In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Approximately what percentage of DVTs are associated with pulmonary embolism?Answer: 50% Question: What is the of an extremitiy with an arterial thrombosis?Answer: Extremities are blue, cold, and . Question: What type of clot is rich and white in appearance?Answer: thromi Question: (T or F) Methylene reductase results in primary elevated homocysteine levels.Answer: True. Question: What are the antibodies?Answer: 1)Lupus anticoagulant 2)Prothrombin antibodies 3)Anti-cardiolipin antibodies 4)B2 Glycoprotein 1 Question: What are the clinical criteria for syndrome?Answer: 1)Vascular thrombosis (artieral or ) 2)Pregnancy complicatons Question: What are the criteria for Antiphospholipid syndrome?Answer: 1)Anti-cardiolipin (IgG or IgM) 2) Positive Lupus anticoagulant assay Question: What is the suggested evaluation for venous thromboembolism in a patient with no family or personal history?Answer: 1)Lupus and anticardiolipin Ab 2)Homocysteine level 3)Consider Factor V Leiden, Factor II mutation, Factor VIII level, Fibrinogen studies 3)Rule out estrogen and vasculitic risk factors Question: What is the evaluation for arterial thrombosis?Answer: 1)Lupus and anticardiolipin Ab 2)Homocysteine level 3)Lipid levels 4)Rule out estrogen and vasculitic risk factors Question: What are the indications for thromboytic therapy?Answer: 1)Acute myocardial infarctions 2)Acute peripheral arterial occlusive disease 3)Massive embolism associated with hemodynamic instability Question: What are the contraindications to therapy?Answer: 1)Major internal bleeding in the last 6 mo 2)Intracranial or intraspinal disease 3)Operation or biopsy in the preceding 10 days 4)HTN (sys >200, dia>110) 5)Active 6)Pericarditis 7)Aneurysm 8)Presence of bleeding disorder Question: What is the mechanism of ?Answer: Reversible Thrombin (FIIa) Inhibitor Question: What is the of Bivalirudin?Answer: Reversible Thrombin(IIa) Inhibitors Question: What is the of Lepirudin?Answer: Irreversible Direct Thrombin (IIa) Question: What pharmacologic agents are indirect Factor Xa ?Answer: 1)Heparin 2)Low Weight Heparin 3)Fondaparinux Question: Why does aPTT need to be before comparing from different clinical laboratories?Answer: 1)aPTT reagents differ in phospholipid content and contact activators 2)aPTT and heparin levels may be due to effects of plasma proteins Question: Factor Xa to IIa activity of unfractionated heparin vs. low molecular weight heparinAnswer: UFH= 1:1 vs. LMWH 4:1 - 2:1 (LMWH have less than 19 units therefore they lack thrombin inhibition) Question: What are the of LMWH?Answer: 1)Better predictability of anticoagulant effect at a given dose;therefore, less need for lab monitoring 2)Longer half-life 3)Less effect on the hemostatic properties of the endothelium and platelets perhaps accounting for less hemorrhagic potential Question: (T or F) LMWH never need .Answer: False. Patients with changing or decreased kidney function must be monitored. Also, very large or very small and pregnant may need dose adjustments Question: (T or F) LMWH is fully reversible with .Answer: False. LMWH is only reversible with protamine. Question: What is the half-life of ?Answer: Varies by dose (average is 1-2 ) Question: What is the half-life of LMWH?Answer: 4-6 Question: What is the half-life of (Arixtra)?Answer: 15-18 Question: What pharmalogical reverses the effects of heparin?Answer: Question: Are the anticoagulant effects of reversible?Answer: No Question: How is LMWH ?Answer: Question: How is fondaparinux ?Answer: Renally Question: How are the effects monitored by LMWH?Answer: Anti-Xa Question: How are the anticoagulant effects monitored by (Arixtra)?Answer: Anti-Xa Question: How is administered?Answer: IV or Question: How is LMWH ?Answer: SQ Question: How is fondaparinux ?Answer: SQ Question: What is the half-life of ?Answer: 39-51 Question: What is the half-life of ?Answer: 1.5 Question: What is the half-life of ?Answer: 25 Question: Are the anticoagulant effects of reversible?Answer: Question: Are the effects of Lepirudin reversible?Answer: Question: Are the anticoagulant of Bivalirudin reversible?Answer: Question: How is excreted?Answer: Metabolized by the Question: How is excreted?Answer: Question: How is Bivalirudin ?Answer: Question: How is administered?Answer: Question: How is administered?Answer: IV Question: How is Bivalirudin ?Answer: IV Question: What is the half-life of ?Answer: 36-42 Question: What are the complications of therapy?Answer: 1)Bleeding 2)Warfarin induced skin necrosis 3)Cholestatic 4)Nausea/vomiting 5)Alopecia 6)Mouth ulcers 7)Rash |
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