Ch 4,5,6 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What are the 3 stages of cancer devolopment in chronological order? | Initiation, Promotion and Progression |
Why are cancer cells sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy? | Because cancer cells are dividing all the time |
How often should women have breast self-exams? | once a month |
What is the normal sex chromosome of a normal male? | XY |
How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
Why do sex-linked diseases affect men more than women? | Because they have an X chromosome |
What are two colors that color blind people cannot distinguish? | Red and Green |
What facilitates blood clotting? | Vitamin K |
What occurs with the deficiency or toxicity of potassium? | cardiac arrest |
Do benign tumors metastasize? | No |
What are examples of carcinogens? | cigarettes, asbestos |
What is a risk factor for some types of cancers? | environment |
Cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death in the US. | true |
What contributes to the integrity of mucous membranes? | Vitamin A |
What happens when children are weaned too quickly from breast milk? | Kwashiorkor |
Does the lack of calcium cause goiter | No |
What does DNA contain? | genetic information |
When does the incidence of Down syndrome increase? | with the mother's age |
Turner's Syndrome | one of the sex chromosomes is missing resulting in karyotype of 45, XO, indicating the presence of 45 chromosomes, with only one X chromosome. |
A person should apply sunscreen of at least | 15 spf |
What stands as a warning sign of cancer? | caution |
Biopsy is | surgical removal and examination under a microscope. |
What is nightblindness caused by? | A lack of Vitamin A |
What does lack of Vitamin D in adults result in? | osteomalacia |
What are bleeding gums cause by? | a lack of Vitamin C |
What is weak muscle a sign of? | Vitamin D deficiency |
What are congenital diseases? | those appearing @ birth or shortly after |
What is an example of a familial disease? | Diabetes |
What % chance does a female carrier of a sex-linked trait have of transmitting it to her offspring? | 50% |
adenoma | benign tumor of a gland |
neoplasm | mass of cells that grow more rapidly that normal cells |
promotion | altered cells that proliferate and bear a resemblance to benign neoplasms |
chromosomes | DNA assembled into these units |
hermaphrodite | individuals who have both testes and ovaries |
amniocentesis | small amount of smniotic fluid that is withdrawn for testing |
scurvy | disease due to Vitamin C deficiency |
hypercalcemia | excessive Vitamin D |
osteomalacia | bone disease in adults caused by lack of Vitamin D; softening of the bones |
rickets | deficient bones in children that develops when Vitamin D is deficient and can be devoloped by diet |
hemophiliac | person who blees for long periods of time |
cyst | sac or capsule containing fluid, usually harmless |
sarcoma | highly malignant connective tissue tumors |
____cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological cancers. | ovarian |
Cancer cells develop from normal cells throught a complex process called____. | transformation |
Direct visualization techniques or____are used to assess specific locations and to obtain a tissue biopsy. | endoscopy |
A benign tumor on a gland or____can stimulate oversecretion of a hormone in the structure from which it develops | adenoma |
____cell carcinomas appear on skin that is visibly damaged as rough, flaky, red scales, with or without ulceration. | squamous |
____are malignant neoplasms derived from pigment producing cells | melanomas |
____are benign brain tumors that occur in the membranes that surroung the brain. | meningiomas |
____is the second phase of malignant transformation whereby initiated cells proliferate and resemble benign neoplasms. | promotion |
A____or tumor is a mass of cells that grow more rapidly that normal cells. | neoplasm |
____is the systemic administration of medications to kill tumor cells | chemotherapy |
Cancer signs and symptoms are often mistaken for signs of other, less-threatening diseases | True |
Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of disease and premature death in the U.S. | True |
Malignant tumors do not recur after removal | False benign tumors |
At least 1/3 of all cancers can be attributed to living habits and carcinogens in the environment | True |
Lipomas occur more often in men than in women. | False women do |
A nagging cough or hoarseness can be a non-specific warning sign of cancer | true |
a malignant neoplsm is usually localized to a tissue or organ | false a benign neoplasm |
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer that occurs in nonsmokers | true |
Tumor of the muscle | myoma |
bloody sputum | heomoptysis |
cancers of blood forming tissue | leukemia |
used to detect breast cancer | mammography |
a change in genetic material prepares the cell to become cancerous | initiation |
swallowing difficulties | dysphagia |
cancer cachexia | nutritional wasting |
non-cancerous | benign neoplasm |
tumor marker measured in blood | PSA |
highly malignant connective tissue tumors that originate muscle, fat, bone, and blood vessels | sarcoma |
The allele for color blindness is on the__chromosome. | X |
Some alleles always produce an effect and are said to be____. | dominant |
