test 1 anthropology Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Anthropological Perspective | The approach to social research that seeks to understand culture from the point of view of the people within that cultural context. |
| Anthropology | the holistic study of humankind |
| applied anthropology | branch of anthropology in which practitioners use anthropology in the service of particular social concerns |
| archaeology | the study of material artifacts to understand a people's culture and society, usually in the past |
| cultural anthropology | the description, interpretation, and analysis of similarities and differences in human cultures |
| Cultural other | a term used to refer to the subjective experience of difference at the cultural level; identifying "us/me" and "them/you" through cultural symbols and markers. |
| ethnoarchaeology | an approach to archaeology that combines the analysis of material life with information taken from contemporary populations. |
| ethnographic fieldwork | anthropology's hallmark research method, base upon the anthropologist's direct experience in a culture. |
| ethnographic interviews | purposeful, documentation conversation with research participants that may be formal or informal |
| ethnography | a rich description and analysis of a culture that includes the anthropologist's experience of "being there" |
| excavation | a rigorous method of extracting artifacts from underground; the primary data collection method of archaeologists |
| focus groups | a type of interview in which small groups of people are asked to discuss a particular topics while the anthropologist takes notes. |
| "go native" | an expression referring to a phenomenon in which an anthropologist fully affiliates with the culture being studied |
| holistic understanding | the view that all parts of human life are interconnected. |
| life history | an interview or series of interviews that document the trajectory of a single life |
| linguistics | the subfield of anthropology devoted to the study of language |
| mapping | diagramming geographical space or human interpretation and use of space |
| mound builders | a native american group known for their burial mounds |
| participation observation | an approach to research that combines participation and observation in various ways to optimize understanding of the culture being studied. |
| physical anthropology | the study of human anatomy, nonhuman primates and human origin |
| primatology | the study of nonhuman primates |
| qualitative research methods | interpretive approaches that use participant observation, interviews, document analysis, and other methods to understand the nature and meaning of phenomena |
| quantitative research methods | measurement based approach that relies mathematics, statistics, and hypotheses for producing and interpreting data |
| rapid ethnographic assessment features | the time compressed use of focus groups, ethnographic interviews, mapping, and other methods within a framework of participant observation. |
| rapport | a relationship of conversational ease with individuals or groups |
| survey | a standardized set of questions applied to numerous individuals or places |
| armchair anthropologists | early anthropologists who gathered datd from travelogues and books rather than from their own direct research |
| cultural relativism | the view that cultural practices and beliefs are best understood in relation to their entire context |
| cultural superiority | the belief that one culture in more enlightened , advanced, civilized, or intelligent than another |
| culture | the total way of life of a group of people that is learned, adaptive, shared and integrated |
| epistemological relativism | the belief that the validity of knowledge itself is limited to the context in which it was produced |
| ethnocentrism | the use of one's own culture to measure another's, putting one's own culture at the center of interpretation and typically devaluing the other culture. |
| historical particularism | an early anthropological theory that argues that each culture is a unique representation of its history and context |
| monogenesis | the view that all humans originate from a single creation of God |
| moral relativism | the idea that something is only right or wrong according to context-specific criteria |
| polygenesis | the theory that various groups of humans appear on earth of were created separately. |
| racism | the belief that humans are organized into race groupings that are different from one another in intelligence and worth |
| tacit ethnocentrism | the assumption that one's own way of life is just normal, not cultural |
| unilinear cultural evolution | an early anthropological theory that states all cultures evolve from simple to complex along a single trajectory of progress |
| xenophobia | an intense, irrational dislike of people from other countries or cultures |
| code switching | the practice of keeping particular forms of speech separate in one's life, using one in one setting and another in another setting |
| creole | type of language formed when speakers of different languages combine their languages |
| descriptive linguistics | the study of specific features of individual languages, such as patterns of grammar and sounds, as they exist in a given moment in time |
| design feature | an element that is common to all languages |
| diachronic | studies that focus on change over time |
| dialect | distinct but mutually intelligible forms of a single language |
| ethnosemantics | the study of the culturally and linguistically specific ways people make sense of the world |
| grammar | the rules that people use to organize their speech |
| historical linguistics | the study of how languages develop and change over time and how different languages are related to one another |
| kinesics | body language |
| language | a system of verbal and nonverbal symbols used to communicate |
| language family | a group of languages that derive from a common ancestor language |
| language hierarchy | the system by which some languages or dialects have ranked political, economic, or social status |
| language theory | an explanation of the general nature of language |
| lexicon | all the morphemes of a particular language |
| linguistic morphology | the patterns and structures of words in a language |
| linguistic nationalism | the use of language to promote nationalist ideologies |
| morphemes | units of language that carry meaning |
| official language | language sanctioned by a ruling body |
| paralanguage | certain qualities applied to particular words, such as volume tone or emphasis |
| philology | the study of societies through their texts |
| phonemes | the sounds available in any particular language |
