Phlebotomy Summer Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Tendons connect.. | Muscle to bone |
| Define the two subcategories of Contact transmission | Direct- skin to skin and Indirect- exposing a susceptible host to a pathogen by the means of an inanimate object (fomite) |
| What's the difference between TB disease and TB infection? | TB disease is active TB, while TB infection is when the bacteria is present but the carrier is not contagious |
| Proximal means | Towards the point of attachment |
| For a person with Type AB blood, which antigen and which antibodies does it contain and where? | RBC has both A and B antigens, plasma has neither A nor B antibodies |
| What are the 2 main nerves associated with the Peripheral Nervous System, and what do they do? | Motor- efferent nerves carry impulses from the CNS Sensory- afferent nerves carry impulses to the CNS |
| What is the rubber sleeve? | This prevents blood from leaking when tubes are removed |
| Lifting incorrectly, bending and running are all examples of | Physical Hazards |
| After the SA Node, the impulses are then picked up by.? | The Atrioventricular (AV) node |
| What does R.A.C.E. stand for? | Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish |
| What are the 5 types of Isolation? | Strict, contact, respiratory, blood and body fluids, and reverse or protective isolation |
| A group of organs that have the same functions create an..? | Organ system |
| Which small glands are located posterior the Thyroid gland | Parathyroid glands |
| Which vaccination is required by federal law to be available free of charge to all employees that have occupational risk? | Hepatitis B Vaccination |
| What is the Stratum Germinativum? | live cells, innermost layer of Epidermis, where melanin is produced |
| What is the Axon? | A fiber optic highway that extends from the cell body, carrying impulses away from the cell body |
| What is the hub? | Where the needle threads into the adapter |
| What is an Embolism? | obstruction by a clot |
| What is a Class D fire? | Flammable metals |
| Synovial joints contain.. | Synovial fluid |
| What is the outermost layer of the Integumentry system? | Epidermis |
| Cells are? | The smallest living unit |
| Which is the primary filtering organ of the Urinary system? | Kidneys |
| What is the Needle Stick Safety and Prevention Act? | Any new equipment that is brought into the facility must be first used by the employees, and after a trial period employees will be asked about the equipment |
| What is Polycythemia? | An abnormal increase in RBC's |
| What are the four (4) types of tissues? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| Define Catabolism | break down of products |
| Needles, lancets and broken glass all go into which category of objects that can cause blood borne infections? | Sharps |
| How many links make up the chain of infection? | Six |
| Which hormone stimulates growth? What tube and department? | Growth Hormone (GH) SST to Chemistry |
| Which means of transmission carries infections through flies, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and rats? | Vector Transmission |
| What is an Erythrocyte? | A Red Blood Cell (RBC) |
| Anything with electricity running through it is a potential? | Electrical Hazard |
| What is External Respiration? | The actual act of breathing and getting the needed oxygen to the tissue cells |
| What is epilepsy? | Seizure disorder |
| Any materials that are harmful to health are | Biohazards |
| Sagittal Plane divides the body into | right and left portions. Midsagittal is equal |
| Superior means | Upper |
| What is an Embolus | A circulating clot |
| Define Diastole | Ventricular relaxation. Ventricles fill with blood, BP is at its lowest and is the bottom number on a BP |
| What is the brain of a cell? | Nucleus |
| Name the six organs of the Gastrointestinal tract. | Mouth, Pharynx, Larynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines |
| Which hormone controls Thyroid Activity? What tube and department? | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) SST to Chemistry |
| Another name for platelets is..? | Thrombocytes |
| What is Diabetes Mallitis? What is the blood test called, and what is the tube and department? | Deficiency of Insulin. Hemoglobin A1C (Hgb A1C) Lavender to Chemistry |
| The dermis contains 2 glands, what are they and what do they produce? | Sebaceous gland- produces oil called sebum Sudoriferous gland- produces sweat |
| What does palpate mean? | To examine by touch |
