NASM-CPT Ch. 4 Terms Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| Physical activity | Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog). |
| Adherence | The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action. |
| Autonomy | Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave. |
| Intrinsic motivation | When people engage in an activity or behavior because they feel a sense of satisfaction. |
| Third space | A communal space, separate from home or work, where the client experiences their own sense of identity and relationship to others. |
| Behavior change techniques (BCTs) | Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior. |
| Self-efficacy | One’s belief that they can complete a task, goal, or performance; also known as self-confidence. |
| Ambivalence | Describes a person’s state of mixed feelings about a situation. |
| Self-monitoring | Observing, measuring, and evaluating one’s own behavior, often in the form of a diary or log. |
| Determinants of behavior | Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior. |
| Intention | A construct that captures motivational factors that influence behavior. It indicates how hard people are willing to try and how much effort they are planning to exert. |
| Self-determination theory | A broad theoretical framework for the study of human motivation. |
| Autonomous motivation | When motives for exercise relate to valuing the outcome, when exercise is consistent with the client’s identity, or when the client enjoys exercise. |
| Planning | A concrete representation of when and where exercise will occur. |
| Attitudes | The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest. |
| Outcome expectations | The expected positive and negative consequences of a behavior. |
| Stress | The state of mental or emotional tension from demanding circumstances. |
| Perceived behavioral control | An evaluation of whether one has the means, resources, and opportunities to perform a behavior. |
| Affective judgment | Referring to expected pleasure or enjoyment. |
| Subjective norms | Belief that an important person or group of people will approve and support a behavior. |
| Precontemplation | Client does not exercise and is not planning to start exercising within 6 months. |
| Contemplation | When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started; an individual may take action within the next 6 months. |
| Preparation | The client intends to act in the near future, usually within the next month. |
| Action | The client has made specific modifications in their exercise routine within the past 6 months. |
| Maintenance | The client has been exercising for more than 6 months and is working to prevent relapse. |
| Decisional balance | The process of weighing the positive and negative outcomes of engaging in or increasing exercise behavior. |
| Empathy | The ability to identify with another person’s feelings, attitudes, or thoughts. |
| Rapport | A relationship in which two people understand each other’s ideas, have respect for one another, and communicate well. |
| Reflective listening | The process of seeking to understand the meaning of the speaker’s words and restating the idea back to the speaker to confirm that they were understood correctly. |
| Active listening | Listening style that involves having genuine interest in what the speaker is saying; requires the listener to fully concentrate to understand the speaker’s message. |
| Closed-ended questions | Directive questions that can be answered with one word, typically a yes or no. |
| Open-ended questions | Nondirective questions that can’t be answered with a simple yes or no; they require critical thinking to formulate a response. |
| Collecting summaries | Short sentences that continue the client’s thoughts and add momentum to the conversation. |
| Linking summaries | Summaries that tie together information the client has presented, perhaps even from previous sessions. |
| Transitional summaries | Summaries used to wrap up a session or announce a shift in focus. |
| Affirmations | Positive statements about character strengths. |
| Motivational interviewing | Client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. It is an empathetic, collaborative, nonconfrontational, goal-oriented style of communication. |
| Self-discrepancy | An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self. |
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