Anatomy & Physiology Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Functions of the Skin | -Protection -Temperature Regulation -Sensation -Excretion -Synthesizes Vitamin D -Absorption |
| Protection (Body's first line of defense) | -Infection by microbes -Ultraviolet rays from sun -Harmful chemicals -Cuts and tears |
| Temperature Regulation | Controlled by: sweating/shivering |
| Sensation | -Functions as an enormous sense organ -Keeps the body informed of changes in its environment |
| Excretion | Assists our body in excreting urea (a breakdown of protein) and other wastes |
| Synthesizes Vitamin D | When skin is exposed to UV light, a substance in skin cells is transported to the liver and kidneys where it is converteed into an active form of vitamin D |
| Absorption | Our skin can absorb mostly anything we plaace on it through passive diffusion; medications, toxins, creams. |
| Layers of the Skin | -Epidermis -Dermis -Hypodermis |
| Primary Skin Layers | Epidermis; avascular, outermost layer of the skin.. Dermis; deeper layer of the skin and much thicker, composed mostly of connective tissue Hypodermis; tissue that lies beneath the skin, insulates and helps with body temperature |
| Epidermis | -Outermost layer of the skin -Non-Vascular (no blood vessels present)); nourished by the dermis layer below |
| This layer of skin has cells that produces the pigment melanin | Epidermis |
| 5 Distinct Layers of Epidermis | -Stratum corneum -Stratum lucidum -Stratum granulosum -Stratum spinosum -Stratum basale |
| Epidermis facts | -95% of cells are keratinocytes; produce a tough fibrous protein, keratin (acts like a waterproof coating to prevent water loss) -Gives skin that tough, abrasive resistant protective layer -5% of cells are melanocytes (produces melanin) |
| Dermis | -20 times thicker than the Epidermis layer of the skin -Composed mostly of connective tissue -Mechanical strength of the skin is in this layer |
| Dermis: 1. Some fibers are tough and strong; 2. Some fibers are stretchable; | 1. Collagen 2. Elastic |
| Two layers of the Dermis | 1. Papillary 2. Reticular |
| Papillary Layer | -Consists of parallel rows of tiny bumps (dermal papillae) -Forms ridges and grooves that make up fingerprints & footprints -Pain & touch receptors are found here |
| Papillary Facts | -Ridges develop before birth -Unique to each individual -Purpose is to improve our grip when using tools, or walking on smooth surfaces |
| Reticular Layer | -Deepest skin layer -Filled with a dense network of interlacing fibers |
| Reticular layer contains: | Blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, lymphatic vessels, and hair follicles Pacini corpuscles (deep pressure receptors) found here |
| Hypodermis | Foundation layer, often referred to as: subcutaneous tissue superficial fascia. -Attaches skin to underlying tissues -Spongy nature determines the relative mobility of the skin |
| Fact: *blank* is not always considered part of the integumentary system | Hypodermis |
| Hypodermis is mostly made up of: | Adipose tissue that stores fat for energy, provides insulation for temperature control and offers a soft cushion for protecton |
| Accessory Organs of the Integumentary System | -Hair -Nails -Glands |
| Hair | Hair root - lies hidden in follicle Hair shaft - is the visible part Hair papilla - small cap shaped cluster of cels, located at base o fhair follicle, nourished by dermal blood vessels |
| Arrector Pili | Muscle attached to hair follicle, contract when frightened or cold |
| Hairless areas of the body | Lips, palms of hands, soles of feet |
| Nails | Produced by epidermal cells, and made of keratin, which is hardened and plate-like Nail body - visible part Nail root - lies in a groove, hidden by cuticle Lunula - crescent shaped area nearest root |
| Skin Glands | 1. Sweat (sudoriferous) glands 2. Oil (sebaceous) glands |
| Sweat/Sudoriferous Glands | Eccrine and Apocrine |
| Eccrine | -Produces perspiration, thin watery liquid -Assists in elimination of waste -Aids in temperature control -We can see these (pores) |
| Apocrine | -Larger than eccrine sweat glands -Mostly found in genitals, axillary areas -Secretes yellowish, thicker substance -Grow & function at puberty |
| Oil Glands | -Secrete oil for skin & hair -Tiny ducts of these glands open into hair follicles, lubricating hair & skin -Sebum (prevents drying & cracking *skins natural cream) -Accumulates in and enlarges some of the ducts forming white pimples. |
| What increases in production at puberty, and decreases in late adult hood? | Oil/Sebaceous Glands |
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CherryBombs1500
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