reference Books | Compliations, including encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases |
| Textbooks | Curriculum- related titles for learning and understanding |
| Trade Books | General interest titles including fiction and non-fiction |
| e-books | digital files of books, content that are stored, searched, sampled, downloaded and paid for online for use on computer, dedicated readers or cell phone |
| e-reader | Portable electronic device for on-screen reading of books |
| Harry Potter effect | Impact of a single best selling book |
| Aliterate | A nonreader who can read but doesn't |
| CATV | Community Antenna Television |
| CPM | Cost per thousand |
| Capitalism | An economic system with private owners operating trade and industry for profit |
| Venture Capitalists | Investors who take substantial risk, typically in a new or expanding business |
| Dot-Com Bubble | Highly speculative investments in internet companies 1995-2000 |
| Dot-Com Bust | Sudden collapse of value in internet companies 2005 |
| Frank Gannett | Founder of Gannett media corporation |
| Conglomeration | Process of companies being brought into common ownership but remaining distinct entities |
| Mary Baker Eddy | Founded in christian science monitor in 1908 |
| Christian Science Monitor | National daily newspaper sponsored by the christian science church |
| Community Foundation | Nonporfit entity to promote good in a community; generally supported by donations |
| Cooperative | An organization owned and run jointly by members that share profits or benefits |
| Associated Press | Worlds largest news gathering organization; a nonprofit and a cooperative owned by member newspapers |
| Death Tax | A tax on inheritances |
| 1789 Postal Act | Provided government discounts for mailing newspapers |
| Scarcity Model | Too few resources for demand |
| 1927 Federal Radio Act | Created a government agency to license radio stations |
| Marketplace Model | Supply and demand determines the enterprises that remain in business |
| Newspaper Preservation Act | 1970 federal law for exception from antitrust laws for local newspapers that combine all by news editorial operations |
| Joint Operating Agreements (JOA's) | Combination under federal law of production, distribution, advertising and business operations of competing newspapers |
| Legals | Paid advertising required by law, usually verbatim government documents |
| Philanthropy | Generous donation for good causes |
| Underwriting | On-air acknowledgements of non-commercial broadcast sponsors |
| Micropayment | A small sum generally billed with related charges, often on a credit card |
| Auxiliary Enterprise | A business sideline that generates revenue |
| Oligopoly | An industry in which a few companies dominate production, distribution |
| Monopoly | Single company dominates production, distribution in any industry, either nationally or locally |
| Trade Groups | Organization created by related endeavors sometimes competitors to pursue mutual goals |
| Andy Grove | Theorist on gentrification in industries |
| Astroturfing | Political activism designated to appear as "grassroots" but actually part of an organized campaign |
| War of the Worlds | Novel that inspired a radio drama that became the test bed of the media's ability to instill panic |
| Orson Welles | His radio drama cast doubt on powerful effects theory |
| Powerful Effects Theory | Theory that media have immediate, direct influence |
| Walter Lippmann | His Public Opinion assumed powerful media effects in 1920s |
| Harold Lasswell | His mass communication model assumed powerful effects |
| Bullet Model | Another name for the overrated powerful effects theory |
| Third-Person Effect | One person overestimating the effect of media messages on the other people |
| W.P. Davison | Scholar who devised third-person effect theory |
| Paul Lazarsfeld | Found voters are the most influenced by other people than by mass media |
| Minimalist Effect Theory | Theory that media effects are mostly indirect |
| Two-Step Flow | Media affects individuals through opinion leaders |
| Multistep Flow | Media affects individuals through complex interpersonal connections |
| Status Conferral | Media attention enhances attention given to people, subjects, issues |
| Agenda-Setting | Media tell people what to think about, not what to think |
| Maxwell McCombs and Don Shaw | Articulated agenda-setting theory |
| Narcoticizing Dysfunctional | People deceive themselves into believing they're involved when actually they're only informed |
| Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann | Leading cumulative effects theorist |
| Cumulative Effects Theory | Theory that media influence is gradual over time |
| Spiral of Silence | Vocal majority intimidates others into silence |
| Socialization | Learning to fit into society |
| Prosocial | Socialization perpetuates positive values |
| Joshua Meyrowiz | Noted that media have reduced generational and gender barriers |
| Role Modeling | Basis for imitative behavior |
| Stereotyping | Using broad strokes to facilitate storytelling |
| Historical Transmission | Communication of cultural values to later generations |
| Contemporary Transmission | Communication of cultural values to different cultures |
| Diffusion of Innovations | Process through which news, ideas, values and information spread |
| Cultural Imperialism | One culture's dominance over another |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian psychiatrist who theorized that the human mind is unconscious susceptible to suggestion |
| Ernest Dichter | Pioneered motivational research |
| Motivational Research | Seeks subconscious appeals that can be used in advertising |
| Jim Vicary | Made dubious subliminal advertising claims |
| Subliminal Message | Cannot be consciously perceived |
| Subception | Receiving subconscious messages that trigger behavior |
| Observational Learning | Theory that people learn behaior by seeing it in real life, in depictions |
| Cathartic Effect | People release violent inclinations by seeing them portrayed |
| Aristotle | Defended portrayals of violence |
| Seymour Freshbach | Found evidence for media violence as a release |
| Aggressive Stimulation | Theory that people are inspired to violence by media depictions |
| Bobo Doll Studies | Kids seemed more violent after seeing violence in movies |
| Albert Bandura | Found that media violence stimulated aggression in children |
| Catalytic Theory | Media violence is among factors that sometimes contribute to real-life violence |
| Wilbur Schramm | Concluded that television has minimal effect on children |
| George Gerbner | Speculated that democracy is endangered by media violence |
| Desensitizing Theory | Tolerance of real-life violence grows because of media-depicted violences |
| Violence Assessment Monitoring Project | Conducted contextual nonviolence studies and found less serious media depictions than earlier thought |
| William McQuire | Found most media violence research flawed |
| Mass Media | Strictly speaking, ---- ---- are the vehicles through which messages are disseminated to mass audiences. The term is also used for industries built on --- ---- |
| Media Multitasking | Simultaneous exposure to messages from different media |
| Mass Communication | Technology-enabled process by which messages are sent to large, faraway audiences |
| Symbiosis | Mutually advantageous relationship |
| Interpersonal Communication | Between two individuals, although sometimes a small group, usually face to face |
| Group Communication | An audience of more than one, all within earshot |
| Feedback | Response to a message |
| Industrial Communication | Synonyms for mass communication that points up industrial-scale technology that underlies the mass communication process |
| Social Media | Internet-based communication platforms for the interactive exchange of user-generated content |
| Linguistic Literacy | Competencies with a written and spoken language |
| Visual Literacy | A competency at deciphering meaning from images |
| John Debes | Introduced term visual literacy in 1969 |
| Scott McCloud | Comic book author who refined understandings about media literacy |
| Film Literacy | Competences to assess messages in motion media, such as movies, television and video |
| Media Literacy | Competences that enable people to analyze and evaluate media messages and also to create effective messages for mediated delivery |
| Marketplace of Ideas | The concept that a robust exchange of ideas, with none barred, yields better consensus |
| Demassification | Media's focus on narrower audience segments |
| Sub-Mass Audience | A section of the largest mass audience, with niche interests |
| Narrowcasting | Seeking niche audiences, as opposed to broadcasting's traditional audience-building concept |
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Meg0301
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