lecture 3 Word Scramble
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| Name | Function/Action |
| Movement | a result of muscular contraction. relies on the functioning of the muscles, bones and joints. |
| Maintaining posture | stabilising joints, posture and balance through continued partial muscle contraction. |
| Heat production | also known as thermogenesis. Helps maintain normal body temperature |
| Storage of substances | glycogen and oxygen |
| Contractility | ability to contract (shorten). |
| Excitability | ability to conduct an electrical current. Nerve impulses cause muscles to contract. |
| Extensibility | ability to stretch without being damaged. |
| Elasticity | ability to return to original length and shape after contraction or extension (spring). |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen present |
| Anaerobic respiration | the absence of oxygen |
| Creatine phosphate | protein unique to muscles and is an energy storage form |
| muscle hypertrophy | also known as muscle growth |
| Creatinine | by-product from the breakdown of creatine phosphate |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes eyes |
| Orbicularis oris | closes/pouts lips |
| masseter | mastication/chewing |
| Temporalis | mastication/chewing |
| Sternocleidomastoid | turns and tilts head |
| Trapezius | Pulls head backwards. Elevates (shrugs) and retracts shoulders. |
| Supraspinatus | Initial abduction of shoulder |
| Psoas | Hip flexor (pulls thigh towards trunk) |
| Latissimus dorsi | Extends, adducts and internally rotates arms |
| Quadratus lumborum | Bending backwards or sideways (vertebral extension or lateral flexion). |
| Erector spinae | Extension of the vertebral column. Keeps spine upright |
| Pectoralis major | Draws arms forward: Shoulder flexion and medial rotation. |
| Rectus abdominis | Vertebral flexion: Bending forward (crunches). |
| Internal and external obliques | Rotation, bending sideways. |
| Deltoid | Flexion, abduction and extension of shoulder joint. |
| Biceps brachii | Stabilises shoulder joint; flexion and supination of forearm |
| Triceps brachii | Arm abduction; extends elbow |
| Flexor carpi muscle | Flexes the hand at the wrist joint |
| Extensor carpi muscle | Extends the hand at the wrist joint |
| Gluteus maximus | External rotation, abduction and extension of the hip joint. |
| Piriformis | Externally rotates hips |
| Hamstring | Bends knee (flexes knee) |
| Rectus femoris | Flexes hip and extends knee |
| Thigh abductors | Squeeze the thighs together |
| Tibialis anterior | Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot (and supports medial arch of foot). |
| Soleus | Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. |
| Gastrocnemius | Flexes leg at the knee. Plantar flexion of foot. |
| intercalated discs | Cardiac muscle cells are joined end-to-end by specialised structures |
| hyperplasia | increase in number |
| myocytes | mature cells |
| myoblasts | immature cells that fuse with other myoblasts to create myocytes |
| sarcolemma | cell membrane in muscle cell/fibre |
| transverse tubules | tubes that extend from cell membrane into muscle cells |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | stores calcium needs for muscle contraction |
| myoglobin | Contains red coloured, iron and oxygenbinding protein |
| myofibrils | cylindrical structures formed of bundles of protein filaments within the muscle fibre. |
| myofilaments | smaller filaments |
| actin | thin filaments |
| myosin | thick filaments |
| sarcomeres | basic unit of striated muscle |
| fascia | dense sheet of connective tissue that organises muscle, secures it to skin and provides stability |
Created by:
kirstywilkinson
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