Fluid & electrolytes Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Intracellular | inside cell |
| Extracellular | outside of cell but in compartments |
| Interstitial | in between cell and compartments |
| Hydrostatic pressure | Force of fluid pressure in blood |
| Hydrostatic pressure does what with water? | Pushes |
| Osmotic pressure | Pressure by solutes in solution |
| Osmotic pressure does what with water? | Pulls |
| Oncotic pressure | Colloid pressure; due to albumin in blood |
| Osmolality | concentration of active particle solutes |
| Osmolarity | number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution |
| Hyperosmotic | If osmolality is greater than reference solution |
| Hypo-osmotic | If osmolality is less than reference solution |
| isosmotic | osmolality identical to reference solution |
| Tonicity | number of solutes in a solution compared to blood stream |
| Isotonic | same tonicity as blood; does not cause fluid shifts or changes in cell size |
| Hypotonic | fewer particles in blood' does not cause fluid shift or changes in cell size |
| Hypertonic | more particles than blood |
| osmoreceptors | located in hypothalamus and stimulated by increased plasma concentration; initiates thirst mechanism and ADH release |
| ADH (vasopressins) | synthesized by hypothalamus and released form posterior pituitary; stimulated kidney nephron to reabsorb more water |
| Natriuresis | excretion of large amounts of sodium and water |
| Edema | excess fluid in compartments (swelling) |
| Primary causes of edema | elevated hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic forces in blood, liver failure, protein malnutrition |
| Hypovolemia | dehydration |
| Hypervolemia | over hydrated |
| Sodium range | 135-145 |
| Hyponatremia | Low sodium |
| Hyponatremia s/s | Headache, confusion, coma |
| Hyponatremia causes | excess water intake and diuretics |
| Hypernatremia | high sodium |
| Hypernatremia s/s | lethargy, irritable, seizures, weakness |
| Hypernatremia causes | excessive salt intake |
| Chloride range | 97-107 |
| Hypochloremia | low chloride |
| Hypochloremia s/s | hypotension, shallow breathing |
| Hypochloremia causes | respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis |
| Hyperchloremia | high chloride |
| Hyperchloremia s/s | rapid breathing, tachypnea, hypertension |
| Hyperchloremia causes | metabolic acidosis, kidney failure |
| Potassium range | 3.5-5.1 |
| Hypokalemia | low potassium |
| Hypokalemia s/s | thready pulse, lethargy |
| Hypokalemia causes | diuretics, iv insulin |
| Hyperkalemia | high potassium |
| Hyperkalemia s/s | cardiac arrythmia, cramping, diarrhea |
| Hyperkalemia causes | kidney disfunction, excess potassium intake and ACE inhibitors |
| Magnesium range | 1.5-2.4 |
| Hypomagnesemia | low magnesium |
| Hypomagnesemia s/s | nausea, vomiting, leg cramps |
| Hypomagnesemia causes | under nutrition, long term alcohol use |
| Hypermagnesemia | high magnesium |
| Hypermagnesemia s/s | bradycardia, asystole |
| Hypermagnesemia causes | kidney disease, excess magnesium intake |
| Calcium range | 8.7-10 |
| Hypocalcemia | low calcium |
| Hypocalcemia s/s | numbness, tingling |
| Hypocalcemia causes | use of diuretics, removal of parathyroid gland |
| Hypercalcemia | high calcium |
| Hypercalcemia s/s | vomiting, constipation, thirst |
| Hypercalcemia causes | overactive parathyroid gland, cancer |
| Phosphorus range | 2.5-4.5 |
| Hypophosphatemia | low phosphate |
| Hypophosphatemia s/s | respiratory insufficiency, bone pain |
| Hypophosphatemia causes | Cushing's syndrome, starvation, hyperparathyroidism |
| Hyperphosphatemia | high phosphate |
| Hyperphosphatemia s/s | hyperreflexia, delirium, seizures, hypotension |
| Hyperphosphatemia causes | kidney failure, metabolic/respiratory acidosis |
| potassium= | heart |
| Sodium= | brain (seizures) |
| Serum potassium is always higher where? | inside cell |
| Serum sodium is always higher where? | outside cell |
| NEVER IV PUSH WHAT = DEATH | POTASSIUM |
| EKG T-wave tall | high K+ |
| EKG T-wave short | low K+ |
| Best way to heat core of body quickly | Heated oxygen |
| When calcium rises what happens to phosphorus | goes down |
| Positive Chvostek and Trousseau | Hypocalcemia (low calcium) |
| When magnesium is high reflexes are? | low |
| When magnesium is low what are you at risk for? | heart arrythmias |
| Tachycardia | above 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia | below 60 bpm |
Created by:
Anna91715
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