MT- Ch 5 Vocab Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
acetabulum | cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur sits |
acromion | part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle |
amphiarthrosis | cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones |
ankle | hinged area between the lower leg bones and the bones of the foot |
articular cartilage | cartilage at a joint |
articulation | point at which two bones join together to allow movement |
atlas | first cervical vertebra |
axis | second cervical vertebra |
bone | hard connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body |
bone head | upper, rounded end of a bone |
bone phagocyte | bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris |
bursa | sac lined with synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints |
calcaneus | heel bone |
calcium | mineral important in the formation of bone |
cancellous bone | spongy bone with a latticelike structure |
cardiac muscle | striated involuntary muscle of the heart |
carpus, carpal bone | wrist; wrist bone |
cartilage | flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and the lining of various parts of the body |
cartilaginous disk | thick, circular mass of cartilage between the verebrae of the spinal column |
cervical vertebrae | seven vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck |
clavicle | curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone |
coccyx | small bone consisting of four fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone |
compact bone | hard bone with a tightly woven structure |
condyle | rounded surface at the end of a bone |
crest | bony ridge |
diaphysis | long middle section of a long bone; shaft |
diarthroses | freely movable joints |
disk | see cartilaginous disk |
dorsal vertebrae | thoracic vertebrae |
elbow | joint between the upper arm and the forearm |
endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity |
epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops |
ethmoid bone | irregular bone of the face attached to the sphenoid bone |
ethmoid sinuses | sinuses on both sides of the nasal cavities between each eye and the sphenoid sinus |
fascia | sheet of fibrous tissue that encloses muscles |
femur | long bone of the thigh |
fibula | smallest long bone of the lower leg |
fissure | deep furrow or slit |
flat bones | thin, flattened bones that cover certain areas, as of the skull |
fontanelle | soft, membranous section on top of an infant's skull |
foramen | opening or perforation through a bone |
foramen magnum | opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
fossa | depression, as in a bone |
frontal bone | large bone of the skull that forms the top of the head and forehead |
frontal sinuses | sinuses above the eyes |
heel | back, rounded portion of the foot |
humerus | long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom |
ilium | wide portion of the hip bone |
insertion | point at which a muscle attaches to a movable bone |
intervertebral disk | see cartilaginous disk |
involuntary muscle | muscle not movable at will |
irregular bones | any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull |
ischium | one of three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle |
joint | place of joining between two or more bones |
lacrimal bone | thin, flat bone of the face |
lamina | thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra |
ligament | sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone |
long bone | any bone of the extremities with a shaft |
lumbar vertebrae | five vertebrae of the lower back |
malleolus | rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle |
mandible | u-shaped bone of the lower jaw |
mandibular bone | mandible |
marrow | connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients |
mastoid process` | protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear |
maxillary bone | bone of the upper jaw |
maxillary sinus | sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below the eyes |
medullary cavity | soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow |
metacarpal | one of five bones of the hand between the wrist and the fingers |
metaphysis | section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis |
metatarsal bones | bones of the foot between the instep (arch) and the toes |
muscle | contractile tissue that plays a major role in the body movement |
musculoskeletal system | system of the body including the muscles and skeleton |
nasal bones | bones that form the bridge of the nose |
nasal cavity | cavity on either side of the nasal septum |
neural canal | space through which the spinal cord passes |
nucleus pulposus | fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervertebral disk |
occipital bone | bone that forms the lower back portion of the skull |
olecranon | curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow |
origin | point at which muscles attach to stationary bone |
osseous tissue | connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited |
ossification | hardening into bone |
osteoblast | cell that forms bone |
osteoclast | large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue |
osteocyte | bone cell |
palatine bone | bone that helps form the hard palate and nasal cavity; located behind the maxillary bones |
parietal bone | flat, curved bone on either side of the upper part of the skull |
patella | large, sesamoid bone that forms the kneecap |
pelvic cavity | cup-shaped cavity formed by the large bones of the pelvic girdle; contains female reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, bladder, and rectum |
pelvic girdle | hip bones |
pelvis | cup-shaped ring of bone and ligaments at the base of the trunk |
periosteum | fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone |
phalanges | long bones of the fingers and toes |
