Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Fluid & electrolytes
final patho
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Intracellular | inside cell |
| Extracellular | outside of cell but in compartments |
| Interstitial | in between cell and compartments |
| Hydrostatic pressure | Force of fluid pressure in blood |
| Hydrostatic pressure does what with water? | Pushes |
| Osmotic pressure | Pressure by solutes in solution |
| Osmotic pressure does what with water? | Pulls |
| Oncotic pressure | Colloid pressure; due to albumin in blood |
| Osmolality | concentration of active particle solutes |
| Osmolarity | number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution |
| Hyperosmotic | If osmolality is greater than reference solution |
| Hypo-osmotic | If osmolality is less than reference solution |
| isosmotic | osmolality identical to reference solution |
| Tonicity | number of solutes in a solution compared to blood stream |
| Isotonic | same tonicity as blood; does not cause fluid shifts or changes in cell size |
| Hypotonic | fewer particles in blood' does not cause fluid shift or changes in cell size |
| Hypertonic | more particles than blood |
| osmoreceptors | located in hypothalamus and stimulated by increased plasma concentration; initiates thirst mechanism and ADH release |
| ADH (vasopressins) | synthesized by hypothalamus and released form posterior pituitary; stimulated kidney nephron to reabsorb more water |
| Natriuresis | excretion of large amounts of sodium and water |
| Edema | excess fluid in compartments (swelling) |
| Primary causes of edema | elevated hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic forces in blood, liver failure, protein malnutrition |
| Hypovolemia | dehydration |
| Hypervolemia | over hydrated |
| Sodium range | 135-145 |
| Hyponatremia | Low sodium |
| Hyponatremia s/s | Headache, confusion, coma |
| Hyponatremia causes | excess water intake and diuretics |
| Hypernatremia | high sodium |
| Hypernatremia s/s | lethargy, irritable, seizures, weakness |
| Hypernatremia causes | excessive salt intake |
| Chloride range | 97-107 |
| Hypochloremia | low chloride |
| Hypochloremia s/s | hypotension, shallow breathing |
| Hypochloremia causes | respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis |
| Hyperchloremia | high chloride |
| Hyperchloremia s/s | rapid breathing, tachypnea, hypertension |
| Hyperchloremia causes | metabolic acidosis, kidney failure |
| Potassium range | 3.5-5.1 |
| Hypokalemia | low potassium |
| Hypokalemia s/s | thready pulse, lethargy |
| Hypokalemia causes | diuretics, iv insulin |
| Hyperkalemia | high potassium |
| Hyperkalemia s/s | cardiac arrythmia, cramping, diarrhea |
| Hyperkalemia causes | kidney disfunction, excess potassium intake and ACE inhibitors |
| Magnesium range | 1.5-2.4 |
| Hypomagnesemia | low magnesium |
| Hypomagnesemia s/s | nausea, vomiting, leg cramps |
| Hypomagnesemia causes | under nutrition, long term alcohol use |
| Hypermagnesemia | high magnesium |
| Hypermagnesemia s/s | bradycardia, asystole |
| Hypermagnesemia causes | kidney disease, excess magnesium intake |
| Calcium range | 8.7-10 |
| Hypocalcemia | low calcium |
| Hypocalcemia s/s | numbness, tingling |
| Hypocalcemia causes | use of diuretics, removal of parathyroid gland |
| Hypercalcemia | high calcium |
| Hypercalcemia s/s | vomiting, constipation, thirst |
| Hypercalcemia causes | overactive parathyroid gland, cancer |
| Phosphorus range | 2.5-4.5 |
| Hypophosphatemia | low phosphate |
| Hypophosphatemia s/s | respiratory insufficiency, bone pain |
| Hypophosphatemia causes | Cushing's syndrome, starvation, hyperparathyroidism |
| Hyperphosphatemia | high phosphate |
| Hyperphosphatemia s/s | hyperreflexia, delirium, seizures, hypotension |
| Hyperphosphatemia causes | kidney failure, metabolic/respiratory acidosis |
| potassium= | heart |
| Sodium= | brain (seizures) |
| Serum potassium is always higher where? | inside cell |
| Serum sodium is always higher where? | outside cell |
| NEVER IV PUSH WHAT = DEATH | POTASSIUM |
| EKG T-wave tall | high K+ |
| EKG T-wave short | low K+ |
| Best way to heat core of body quickly | Heated oxygen |
| When calcium rises what happens to phosphorus | goes down |
| Positive Chvostek and Trousseau | Hypocalcemia (low calcium) |
| When magnesium is high reflexes are? | low |
| When magnesium is low what are you at risk for? | heart arrythmias |
| Tachycardia | above 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia | below 60 bpm |
Created by:
Anna91715
Popular Medical sets