| Define Systole | Ventricular Contraction, Atria are filling with blood and blood is being forced into the pulmonic and aortic valves. BP is higher, and is top number on BP |
| Define Means of Transmission | The method by which microorganisms can be transmitted from one hos to another |
| For a person with Type A blood, which antigen and which antibodies does it contain and where? | RBC has the A antigen, plasma contains the anti-b antibody |
| Which disorder is characterized by the over growth of hands, feet and face caused by excessive Growth Hormone in adult hood? | Acromegaly |
| What does P.A.S.S. stand for? | Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, Sweep nozzle |
| What does the Central Nervous System include? | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| from the R Ventricle, the deoxygenated blood moves through the _____ and into the ______. | Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary artery |
| What is a Lactic acid drawn in and what are the special procedures? | Gray top tube, with NO tourniquet and NO fist, must be transported on ice to Chemistry |
| When a substance has a risk of causing a possible exposure to toxic, or carcinogenic substance it is a? | Chemical Hazard |
| What is the Endocardium? | Inner layer of the heart |
| How far above the site should the tourniquet be tied? | 3-4 inches |
| What are PPE's? | Personal Protective Equipment |
| What is the CDC and what do they do? | Center for Disease Control, responsible for tracing and preventing the spread of disease |
| Stage 3 of hemostasis is called Secondary hemostasis (Fibron clot formation) What happens here? | Clots are formed from a protein called Fibrin, fibrin then turns to fibrinogen, from the enzyme thrombin, also needed is calcium, which acts as a glue to hold the fibrin to eachother and form a loose mesh work. This stabilized mesh will trap RBC's |
| What is Osteoporosis? | Imbalance between the breaking down of bone |
| Which is the largest gland in the body? | Thyroid gland |
| What is Thrombocytopenia? | a decreased number of platelets |
| Which hormone effects sleep and wake cycles? What tube and department? | Melatonin. SST to Chemistry |
| What are Meninges? | Membranes that surround the Central Nervous System |
| What is the Epicardium? | Outer layer of heart where Coronary arteries are located. |
| Inferior means | Below |
| A group of cells that have the same shape and function create a..? | Tissue |
| Which is the brains link to the Endocrine System? | Hypothalamus |
| Which layer is also called the "true skin"? | Dermis |
| Which hormone stimulates the Kidneys to reabsorb water? What tube and department? | Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) SST to Chemistry |
| What are the three types of muscles? | Skeletal (Striated), Smooth (Non-striated), and Cardiac (lightly striated) |
| Distal means | Away from the point of attachment |
| What is Alkaline Phosphatese (ALP) drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| Bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can all be what type of hazard? | Fire or Explosive |
| When a capillary joins to a vein it is called? | Venules |
| Which WBC's numbers increase during allergic reactions and inflammatory reactions? | Basophils |
| Anterior means | Front or Ventral |
| What is Shingles? | Adult onset Chicken Pox |
| Stage 2 of hemostasis is called platelet plug formation, what happens here? | When a vessel is damaged, platelets become activated and release a chemical that causes aggregation, then platelets stick together and adhere to the injured area |
| Which means of transmission are generated by talking, coughing, and sneezing, can travel more than 3 feet and remain suspended on dust particles? | Airborne Transmission |
| What does the Gallbladder do? | Stores bile |
| Which disorder is characterized by swollen "moon shaped" face and redistribution of fat to abdomen and back of neck caused by excess Cortisone? | Cushing Syndrome |
| What percent of blood are the formed elements? | 45% |
| Define Universal Precautions | Designed to prevent the transmission of blood borne pathogens. All blood and most body fluids that contain blood are considered potentially infectious. Regardless of diagnosis all patients are considered potentially infectious |
| What is OSHA and what do they do? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration, regulates workplace safety |
| Posterior means | back or dorsal |