phosphorus | mineral important to the formation of bone |
process | bony outgrowth or projection |
pubes | anteroinferior portion of the hip bone |
pubic symphysis | joint between the two public bones |
radius | shorter bone of the forearm |
rib | one of twenty-four bones that form the chest wall |
sacrum | next-to-last spinal vertebra made up of five fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis |
scapula | large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade |
sella turcica | bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
sesamoid bone | bone formed in a tendon over a joint |
shin | anterior ridge of the tibia |
short bones | square-shaped bones with approximately equal dimensions on all sides |
sinus | hollow cavity, especially either of two cavities on the sides of the nose |
skeleton | bony framework of the body |
smooth muscle | fibrous muscle of internal organs that acts involuntarily |
sphenoid bone | bone that forms the base of the skull |
sphenoid sinus | sinus above and behind the nose |
spinal column | column of vertebrae at the posterior of the body, from the neck to the coccyx |
spinous process | protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch |
spongy bone | bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow |
sternum | long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax |
striated muscle | muscle with a ribbed appearance that is controlled at will |
syloid process | peg-shaped protrusion from a bone |
sulcus | groove or furrow in the surface of bone |
suture | joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane |
symphysis | type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones |
synarthrosis | fibrous joint with no movement |
synovial fluid | fluid that serves to lubricate joints |
synovial joint | a joint that moves |
synovial membrane | connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid |
tarsus, tarsal bones | seven bones of the instep (arch of the foot) |
temporal bone | large bone forming the base and sides of the skull |
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | joint of the lower jaw between the temporal bone and the mandible |
tendon | fibrous band that connects muscle to bone or other structures |
thoracic vertebrae | twelve vertebrae of the chest area |
thorax | part of the trunk between the neck and the chest |
tibia | larger of the two lower leg bones |
transverse process | protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch |
trochanter | bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur |
true ribs | seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum |
tubercle | slight bony elevation to which a ligamnet or muscle may be attahced |
tuberosity | large elevation in the surface of a bone |
ulna | larger bone of the forearm |
vertebra | one of the bony segements of the spinal column |
vertebral column | spinal column |
visceral muscle | smooth muscle |
vitamin D | vitamin important to the formation of bone |
voluntary muscle | striated muscle |
vomer | flat bone forming the nasal septum |
zygomatic bone | bone that forms the cheek |
arthrography | radiography of a joint |
arthroscopy | examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint |
bone scan | radiographic or nuclear medicine image of a bone |
chiropractor | health care professional who works to align the spinal column so as to treat certain ailments |
densitometer | device that measures bone density using light and x-rays |
diskography | radiographic image of an intervertebral disk by injection of a contrast medium into the center of the disk |
electromyogram | a graphic image of muscular action using electrical currents |
goniometer | instrument that measures angles or range of motion in a joint |
myelography | radiographic imaging of the spinal cord |
orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon | physician that examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system |
osteopath | physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures |
podiatrist | medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot |
rheumatoid factor test | test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis |
rheumatologist | physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and muculoskeletal system |
serum calcium | test for calcium in the blood |
serum creatine phosphokinase | enzyme active in muscle contraction; usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and in the presence of other degenerative muscle diseases |
serum phosphorus | test for phosphorus in the blood |
Tinel's sign | "pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped |
uric acid test | test for acid content in urine; elevated levels may indicate gout |
ankylosis | stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease |
arthralgia | severe joint pain |
arthritis | any of various conditions involving joint inflammation |
atrophy | wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply |
bony necrosis | death of portions of bone |
bunion | an inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone |
bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
calcar | spur |
carpal tunnel syndrome | pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve |
chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound |
Colles' fracture | fracture of the lower end of the radius |
comminuted fracture | fracture with shattered bones |
complex fracture | fracture with part of the bone displaced |
complicated fracture | fracture involving extensive soft tissue injury |
compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; open fracture |
compression fracture | fracture of one or more vertebrae caused by compressing of the space between the vertebrae |
contracture | extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle |
crepitation, crepitus | noise made by rubbing together of bones |