| phonemics | the study of specific structures and sounds humans use in language |
| phonetics | the study of all possible structures and sounds humans use in language |
| phonology | the study of language sounds, including phonemics and phonetics |
| pidgin | language formed when speakers in a multicultural context use a simplified form of one language as a common language among the groups |
| protolanguage | the ancient language from which all the members of a particular language family are derived |
| regional dialect | an accent and word choice related to geography |
| social dialect | a way of speaking connected to class |
| social register | a way of speaking related to a specific setting such as a sporting event, institution of higher learning, or religious community |
| sociolinguistics | the study of how language is used by people in a society |
| structuralism | a theory of language that says all languages share an underlying binary structure |
| symbol | something that stand for something else |
| synchronic | studies that focus on a given moment in time |
| syntax | the order in which morphemes appear |
| agriculture | a subsistence system that requires constant and intensive use of permanent fields for plant cultivation |
| articulation | the strategic use of several modes of subsistence at the same time |
| balanced reciprocity | a form of exchange in which roughly equivalent good or services are exchanged immediately, or within a relatively short amount of time, with or without money |
| biomass | all living things, plants and animals, contained in and supported by a particular area of land |
| economic anthropology | the study of how people meet needs through production, exchange and consumption |
| ethnocide | the death of a culture when its members shift to a different way of life, even as the people groups survive |
| exchange systems | social processes by which people give and receive goods and services |
| extensive farming | farming practices that involve putting relatively little energy into the land for the calories extracted |
| fissioning | splitting a group into numerous smaller groups. a practice used by foragers to maintain group size and reduce interpersonal conflict |
| foraging | a subsistence strategy based on gathering plants that grow wild in the environment and hunting available animals |
| formalist theory | an economic theory that teaches that the logic people use to pursue economic goals is universal |
| generalized reciprocity | a form of exchange involving gift exchanges with no precise accounting of value and no precise expectation for type or time of return |
| genocide | the systematic killing of most members of a cult |
| horticulture | a subsistence strategy in which people cultivate varieties of wild or domestic crops, primarily for their won use, using relatively little technology |
| intensive farming | agriculture or horticulture techniques that directly replenish the nutrients in the soil, producing higher crop yields |
| leveling mechanism | a redistribution process that reduces social inequality |
| market economy | a system of exchange in which people exchange their labor for money, which is exchanged for goods and services |
| monocropping | growing one species of a plant in a garden or field |
| multicropping | growing several species of plants in a single garden |
| negative reciprocity | a form of exchange in which one or both parties seek to receive more than they give |
| nomadic pastoralism | a form of pastoralism that involves moving animals from place to place in responce to food and water supply |
| pastoralism | a subsistence strategy based on the use of domestic herd animals |
| potlach | a form of redistribution and exchange traditionally practices by Northwest Native American groups |
| production | any human action intended to convert resources in the environment into food |
| property rights | the cultural understanding that some family or person has a right to the land and crops into which labor has been invested |
| redistribution | a system of exchange in which a centralized authority collects goods and service from a group of people and redistributes them |
| subsistence farming | growing food for consumption by ones own family |
| subsistence strategy | a culturally created means of getting food |
| substantivist theory | an economic theory that teaches that economic behavior and motivations vary by culture |
| swidden farming | the clearing and burning of a section of forest for cultivation, and after some time, moving on to a new forest space |
| transumant pastoralism | the practice of moving herds seasonally between high meadows in the summer and human settlements in the winter |
| usufruct rights | an understanding of property rights in which a plot of land "belongs" to the person of family using it. when they are done using it their rights to that land end. |
| cultural ecology | an anthropological theory that teaches that culture can be understood in terms of how people adapt to and interact with natural environment |
| cultural marxism | a postmodern theory that draws on Carl Marx's concepts of power, inequality and class struggle to understand culture change |
| cultural materialism | a theory that understands culture as driven by the material, ecological, and economic adaptations humans make |
| cultural traits | cultural artifacts or activities |
| diffusionism | an early anthropological theory that stating that cultural traits spread from more advanced to less advanced societies |
| falsification | the view that scientific theories cannot be proven, only falsified |
| feminist theory | highlights the importance of gender as an analytic concept and the importance of including women in cultural analysis |
| functionalism | culture develops in response to human needs |
| historical particularism | argues that each culture is a unique representation of its history and context |
| idiographic explanation | a rich description of a particular case |
| naturalism | a belief that all that exists is that which can be touches, seen or otherwise physically experienced |
| nomothic explanation | a generalization, a natural law that predicts and explains culture change and human behavior |
| positivism | seeking universal, nomothic explanation through empirical evidence |
| reflexivity | the inclusion of the anthropologist's perspective and experience in ethnographic writing |
| sociobiology | culture is rooted in the human drive for evolutionary advantage and genetic survival |
| structural-functionalism | the functions of particular beliefs or behaviors may be understood in the support of social order |
| structuralism | human biology, specifically brain structure, drives culture |
Created by:
ncronk
Popular Anthropology sets