| From the kidneys, urine travels down the _______ and into the ______ | Ureters, Bladder |
| Which blood type is the universal receiver? | Type AB |
| What is the partial pressure of oxygen? | How high hemoglobin is in the lungs, and how low carbon dioxide is in the lungs |
| Which hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete Cortisol? What tube and department? | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) SST to Chemistry |
| What is the Myelin Sheath? | Protective layer over the Axon |
| Which means of transmission carries causative agents through contaminated food, water, medications, and blood? | Vehicle Transmission |
| Which artery is used to find a pulse? | Radial |
| What is Muscular dystrophy? | Genetic disease in which muscles waste away |
| Why do arteries have thick walls? | To withstand the pressure from the contraction of the ventricles |
| Which structure of the respiratory system splits into smaller tubes which extend to each lung? | Trachea |
| Which hormone stimulates the development of Ova and Sperm? What tube and department? | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) SST to Chemistry |
| What is a Neuron? | Specialized cells that direct impulses |
| Which is the largest vein in the body? | Superior/Inferior Vena Cava |
| Which Muscles are under voluntary control, and which are involuntary | Voluntary- Skeletal Involuntary- Cardiac and Smooth |
| Which WBC's numbers increase during allergies? | Eosinophils |
| What are ICD-9 codes? | International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Edition. What will be paid by insurance companies and Medicare depending on the diagnosis code provided by the doctor |
| After the AV Node, the Impulse travels to the ___________ and then to the little bundle of fibers that branch off that called the ___________ | Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers |
| Define infection | Occurs when a pathogen invades the body |
| Define Anabolism | create needed product |
| What do the Renal tubules do? | Where what is needed by the body gets absorbed back into the bloodstream |
| There are 2 types of Lymphocytes, what are they and what do they do? | B-Cell- produces antibodies, T-Cell- fighter cells that attack infected cells |
| What is inflammation of the Pancreas called? | Pancreatitis |
| What is Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (GOT) (SGOT) drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry STAT Green |
| Which hormones are produced by the Adrenal Cortex? | Corticosteroid hormones and Androgens and estrogens |
| Define Transmission Based Precautions | Used when a patient has a known or suspected infection |
| What are the Bronchi? | Two man branches if the Trachea that go into the lungs |
| What does the Right Atrium do? | Receives deoxygenated blood from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava |
| What are the principles involved in radiation safety? | Distance, Shielding, and Time |
| How do you break the chain of infection? | Washing your hands |
| Which hormone is active in the development of lymphocytes? What tube and department? | Thymosin Hormone SST to Chemistry |
| What is Emphysema? | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| What is inflammation of the stomach lining called? | Gastritis |
| Medial means | toward the middle |
| Pale cold clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, increased shallow breathing, and expressionless face and staring eyes are symptoms of? | Shock |
| Which type of formed element is the most numerous of the formed elements? | Red Blood Cells |
| Which hormone maintains normal heart rate and development of bone and muscle tissue? What tube and department? | Triidothyronine (T3) SST to Chemistry |
| What is the Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide? | how low hemoglobin is in the lungs |
| How thin are capillaries? | only 1 cell thick |
| What is the Subcutaneous Layer? | Lies underneath the Dermis and is composed of Fat and loose connective tissue, and insulates deep tissue |
| Which is the master gland that secretes hormones to stimulate other glands? | Pituitary Gland |
| What is Internal Respiration? | Exchange of gases between the tissue cells and the blood |
| Dorsal cavity includes which 2 cavities? | Cranial (Brain) and Spinal (spinal cord) |
| For a person with Type O blood, which antigen and which antibodies does it contain and where? | RBC has no antigens, plasma contains both A and B antibodies |