degenerative arthritis | arthritis with erosion of the cartilage |
dislocation | movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement |
dystonia | abonormal tone in tissues |
epiphysitis | inflammation of the epiphysis |
exostosis | abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage |
flaccid | without tone; relaxed |
fracture | a break, especially in a bone |
gouty arthritis, gout | inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals |
greenstick fracture | fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but not breaking; usually occurs in children |
hairline fracture | fracture with no bone separation or fragmentation |
herniated disk | protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the neural canal |
hypertrophy | abnormal increase as in muscle size |
hypotonia | abnormally reduced muscle tension |
impacted fracture | fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part |
incomplete fracture | fracture that does not go entirely through a bone |
kyphosis | abnormal posterior spine curvature |
leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
lordosis | abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back |
muscular dystrophy | progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeletal system and, later, other organs |
myalgia | muscle pain |
myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
myodynia | muscle pain |
myoma | benign muscle tumor |
myositis | inflammation of a muscle |
open fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture |
ostealgia | bone pain |
osteoarthritis | arthritis with loss of cartilage |
osteodynia | bone pain |
osteoma | benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone |
osteoporosis | degenerative thinning of bone |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
pathological fracture | fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone |
phantom limb; phantom pain | pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb |
physical therapy | movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body |
podagra | pain in the big toe, often associated with gout |
rhabdomyoma | benign tumor in striated muscle |
rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor in striated muscle |
rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue |
rickets | disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency |
rigidity | stiffness |
rigor | stiffening |
sciatica | pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition |
scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column |
sequestrum | piece of dead tissue or bone separated from the surrounding area |
simple fracture | fracture with no open skin wound |
spasm | sudden, involuntary muscle contraction |
spastic | tending to have spasms |
spina bifida | congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column |
spinal curvature | abnormal curvature of the spine |
spondylolisthesis | degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with the one below it; slipped disk |
spondylolysis | degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra |
sprain | injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve a ligament). This is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal than does a fracture and can be more painful |
spur | bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar |
strain | injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse |
subluxation | partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces |
talipes calcaneus | deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles |
talipes valgus | foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot |
talipes varus | foot deformity characterized by inversion of the foot |
tendinitis, tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
tetany | painfully long muscle contraction |
tremor | abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions |
amputation | cutting off of a limb or part of a limb |
arthrocentesis | removal of fluid from a joint with use of a puncture needle |
arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it |
arthroplasty | surgical replacement or repair of a joint |
bone grafting | transplantation of bone from one site to another |
bunionectomy | removal of a bunion |
bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
casting | forming of a cast in a mold; placing of fiberglass or plaster over a body part to prevent its movement |
external fixation device | device applied externally to hold a limb in place |
internal fixation device | device, such as a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place |
laminectomy | removal of part of an intervertebral disk |
myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle tissue |
orthosis, orthotic | external appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs |
osteoclasis | breaking of a bone in order to repair or reposition it |
osteoplasty | surgical replacement or repair of bone |
osteotomy | cutting of bone |
prosthetic device | artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part |
reduction | return of a part to its normal position |
splinting | applying a splint to immobilize a body part |
spondylosyndesis | fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae |
synovectomy | removal of part or all of a joint's synovial membrane |
tenotomy | surgical cutting of a tendon |
traction | dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices |
analgesic | agent that relieves pain |
anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid) | agent that reduces inflammation |
muscle relaxant | agent that relieves muscle stiffness |
narcotic | agent that relieves pain by affecting the body in ways that are similar to opium |
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | agent that reduces inflammation without the use of steroids |
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