reproductive path Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
endometriosis | characterized by the prsence and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue; non-neoplastic and has no relation to endometrial cancer |
endometriosis | may be caused by retrograde dissemination of endometrial fragments through the fallopian tube during menstruation; occurs most often in the pelvic area; manifest clinically by severe menstural related pain |
endometrial hyperplasia | abnormal proliferation of endometrial glands, usualy caused by excess estrogen stimulation; most often manifest clinically by postmenopausal bleeding; sometimes a precursor lesion of endometrial atypia |
leiomyoma | most common uterine tumor and most common of all tumors in women |
leiomyoma | benign neoplasm, is estrogen sensitive; often increases in size during pregnancy and decrfeases following menopause |
endometrial carcinoma | most common gynocological malignancy, occurs in older age group (55-65); predisposed by prolonged estrogen stimulation, obesity, diabetes, and HTN |
bartholin cyst | due to obstruction of bartholin ducts, can be secondarily infected, most often by N. gonorrheae or, less often, staph |
vulvar dystrophies | group of disorders of epithelial growth that often present with leukoplakia |
lichen sclerousus and hyperplastic dystrophy of vulva | no malignant potential |
Atypical hyperplastic dystrophy of vulva | premalignant ; pruiritis and leukoplakia |
candidiasis | most common form of vaginitis, cuased by candida albicans (normal flora) |
candidiasis | assocaited with DM, pregnancy, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, oral contraceptive use and immunosuppresion |
candidiasis | white, patch like mucosal lesion, thick white discharge and pruritus |
papillary hidradenoma | most common benign tumor of vuvla; originates from apocrine sweat glands; presents as a labial nodule; may ulcerate. cured by excision |
condyloma acuminatum | benign squamous cell papilloma caused by HPV(usually 6 and 11), multiple wart like lesions |
condyloma acuminatum | characterized histologically by koilocytes, expanded epithelial cells twith perinuclear clearing |
squamous cell carcinoma | most common malignant tumor of the vulva, peak occurence in older women, may be preceded by vulvar dystrophy; often associated with HPV infection type 16,18,31,33 |
sarcoma botryoides | rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma; occurs in children younger than 5, presens as multiple polypoid masses resembling a bunch of grapes projecting into vagina, often protruding from the vulva |
leiomyosarcoma | bulky tumor with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, typically arising de novo |
leiomyosarcoma | highly aggressive tumor with tendancy to recur, may protrude from the cervix and bleed |
polycystic ovarian syndrome | stein-leventhal syndrome |
polycystic ovarian syndrome | increased LH production leads to anovulation, hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis; manifests clinically by amenorrhea, infertility, obesity and hirsutism |
follicular cysts | distension of unruptured graafian follicle. may be associated with hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia |
corpus luteum cysts | hemorrhage into sorpus luteum, menstrual irregularity |
theca-lutein cysts | often bilateral and multiple. due to gonadotropin stimulation. Associated with choriocarcinoma and moles |
chocolate cysts | blood containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis |
dysgerminoma | analogous to male seminoma |
yolk sac tumor | similar to testicular from; produces alpha feto protein |
choriocarcinoma | like testicular version; increased human chorionic growth factor |
teratoma | all 3 germ layers. mature teratoma is benign. immature teratoma is an aggressive malignant tumor |
struma ovarii | contains functional thyroid tissue |
serous cystadenoma | bilateral, lined with fallopian tube like epithelium; benign |
serous cystadenocarcinoma | malignant, frequently bilateral |
mucinous cystadenoma | multilocular cysts lined by mucus-secreting epithelium; benign |
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma | malignant |
brenner tumor | benign, resembles bladder epithelium |
ovarian fibroma | bundles of spindle shapted fibroblasts |
meigs syndrome | triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax |
granulosa cell tumor | secretes estrogen causing precocious puberty or endometrial hyperplasia, call- exner bodies |
dysplasia and carcinoma in situ | disordered epithelial growth begins at basal layer and extends outward, classified by extent of dysplasia (CIN1-3) associated with HPV. may progress to invasive carcinoma |
invasive carcinoma | often squamous cell carcinoma |
benign prostatic hyperplasia | may be due to age related increase in estradiol with the possible sensitization of the prostate by DHT; characterized by nodular enlargment of periurethral lobes, compressing urethra to slit |
prostatic adenocarcinoma | arises most often from posterior lobe and is more frequently diagnosed by digital rectal exam. osteoblastic metastases in bone may develop in late stages |
seminoma | malignant germ cell tumor, mid 30's age group, painless enlargment of the testes, sometimes associated with incresed serum hCG, is radiosensitive |
fibrocystic disease | presents with diffuse brest pain and multiple lesions, bilateral, usually does not indicate increase risk for carcinoma |
fibrosis | hyperplasia of stroma |
cystic | fluid filled |
sclerosing | increased acini and intralobular fibrosis |
epithelial hyperplasia | increase in number of epithelial layers in terminal duct lobule, increased risk of carcinoma with atypical cells, occurs >30 years |
fibroadenoma | most common tumor, < 25 years; small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges, increased size and tenderness during pregnancy |
cstosarcoma phyllodes | large, bulky mass of connective tissue and cysts. tumor may have leaf like projections |
malignant breast tumors | common post menopausal. arise from mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands. over expression of setrogen/progesterone receptors common |
ductal carcinoma in situ | early malignancy without basement membrane penetration |
invasive ductal, no specific type | firm fibrous mass. common. poorer outcome |
comedocarcinoma | ductal, with cheesy consistancy due to central necrosis |
inflammatory tumors | lymphatic involvment; poor prognosis |
invasive lobular | often multiple; bilateral |
medullary tumor | fleshy, cellular, lymphatic infiltrate; good prognosis |
paget's disease of the breast | eczematous patches on nipples |
paget cells | large cells with lcear halo; suggest underlying carcinoma |
Created by:
swohlers
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