Chem-Carbo Metabolis Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Define glycogen | Storeage form of glucose |
Define glycogenesis | Formation of glycogen from glucose |
Define glycogenolysis | Breakdown of glycogen to glucose |
Define glycolysis | Glucose changed to give energy |
Define gluconeogenesis | Formation of glucose from non-carb sources (Fat or protein) |
Define ketonuria | Keytones in urine |
Define ketonemia | Keytones in the blood |
Define ketoacidosis | Blood pH less than 7.35 caused by keytone bodies |
Define hyperglycemia | High blood glucose |
Define hypoglycemia | Low Blood glucose |
Define glucosuria / glycosuria | Glucose in the urine |
Define renal threshold | The amount of glucose that is more then the kidneys can Reabsorb. (160 - 180 mg/dL) |
Define retinopathy | Diseases of the retina |
What is a example of retinopathy | Retina sclerosis (Sclerosis = harding) |
Where is glycogen made | Liver |
Where is glycogen stored | In the liver and muscle |
Where is insulin made | Beta cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas |
What does insulin do | Transports glucose through the cell membrane (Must be present for glucose to enter cells) |
How does insulin affect the blood glucose level | Insulin lowers blood glucose |
Where is glucagon made | Alpha cells of the pancreas |
What does glucagon do | Glucagon is a hormone that stimulates glyconeogenesis (glyconeogenesis is glucose formation from non-carbo sources) |
How does glucagon affect the blood glucose level | Increases the blood glucose level |
Where are ketone bodies made | In the liver |
What are ketone bodies made from | Partically metabolized fatty acids. (They are the waste products from burning of fatty acid - breakdown of ketone bobies) |
What does IDDM stand for | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) |
IDDM is also known as | Type I diabetes |
What is the age of onset for IDDM | Anyage, but most common in young people |
Discribe the type of onset from IDDM | Abrupt |
What are some symptoms of IDDM | Weight loss, polyuria, polydisia, polyphagia |
What does Endogenous mean | Coming from within |
Does a person with IDDM have endogenous insulin | No, none |
What causes IDDM | Genic,distruction of beta cells, autoimmune |
What does NIDDM stand for | NonInsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) |
NIDDM is also known as | Type II Diabetes |
What is the age of onset for NIDDM | Any, more common in adults (Often over 30) |
What are some symptoms of NIDDM | Drozzy after eating |
What does NIDDM stand for | Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
What is another name for NIDDM | Type II Diabetes |
What is the age of onset for NIDDM | Any, more common in adults (often over 30) |
Discribe the type of onset from NIDDM | Gradual |
What causes NIDDM | Genetics,obesity,beta cells exhausted |
Can NIDDM lead to use of oral or insulin use eventually | yes |
Can you change from typeII to a typeI | no |
What are the oral agents used with NIDDM | 1/3 diet alone |
Are oral agents used with IDDM | No |
Which type of diabetes has a tendency to get ketoacidosis | TypeI |
Which type of diabetes may be controlled by diet alone | TypeI |
Which tpye of diabetes is harder to control | TypeI |
what do diabetics metablolize instead of glucose | Fats = Lipids |
What is retinopathy | Slerosis(hardening) of the tiny blood vessels |
Complications of diabetes (8) | Aherosclerosis,Retinopathy,CAD,Poor Wound Healing,Neuropathy,Nephropathy,Peripheral Vascular Disease,Suceptable to Infection |
What is atherosclerosis | Lipids deposits in arteries (too many lipids) |
What is CAD | Corinary artery disease |
What is Retinopathy | Hemorrage-impaired vision-blindness(no glucose metabolizes lipids) |
What is Peripheral vascular disease | Poor circulation due to fatty deposits |
What does Poor wound healing mean | Poor circulation-lack of nutrients-treat with antibiotics |
What does Suceptable to infection mean | WBC are not functioning |
What is Nueropathy | Disease of the Nerves-numbness-loss of feeling in hands and feet |
What is Nephropathy | Disease of the kidney-leak protein in the urine |
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia | Same as insulin shock-too much insulin |
What is a fasting blood glucose sample | No food or beverage for 12 hours (can take meds with a little water) |
What does OGTT stand for | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
What samples are taken for the OGTT | Fasting,1 hour,2hours + 3hours (after drinking sugar water) must drink w/in 5 minutes |
What samples are taken for the OGTT if hypoglycemia is suspected | Also 4 + 5hours blood tests |
Given renal threshold,patient's blood glucose level,how would you determine if glucose will be in the urine | Threshold is 160-180mg/dLIf Glucose is over 180mg/dLUnder 160mg/dL NO |
How is the 2 hours postprandial glucose test done | Draw blood 2 hours after a meal |
Normal result for 2-hour postprandial glucose test | Less than 140mg/dL(fasting normal level is 65-99mg/dL) |
What does Hb-A1c test measure | HbA1+glucose=HbA1c-measures hemoglobin A1 combined with gluocose Normal is 4-6% (Glucose test not Hemoglobin test) |
What is the advantage of the Hb-A1c/glycosylated hemoglobin test | Reflexs the blood glucose over three months |
Diabetic coma insulin level | Low |
Insulin shock insulin level | High |
Dibetic coma blood glucose level | High |
Insulin shock blood glucose level | Low |
Diabetic coma have urine glucose | yes |
Insulin shock have urine glucose | No |
The onset of a Diabetic coma | Hours to days |
The onset of Insulin shock | Suddenly in minutes |
What are the symptoms of a Diabetic coma | Deep breathing,Dehydration,Acid tone smell to breath,Drowsy/Lathargic,Coma |
What are the symptoms of Insulin shock | Shallow breathing,,Perperation,Rapid heart action,Light headed/Fainting,Seems intoxicated,Double vision,Coma |
Treatment for Diabetic coma patient | Insulin |
Treatment for Insulin shock patient | 15g carbs-1 small box of raisins,7-8 lifesavers,1/2 cup of orange juice,1/2 cup regular pop, Meal to follow--NO CANDY BARS |
Created by:
spawmary
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