Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 11
respiratory system
| Chapter 11 | Respiratory system |
|---|---|
| What is the respiratory system responsible for? | The exchange of gases between the body and the air, process called respiration |
| In external respiration | oxygen is inhaled into the lungs(when you breathe in) and carbon dioxide is exhaled(when you breathe out) |
| oxygen passes through | the capillaries of the lungs (alveoli) into the pulmonary blood stream, |
| while carbon dioxide passes | from the blood through the same capillaries into the lungs is exhaled(as you breathe out) |
| what are the organs of the respiratory system responsible for? | producing sound and assisting in the body's defense against foreign materials |
| How does air enter the body? | through the nose and mouth |
| Nostrils or Nares | are the entrance to the nose |
| What are the nose and sinuses lined with? | a mucous membranes; cilia are the hairlike projections on the mucous membrane that sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination. |
| Pharynx | (throat) is the airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx |
| 3 sections of the Pharynx | 1. nasopharynx, 2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx |
| nasopharynx | upper portion located behind the nose |
| oropharynx | middle portion located behind the mouth |
| laryngopharynx | (hypopharynx) lower portion behind the larynx |
| larynx | AKA: voice box |
| what does the larynx connect? | the pharynx with the trachea |
| what is the larynx supported by? | by nine cartilages, most prominent of which is the thyroid cartilage at the front that forms the Adam's Apple |
| lungs | 2 cone-shaped, spongy organs (consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, elastic tissue and nerves) |
| lobes | smaller divisions of the lungs; left lung has 2 lobes and right has 3 lobes |
| pleura | double folded membrane that surrounds the lung |
| parietal pleura | the outer layer of the pleura which lines the thoracic cavity EXTERNAL PLEURA |
| visceral pleura | inner lining of the pleura which covers the lung INTERNAL PLEURA |
| pleural space | small space between these membranes |
| diaphragm | aids in the process of breathing |
| phrenic nerves | process of breathing begins with these nerves; stimulates the diaphragm to contract and to relax; The motor nerves to the diaphragm. |
| inspiration | inhalation; and expiration is exhalation |
| inhalation | creates a decrease in the pressure within the thorax and draws air into the lungs |
| exhalation | causes increase in pressure whithin the thorax which causes air to be forced out of the lungs |
| adenoids | lymphatic tissue of the nasopharynx |
| alveoli | air cells of the lungs; functional units of the lungs aka ( parenchyma) |
| bronchi | 2 main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs |
| bronchiole | smaller subdivisions of the bronchi tubes |
| epiglottis | covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows |
| larynx | the enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box |
| nares | external nostrils |
| nasopharynx | part of the pharynx located above the soft palate( post nasal space) |
| oropharynx | central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and upper portion of the epiglottis |
| palatine tonsils | lympatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces(the constricted opening leading from the mouth and the oral pharynx) |
| parietal pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs it is the external pleura |
| pharynx | passageway for air from the nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves both the respiratoryand digestive systems, the throat |
| pleura | double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity |
| pleura space | the space that separates the visceral and parietal pleura, which contains fluid that acts as a lubricant to the pleural surfaces during respiration |
| trachea | the windpipe that connects the oral cavity to the lungs; from the larynx to the bronchial tubes |
| visceral pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs |
| apnea | is a temporary cessation of breathing "without breathing" sleep apnea most common form |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
| dyspnea | air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. SOB |
| epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose,NOSEBLEED |
| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygenation of the blood |
| hypoxia | deficiency of oxygen |
| rhinorrhea | is a thin, watery discharge from the nose; RUNNY NOSE |
| sneeze | to expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth |
| tachypnea | abnormal rapidity of breathing |
| wheeze | whistling sound or sighing sound, OCCURS IN ASTHMA, CROUP, HAY FEVER, MITRAL STENOSIS, AND PLEURAL EFFUSION |
| croup | a childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, suffocative and difficult breathing, stridor and laryngeal spasm ASSOCIATED W/ SCARLETT FEVER AND SCABIES |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx swallowing |
| pertussis | an acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis; WHOOPING COUGH |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
| sinusitis | inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the palatine tonsils; located in the area of the oropharynx |
| asthma | dyspnea caused by aspasm of the bronchial tubes |
| 3 types of asthma | 1. exercise induced 2. allergy related chronic |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | a malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer |
| emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease; major cause is cigarette smoking; emphysema is a chronic obstruction of the inflow and outflow of air to the lungs |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| pleuritis (pleursy) | inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura |
| pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants |
| pneumothorax | a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. thoracentesis will remove excess fluid or gas from the cavity |
| pulmonary embolism | the obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus(clot); most patients who die will do so in the first 2 hours after the embolism |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant. |
| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by the tubercule bacillus and mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| pulmonary function tests | tests to assess respiratory function |
| thoracentesis | involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space |
| ABGs | arterial blood gas(es)this is a blood test |
| AP | anterposterior; meaning " from the front to the back" |
| COPD | chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease (associated w/ chronic bronchitis and emphysema) |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| DPT | diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus |
| LLL | lower left lobe (of the lung) |
| LUL | left upper lobe |
| RLL | right lower lobe |
| RUL | right upper lobe |
| RML | right middle lobe |
| PA | posteranterior; meaning back to front |
| PCP | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| PFT(s) | pulmonary function test(s) |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| URI | upper respiratory infection; (upper meaning and infection from the trachea up; lower being lungs, bronchi, bronchioles |
| aden/o | gland |
| -oid | resembling |
| bronch/o | bronchus; airway |
| -i | noun ending |
| bronchi/o | bronchioles |
| -ole | small or little |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| nas/o | nose |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| or/o | mouth |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| -a | noun ending |
| -al | pertaining to |
| trache/o | trachea |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| orth/o | straight |
| pne/o | breathing |
| pneum/o | lung; air |
| pneumon/o | lungs |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea |
| a | without |
| brady | slow |
| dys | bad, painful, disordered, difficult |
| hyp | under, below, beneath, less than normal |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -ia | condition |
| rhin/o | nose |
| -rrhea | discharge, flow |
| tachy | rapid |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| -genic | pertaining to formation; producing |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| -oma | tumor |
| -thorax | chest |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| embol/i | to throw |
| -ism | condtion |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| thor/a | chest |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| how does it all connect? | pharynx connects mouth and nose to larynx; larynx connects the pharynx with the trachea; trachea branches into 2 bronchi; bronchi lead to lungs 1 to each; bronchi branch into smaller tubes(bronchioles); at the end of the bronchioles is the alveoli |
| Pertussis | can be prevented by immunization of infants beginning at 3 mos of age. This immunization is one of the components of DPT |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
| newborn | baby that is 30 days old or less |
| infant | baby that is 12 months to 3 months |
Created by:
cmg50872
Popular Medical sets