____is a multi-systemic disease resulting from the dysfunction of the gene that codes for the connective tissue protein fibrillin | Marfan syndrome |
____involves removing cells from the villi through the cervix. | Chronic Billus Sampling |
DNA is assembled into units called____. | chromosomes |
In____the person's sex chromosomes are XXY. | Klinefelter's Syndrome |
____is identified by a break, or weakness, on the long arm of the X chromosome. | Fragile X syndrome |
____are alternate forms of a gene. | Alleles |
____is the failure of two chromosomes to separate as the gametes, either the egg or the sperm, are beign formed. | Nondisjunction |
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common cause of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. | True |
A female may have the sex-linked disease if she is homozygous for the recessive gene. | True |
There are no treatments available for the hereditary diseases | False |
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder | True |
Autosomes determine gender | False |
People with hemophilia do not bleed more profusely or bleed faster than normal; they bleed for a longer period of time | True |
If one parent is normal for a particular condition, each child has a 50% chance of being affected and manifesting the genetic defect | True |
Sex cells divide by a process called mitosis | False |
Phenylketonuria is caused by an autosomal dominant allele | False |
Alleles that always produce an effect are said to be dominant | True |
Only manifest themselves when the person is homozygous for the trait | recessive allele |
An enzyme deficiency cause abnormal lipid metabolism in the brain, which results in progressive mental and physical retardation | Tay-sachs |
Extra fingers or toes | polydactyly |
XO karyotype | Turner's Syndrome |
Identical alleles | homozygous |
Diseases manifest theselves only when a person is homozygous for the defective allele | Autosomal recessive diseases |
cartilage formation in the fetus is defective | achondroplasia |
lack the enzyme necessary to convert galactose, a sugar derived from lactose in milk, to glucose | galactosemia |
different alleles | heterozygous |
a deletion of part of the short arm of choromosome 5 | Cri du chat syndrome |
___is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
Nearly___of adult Americans are overwight or obes despite published recommendation for healthy eating and healthy lifestyles | 1/3 |
____works with calcium to support bone and tooth formation, nerve conduction, and muscle contractions | magnesium |
____is required for absorption of clalcium and phosphorus from the gastrointestinal tract and for mineralization of bone | Vitamin D |
____are chemical compounds consumed in food that are required for vital cellular processes that ensure growth and development, recovery from illness, and prevention of chronic disease | Nutrients |
___are inorganic metals that do not furnish energy | minerals |
Dietary vitamin C is required to prevent and to treat____ | scurvy |
____is caused by inadequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and water | PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition) |
____, though not an esssential mineral, is necessary for the prevention of dental carries | Fluorine |
There are approximately___nutrients that are required by the human body | 40 |
More that 300 candidate genes have been identified that influence obesity in humans | True |
In acute fluorine toxicity, irrecular chalky withe patches occur on the surface of the teeth | True |
The primary manifestation of vitamin E deficiency is hemolytic anemia | true |
obesity is the leadiing preventable cause of death among adults in the U.S. | False |
Excess calcium is excreted through the bile produced by the liver | false |
vitamin K deficiency is common in adults | false |
Health care costs associated with obesity amount to nearly $100 biliion annually within the U.S. | True |
Most large controlled research studies fail to demonstrate the value of vitamin C in the treatment or prevention of the common cold | True |
the thyroid gland stores about 80% of the iodide that is ingested | True |
Children raised in families with one overweight parent have a 80% chance of becoming overweight as an adult. | False |
Can be syntehsized from the amino acid tryptophan | Niacin |
Vitamin D deficiency in children | Rickets |
Organic compounds that have important functions in metabolic reations that result in the release or storage of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins | Vitamins |
Functions as a coenzyme in gas exchange and in fat and carbohydrate metabolism | Biotin |
Antioxidant protects tissues against free radicals | Vitamin C |
Required for synthesis of coagulation factors within the liver | Vitamin K |
Serves as a component in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism and fro red blood cell synthesis | Folic Acid |
Inorganic elements that do not provide energy, but are needed for a number of anabolic and catabolic biochemical reactions within the body | Minerals |
An important regulator for muscle activity and transmission of nerve impulses | Potassium |
Combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, a pigment receptor that absorbs light in the rods of the retina in the eye | Vitamin A |
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