| What is a Calcium (Ca) test drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| Which glands are located on top of each Kidney? | Adrenal glands |
| Where do you find serum? | Its the liquid portion of a clotted specimen |
| What are Renal Calculi? | Kidney Stones |
| The skeletal system consists of? | Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons |
| What does a Cerebral Spinal Fluid test consist of? | CSF (not drawn by us) Glucose, Protein, cell count, and culture |
| What is an MSDS? | Material Safety Data Sheets, contains information for all chemicals |
| Which word means secreting too much? | Hypersecretion |
| What is the name of the hollow sacs at the end of the Bronchioles where gas exchange takes place? | Alveoli |
| What is an Erythrocytes primary function? | Transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the bod, and remove carbon dioxide |
| What is the largest part of the brain? | Cerebrum |
| What is the adapter? | Aids in the placement and removal of tubes |
| Which disorder is characterized by abnormal reduction in the number of RBC's in the circulating blood? | Anemia |
| What is the Myocardium? | Middle layer of the heart |
| What is the tube and department for an Ammonia test? | Green top to Chemistry. Don't forget to transport on ICE! |
| The pulmonary artery brings the deoxygenated blood where? And what happens there? | Lungs. The exchange of gases occurs. Blood becomes oxygenated, and leaves Carbon Dioxide |
| Which is the main organ of your respiratory system? | Lungs |
| How many Means of Transmission are there? | Five |
| What is near the Basilic Vein? | Brachial Artery and Median Nerve |
| From the L Atrium, the oxygenated blood moves through the ______ and into the ______ | Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve, Left Ventricle |
| What is the Pia Mater? | Inner layer of meninges, adheres to the surface of the brain |
| Which word means secreting too little? | Hyposecretion |
| What are arteries that join with capillaries called? | Arterioles |
| What does hemoglobin do? | a protien that gives the RBC's their color, and carries the oxygen |
| What is a Creatine Phosphokinase (CK/CPK) or CPK/CK Iso enzymes drwan in for STAT and routine tests? | STAT- Green and sent to Chemistry Routine- SST and sent to Chemistry |
| What is Osteomyelitis? | Inflammation of the bone caused by bacterial infections |
| For a person with Type B blood, which antigen and which antibodies does it contain and where? | RBC has the B antigen, plasma contains the anti-a antibody |
| Which hormone accelerates metabolic rate in the tissues? What tube and department? | Thyroxine (T4) SST to Chemistry |
| What is Multiple Sclerosis? | Disease that causes destruction of the Myelin Sheath |
| Define Entry Pathway | How the microorganism enters the susceptible host |
| What are the smaller divisions of the Bronchi called? | Bronchioles |
| Immature RBC's are called _______ and contain a _______ | Reticulocyte, nucleus |
| What is Kaposis Sarcoma? | A form of skin cancer found in patients with AIDS. Characterized by numerous bluish red lesions on the skin |
| What is the third vein of choice? | Basilic Vein |
| What is a Leukocyte? | A White Blood Cell (WBC) |
| Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels, increases blood calcium levels, and regulates P metabolism? Which tube and department? | Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) SST to Chemistry |
| What connects the spinal cord to the brain and manages messages going between the brain and the rest of the body? | Brain Stem |
| The Ventral Cavity includes which 3 cavities? | Thoracic (lungs heart ribs) Abdominal (digestive system) and Pelvic (reproductive organs) |
| What is a Lactic Dehydrogenase (LD/LDH) drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry, STAT is Green |
| Two or more types of tissues that have the same shape and function create a..? | Organ |
| Define Metabolism | all the chemical reactions that happen within the body |
| What is an occult blood test? | Blood in stool |
| Both the Bundle of His and the purkinje Fibers are located where? | They curve around up towards the Ventricles |
| What is a Class B fire? | Flammable liquids like grease, gasoline, paints and oils. |
| Which blood type is the universal donor? | Type O |
| After the Tricuspid (AV) valve, the deoxygenated blood moves to the..? | Right Ventricle. |
| Which type of WBC is the most numerous type that numbers increase during bacterial infections? | Neutrophils |
