Pathology Q3 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
excess blood in any part | hyperemia/congestion |
purposefully put in a body part by the arterial system | active hyperemia |
results from normal everyday body function, as in exercise or digestion | physiological active hyperemia |
results from an injury or disease process, as in an area of inflammation due to infarction (abnormal) | pathological active hyperemia |
occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased | passive hyperemia |
passive hyperemia is always ____ | pathological |
causes of passive hyperemia | - blood clot - vascular swelling (thickening of vessel walls) - pressure from a lesion |
generalized hyperemia is usually a result of a ___ ___ | heart disorder |
blood settling to the dependent parts of the body due to faulty circulation and caused by reduced pressure from the heart | hypostatic congestion |
a bluish color seen in the tissues caused by diminished blood flow | cyanosis |
solid mass or blood clot in the heart or vascular system | thrombus |
reasons for thrombosis | 1. injury to heart or blood vessels 2. diseases of the blood 3. slow blood |
Where can thrombosis occur? | anywhere in the vascular or venous system |
thrombus that partially occludes the lumen | parietal thrombus |
thrombus that completely occludes the lumen | obstructive thrombus |
thrombus that leads to ischemia or decrease of blood flow | arterial thrombus |
thrombus that leads to passive hyperemia or gangrene | venous thrombus |
condition when a clot or fragment of a clot floats through the blood system, causing an obstruction of the vessel | embolism |
a clot or fragment of a clot that floats through the blood system | embolus |
an embolus can also be... | 1. clumps of bacteria, parasites or tumors 2. fat globules 3. foreign particles 4. air or gas bubbles |
inflammation of a vein due to some disease irritation | phelbitis |
decreased blood flow to a part of the body | ischemia |
causes of ischemia | 1. atherosclerosis 2. embolism |
the thickening of vascular walls usually due to disease | atherosclerosis |
an area to be supplied with blood dies without that supply | infarction |
aka infarction | ischemic necrosis |
aka ischemic necrosis | infarction |
usually refers to a very brief brain attack that leaves no permanent damage or cellular damage (mini-stroke) | transient ischemia attack (TIA) |
chest pain due to the infarction at the heart | angina |
bed sores caused by a lack of blood flow to the skin | decubitus ulcers |
ischemic necrosis in an extremity | gangrene |
___ gangrene is not really gangrene at all, but ischemic necrosis | dry |
dry gangrene is not really gangrene at all, but ___ ___ | ischemic necrosis |
example of dry gangrene | frostbite |
necrotic tissue which has been invaded by saprophytic bacteria | moist/true gangrene |
cause of moist/true gangrene | disturbance of venous return & saprophytic bacteria |
embalmer's nightmare | gas gangrene |
TB mycobacterium whoch forms a white frothy substance, cottage cheese-like purging from the mouth | caseous gangrene |
escape of blood from the vascular system | hemorrhage |
hemorrhage in which blood bursts from the vessel | rupture/rhexis |
hemorrhage in which blood drips from a small opening in the vessel | hemorrhage per dispedesis |
tiny pin-point hemorrhages | petechiae |
large, irregular, circumscribed & localized bruise | ecchymosis |
non-circumscribed widespread areas of purple bruising into the skin or mucous membranes (intact vessels) | purpura |
tumor-like swelling with blood | hematoma |
blood blister | hematoma |
dark tarry feces or vomit due to release of blood into the GI tract | melena |
bleeding in the thorax or pleural cavity | hemothorax |
bleeding in the pericardial cavity | hemopericardium |
bleeding in the abdominal cavity | hemoperitoneum |
blood in the vomit | hematemesis |
blood in the spit | hemoptysis |
bleeding from the schnozola | epitaxis |
the normal process of blood forming into a semi-solid state | coagulation |
hypo perfusion or reduced oxygen flow to the tissues | circulatory shock |
signs of circulatory shock | 1. depressed vessels 2. state of collapse 3. low blood pressure 4. cold & clammy skin |
fainting or mild form of shock | syncope |
shock due to lack of blood volume | hypovolemic |
shock from a heart attack | cardiogenic |
shock from blood infection | septic |
shock from emotional trauma | neurogenic |
an excess of body fluid in the tissues of the body | edema |
an extravascular condition where the excess fluid is not returning to the lymph system or the capillaries | edema |
causes of edema | 1. heart failure 2. obstruction 3. increased capillary permeability 4. decreased osmotic pressure |
widespread edema | anasarca |
edema around a site of inflammation | exudate |
edema of the pleural cavity | hydrothorax |
edema of the pericardium | hydropericardium |
edema of the peritoneal cavity | ascites |
dessication | dehydration |
total decrease in body fluids | dehydration |
causes of dehydration | 1. high temps (febrile disease) 2. high environmental temps 3. Gi diseases 4. glandular diseases |
embalming implication associated with circulatory disorders | 1. diminished circulation 2. dehydration/emaciation 3. hemorrhage 4. rapid decomp 5. abscesses |
blood cells without a nucleus | agranulocytes |
blood cells with a nucleus | granuocytes |
turns into fibrin or sticky strands of networks to form a clot | fibrinogen |
erythrocytes containing hemoglobin | erythroblasts |
a condition which brings about reduction below normal in the red blood cells or normal hemoglobin | anemia |
literally means "no blood" | anemia |
symptoms of anemia | lack of oxygen causing tiredness and dizziness |
lifespan of red blood cells | 120 days |
cause of aplastic anemia | idiopathic (unknown) |
anemia characterized by a lack of vitamin B-12 | pernicious anemia |
digestive problem associated with pernicious anemia | achlorhydria |
anemia characterized by quick loss of blood, either externally or internally | hemorrhagic anemia |
anemia characterized by some particular pathological event that accelerates the destruction of red blood cells | hemolytic anemia |
Created by:
leahmurphy
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