chapter 11 Word Scramble
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Chapter 11 | Respiratory system |
What is the respiratory system responsible for? | The exchange of gases between the body and the air, process called respiration |
In external respiration | oxygen is inhaled into the lungs(when you breathe in) and carbon dioxide is exhaled(when you breathe out) |
oxygen passes through | the capillaries of the lungs (alveoli) into the pulmonary blood stream, |
while carbon dioxide passes | from the blood through the same capillaries into the lungs is exhaled(as you breathe out) |
what are the organs of the respiratory system responsible for? | producing sound and assisting in the body's defense against foreign materials |
How does air enter the body? | through the nose and mouth |
Nostrils or Nares | are the entrance to the nose |
What are the nose and sinuses lined with? | a mucous membranes; cilia are the hairlike projections on the mucous membrane that sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination. |
Pharynx | (throat) is the airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx |
3 sections of the Pharynx | 1. nasopharynx, 2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx |
nasopharynx | upper portion located behind the nose |
oropharynx | middle portion located behind the mouth |
laryngopharynx | (hypopharynx) lower portion behind the larynx |
larynx | AKA: voice box |
what does the larynx connect? | the pharynx with the trachea |
what is the larynx supported by? | by nine cartilages, most prominent of which is the thyroid cartilage at the front that forms the Adam's Apple |
lungs | 2 cone-shaped, spongy organs (consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, elastic tissue and nerves) |
lobes | smaller divisions of the lungs; left lung has 2 lobes and right has 3 lobes |
pleura | double folded membrane that surrounds the lung |
parietal pleura | the outer layer of the pleura which lines the thoracic cavity EXTERNAL PLEURA |
visceral pleura | inner lining of the pleura which covers the lung INTERNAL PLEURA |
pleural space | small space between these membranes |
diaphragm | aids in the process of breathing |
phrenic nerves | process of breathing begins with these nerves; stimulates the diaphragm to contract and to relax; The motor nerves to the diaphragm. |
inspiration | inhalation; and expiration is exhalation |
inhalation | creates a decrease in the pressure within the thorax and draws air into the lungs |
exhalation | causes increase in pressure whithin the thorax which causes air to be forced out of the lungs |
adenoids | lymphatic tissue of the nasopharynx |
alveoli | air cells of the lungs; functional units of the lungs aka ( parenchyma) |
bronchi | 2 main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs |
bronchiole | smaller subdivisions of the bronchi tubes |
epiglottis | covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows |
larynx | the enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box |
nares | external nostrils |
nasopharynx | part of the pharynx located above the soft palate( post nasal space) |
oropharynx | central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis |
palatine tonsils | lympatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces(the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral pharynx) |
parietal pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs it is the external pleura |
pharynx | passageway for air from the nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves both the respiratoryand digestive systems, the throat |
pleura | double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity |
pleura space | the space that separates the visceral and parietal pleura, which contains fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration |
trachea | the windpipe that connects the oral cavity to the lungs; from the larynx to the bronchial tubes |
visceral pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs |
apnea | is a temporary cessation of breathing "without breathing" sleep apnea most common form |
bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
dyspnea | air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. SOB |
epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose,NOSEBLEED |
hypoxemia | insufficient oxygenation of the blood |
hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen |
rhinorrhea | is a thin, watery discharge from the nose; RUNNY NOSE |
sneeze | to expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth |
tachypnea | abnormal rapidity of breathing |
wheeze | whistling sound or sighing sound, OCCURS IN ASTHMA, CROUP, HAY FEVER, MITRAL STENOSIS, AND PLEURAL EFFUSION |
croup | a childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, suffocative and difficult breathing, stridor and laryngeal spasm ASSOCIATED W/ SCARLETT FEVER AND SCABIES |
laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx swallowing |
pertussis | an acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; WHOOPING COUGH |
rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
sinusitis | inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus |
tonsillitis | inflammation of the palatine tonsils; located in the area of the oropharynx |
asthma | dyspnea caused by aspasm of the bronchial tubes |
3 types of asthma | 1. exercise induced 2. allergy related chronic |
bronchogenic carcinoma | a malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer |
emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease; major cause is cigarette smoking; emphysema is a chronic obstruction of the inflow and outflow of air to the lungs |
pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
pleuritis (pleursy) | inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura |
pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants |
pneumothorax | a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. thoracentesis will remove excess fluid or gas from the cavity |
pulmonary embolism | the obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus(clot); most patients who die will do so in the first 2 hours after the embolism |
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant. |
tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by the tubercule bacillus and mycobacterium tuberculosis |
pulmonary function tests | tests to assess respiratory function |
thoracentesis | involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space |
ABGs | arterial blood gas(es)this is a blood test |
AP | anterposterior; meaning " from the front to the back" |
COPD | chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease (associated w/ chronic bronchitis and emphysema) |
CXR | chest x-ray |
DPT | diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus |
LLL | lower left lobe (of the lung) |
LUL | left upper lobe |
RLL | right lower lobe |
RUL | right upper lobe |
RML | right middle lobe |
PA | posteranterior; meaning back to front |
PCP | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
PFT(s) | pulmonary function test(s) |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
SOB | shortness of breath |
TB | tuberculosis |
URI | upper respiratory infection; (upper meaning and infection from the trachea up; lower being lungs, bronchi, bronchioles |
aden/o | gland |
-oid | resembling |
bronch/o | bronchus; airway |
-i | noun ending |
bronchi/o | bronchioles |
-ole | small or little |
laryng/o | larynx |
nas/o | nose |
pharyng/o | pharynx |
or/o | mouth |
pleur/o | pleura |
-a | noun ending |
-al | pertaining to |
trache/o | trachea |
viscer/o | internal organs |
orth/o | straight |
pne/o | breathing |
pneum/o | lung; air |
pneumon/o | lungs |
rhin/o | nose |
sinus/o | sinus |
thorac/o | chest |
trache/o | trachea |
a | without |
brady | slow |
dys | bad, painful, disordered, difficult |
hyp | under, below, beneath, less than normal |
ox/o | oxygen |
-emia | blood condition |
-ia | condition |
rhin/o | nose |
-rrhea | discharge, flow |
tachy | rapid |
tonsill/o | tonsils |
-genic | pertaining to formation; producing |
carcin/o | cancer |
-oma | tumor |
-thorax | chest |
-ary | pertaining to |
embol/i | to throw |
-ism | condtion |
pulmon/o | lung |
thor/a | chest |
-centesis | surgical puncture |
how does it all connect? | pharynx connects mouth and nose to larynx; larynx connects the pharynx with the trachea; trachea branches into 2 bronchi; bronchi lead to lungs 1 to each; bronchi branch into smaller tubes(bronchioles); at the end of the bronchioles is the alveoli |
Pertussis | can be prevented by immunization of infants beginning at 3 mos of age. This immunization is one of the components of DPT |
bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
newborn | baby that is 30 days old or less |
infant | baby that is 12 months to 3 months |
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