| Which form of diabetes causes increased thirst and urine production? | Diabetes Insipidus |
| After the right atrium the deoxygenated blood flows through the..? | Tricuspid (Atrioventricular) Valve |
| What is the longest vein in the body? | Great Saphenous, from the groin to the lower leg |
| Which artery is used to measure a Blood Pressure? | Brachial |
| What is the glottis and epiglottis? | Glottis is the slit in the larynx; Epiglottis is the flap of skin that covers the larynx during swallowing |
| Define Standard Precautions | Combine UP and BSI into a single set of precautions to be used for the care of all patients when coming into contact with body fluids regardless if there is blood present |
| What is a Synapse? | A small space separating the neurons from the next set of dendrites |
| What does the D-Antigen determine? | the Rh factor |
| Veins transport what? | Deoxygenated blood |
| What is Pulmonary Edema? | Accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
| What is Muscle Atrophy? | Decrease in size due to inactivity |
| What is the name of the cluster of cells found within the Pancreas? | Islets of Langerhans |
| Which is the largest of the WBC's and numbers increase during chronic infections | Monocytes |
| What is Gout and what test is used to check for it? | A metabolic disease caused by deposits of Uric Acid in the joints becoming full of crystals. Its a Uric Acid test, drawn in an SST and sent to Chemistry |
| Transverse Plane divides the body into | upper and lower portions |
| The Urethra is..? | How urine leaves the body |
| Define Acne | Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles |
| Which means of transmission can only travel less than 3 feet and cannot remain suspended in air? | Droplet Transmission |
| Where do you find plasma | It is the liquid portion of whole blood |
| What does the Pancreas do? | Secretes insulin, produces digestive enzymes; Amalayse, Lipase, and Trypsin |
| What do the coronary arteries do? | Supply the heart with oxygenated blood |
| Which hormone regulates calcium in the blood? What tube and department? | Calcitonin SST to Chemistry |
| Define Hemostasis | the controlling of blood |
| What is the OSHA HazCom Standard? | "The right to know law"meaning all dangerous chemicals must be labled |
| What is a Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB) drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| What is a Dilantin test drawn in? | SST and sent to Toxicology |
| What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of? | All the nerves that project from the brain and spinal cord |
| What does HIPAA stand for? | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| What is the sac that holds the Heart in place? | Pericardium |
| What is the Arachnoid Mater? | Middle layer of the meninges |
| Which hormone is active in fight or flight response? Which tube and department? | Adrenal Medulla Hormone. SST to Chemistry |
| What is Asthma? | difficulty breathing accompanied by wheezing, caused by spasm or swelling in bronchioles |
| The Pulmonary Veins are the only veins in the body that transports what? | Oxygenated blood |
| The Oxygenated blood enters the ______ through the ________ | Left Atrium, Pulmonary Veins |
| The difference between arteries and veins is | Veins have valves to keep the blood flowing in one direction and Arteries do not |
| Define Local Infection | Restricted to a small area of the body |
| Define Susceptible Host | A person with a compromised immune system |
| What is Seratonin drawn in? | SST and sent to Toxicology |
| Which gland is active in immune response? | Thymus gland |
| What is the middle layer of a vessel called? | Tunica media |
| What will a properly tied tourniquet do? | Allow Arterial blood to flow, and Venous blood to slow and pool. |
| What is Psoriasis? | Chronic skin condition of unknown origin characterized by clearly defined red patches of scaly skin |
| What is Apnea | A temporary cessation of breathing |
| What is a Myoglobin test drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| What are reference laboratories? | Large independent labs that have contracts with other facilities to preform both routine and highly specialized tests |
| What is the Sinoatrial Node? (SA Node) | Body's pacemaker, located in the right atrium, and starts the electrical impulse that spreads throughout the heart and will eventually cause ventricles to contract |
| Supine means | Face up |
| What are the 5 steps to providing first aid for shock? | 1. Maintain an open airway, 2. call for help, 3. Lie the victim down and elevate the feet, 4. Attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock, 5. Keep the victim warm |
| What do the capillaries do? | Where the exchange of gases and nutrients take place. |
| What is the Tunica Adventitia or Tunica Externa? | The outer layer of a vessel |
| Frontal Plane divides the body into | front and back portions |
| What is the Tunica intima? | The inner layer of a vessel |
| Which is the biggest artery in the body? | Aorta |
| What is Meningitis? | Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain |
| What is the second vein of choice? | Cephalic Vein |
| Define Impetigo | Staph or strep infection |
| The Pulmonary Artery is the only artery that transports what? | deoxygenated blood |
| What is the main filtering unit of the Kidneys? | Nephrons |
| What is the Stratum Corneum? | dead cells, outermost layer, where Keratin is produced |
| What is the shaft of a needle? | This is the gauge of the needle. |
| What does the Endocrine System Produce? | Hormones |
| From the L Ventricle, the oxygenated blood moves through the _____ and into the _____ | Aortic Valve, Aorta |
| Prone means | face down |
| What does the Liver do? | Manufactures bile, detoxifies harmful substances, stores vitamins, and makes Thrombin and Fibrinogen |
| What is a Phosphorus (P) test drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| What percent of the blood is the plasma and what does it contain? | 55% 7% proteins, 91% water, and 2% other solutes |
| Hepatitis means? | Inflammation of the liver |
| What is a Myocardial Infarction? | Heart attack |
| Define Body Substance Isolation | was designed for the body fluids UP did not cover, regardless if there was blood present or not, stated that hand washing after glove removal was not needed |
| Lateral means | toward the side |
| Define Reservoir Host | Where the causative organism can survive |
| After the Nephrons, waste then travels to the _________________, inside this, the blood vessels get smaller and the tiny tufts of capillaries are called the ________ which make it possible to filter waste | Glomerular Capsule (Bowmans Capsule), Glomerulus |
| Which gland is located in the middle of the brain and calcifies after puberty? | Pineal Gland |
| What is a Vitamin D test drawn in? | SST and sent to Chemistry |
| Define Systemic Infection | Throughout the whole body |
| What is a Nosocomial Infection? | Infections that are contracted by a patient after admission to the hospital. |
| What is the Dura Mater? | outermost layer of meninges that surrounds the skull |
| What do the Dendrites do? | Carry impulses to the nucleus |
| The first stage of hemostasis is Primary Hemostasis, what happens here? | Vasoconstriction, the damaged vessel will constrict or narrow to slow the flow of blood |
| What do the Thrombocytes do? | Clotting cells |
| Every living organism is in a constant process of maintaining a "steady state" or balance. This is called | Homeostasis |
| What are DRG's? | Diagnosis Related Groups, government decides payment of patient care regardless of length of stay |
| What is the Patient Bill of Rights? | Not a legal document, but an accepted statement of principle a patient must understand their rights. |
| Define Exit Pathway | How the infection leaves their host |
| Where is an Ova and Parasites test sent? | Microbiology section of Chemistry Department |
| Ligaments connect.. | Bone to bone |
| What is a Class A fire? | Ordinary combustibles like wood, paper and cloth. |
| From the Aorta, blood then goes where? | To the rest of the body |
| Define Causative Agent | It is a bacteria, fungus, virus or protozoa |
| What is the bevel of a needle? | The opening of the needle, which should always be facing up. |
| Define pathogen | The organism that causes the disease (bacteria, fungus, virus) |
| What is the first vein of choice? | Median Cubital Vein |
| What is a Class C fire? | Electrical equipment, motors and switches |
| Which part of the brain plays an important part in motor control and in Latin also means "little brain"? | Cerebellum |
| What is Hypoxia? | Deficiency of oxygen |
| What is inflammation of the Gallbladder called? | Cholecytitis |
| A Biologic Hazard is | an infectious agent |
| What does insulin do? | Needed for movement of glucose into the cells and decreases blood glucose levels |
| What are the 4 classifications of bones? | Flat bones, Irregular bones, Long bones and Short bones |
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