Phlebotomy Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
3 parts of urinalysis | Physical analysis, chemical analysis and microscopic analysis |
physical analysis | color;transparency; odor; concentration through specific gravity measurement |
what is specific gravity | # of dissolved material in the urine; it can be measured in the chemical analysis |
what is the normal value of the urine | 1.005-1.030 |
how long does it take to develop the color on the urine dipsticks | for at least 60 seconds |
which analysis uses dipsticks | chemical analysis |
what does chemical analysis test for | hemoglobin, glucose, protein, ketones, WBCs, bilirubin and pH can be performed |
how many tests can reagent strips have on them | 2-10, depending on the need |
which test is not a CLIA waived test | Microscopic analysis |
Microscopic analysis | cellular material such as WBCs, RBCs and casts, bacteria, trichomonas vaginalis (a parasite), sperm, ranal and epithelial cells, various crystals, yeast |
What are different types of urine collection | random collection, first morning, 24 hour collection, mid-stream clean catch |
what is the time limit for the urine that is transported to the lab | it has to be transported within 1 hour of collection |
what if the urine cannot be transported within the hour | it should be refrigerated promtly |
what does clean catch, mid-stream used for | for urine culture and sensitivity |
What's the other name for Clean catch mid-stream | Urine C&S |
Where does clean catch mid-stream go | it goes to microbiology |
What does 24 hour urine collection measure | it measures kidney function, and one test is called creatinine clearance test |
Random specimens | collected at any time |
First morning | most concentrated |
What is first morning test good for | for things like urine pregnancy tests looking for HCG hormone |
When is lumbar puncture performed | when meningitis, encephalitis or other infectious processes are suspected |
What is lumbar puncture | a retrieval of cerebrospinal fluid |
Cerebrospinal fluid: Commonly ordered tests | total protein, glucose, cell count, culture for microbial organisms, cryptococcus neoformans (an yeast) and cryptococcal antigens |
what 3 tests are most important in determening viral, bacterial meningitis | total protein, glucose, cell count |
how many tubes are used for CSF collection | 3-4 |
Where does tube 1 go | to the chemistry or serology department of the lab |
Where does tube 2 go | to microbiology for culture |
Where does tube 3 go | to cytology and/or microbiology |
What condition should CSF be transported in | at a room temperature |
disease entities that re detected by testing the stool or feces include: | parasites, enteric disorders such as salmonella, shigella and campylobacter pylori, viral disease, colo-rectal cancer |
What is used for detecting colo-rectal cancer | occult blood |
Fecal specimen transportation | should be kept at room temperature and transported to the lab immediately |
How is screening for colorectal cancer done | by giving te patient test cards to take home with special dietary instruction |
Reasons for seminal fluid analysis | examination for fertility , post-vasectomy check, investigation of possible sex crimes |
When is Post-vasectomy test done | 10-14 weeks after vasectomy |
What are the special collection quidelines for assess fertility | not using condoms with spermicide, keeping the specimen out of light and extreme temps and transporting to the lab within 30 mins |
Other body fluids include: | pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid |
What helpful info can be supplied by microbiology dept. | ID of the bacterial pathogen and a list of antimicrobial drugs that are effective and those that not |
What are the dif types of specimen for culture | sputum, wound cultures, throat cultures, urine culture, fecal culture, ear or eye culture, skin scrapings |
Can any body fluid be cultured for microorganisms | YES |
What is the time frame for the speciments that are transported to the clinical microbiology | they have to be transported as quickly as possible |
What are the tests that require special media/swabs or handling | culture for Neisseria honorrhea, viral cultures like herpes, throat cultures |
Culture for Neisseria gonorrhea: special transport includes | both temperature and oxygen sensitive |
Viral cultures: special transport includes | special viral transport media and calcium alginate swabs |
Throat cultures: special transport includes | must stay moist in transport as streptococcal are very delicate and fastidious |
Correct specimen labeling | patients name, patients ID, the date, the time of collection, the type of specimen, the attending physicians name |
Where is the correct labeling spot | label affixed ON the container, not on the lid |
What is amniotic fluid | fluid that bathes the fetus within the amniotic sac |
Why is amniotic fluid obtained | to determine the lung maturity of the fetus |
Handling of the amniotic fluid include | must be protected from light and transported immediately |
Why is synovial fluid tested | to test for gout, infection, joint injury, ostearthritis |
Why is pleural fluid tested | to test for infection and cancer |
Why is peritoneal fluid tested | to determine the cause of fluid in the abdomen, to detect if there is an internal bleeding, to detect a hole in the bladder, and to detect peritonitis |
What are throat swabs for | to test for strep, to find a cause of sore throat |
microaerophilic | specific type of organism that requires oxygen to survive, but requires environments containing lower levels of oxygen that are present in the atmosphere |
anaerobic | without oxygen; |
facultative anaerobe | an anaerobe that can grow in the presence of air or under conditions of reduced oxygen tension |
aerophilic | same as aerobic; means oxygen requiring |
pH | measures degree of acidity/alkalinity |
whats the normal pH of the fresh urine | 5.0-8.0 |
protein or albumin in the urine indicates: | renal disease or urinary tract infection |
glucose presence in the urine means: | the blood levels exceeds the renal threshold and is "spilling" into the urine |
ketones in the urine indicate | that the body is metabolizing fats incompletely and is under severe stress |
billirubin in the urine indicate | liver damage, bile duct obstruction, hemolytic disease of the newborn, allergic reactions or hepatitis |
Definition of billirubin | byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown in the liver |
Blood in the urine is caused by | infection, trauma to kidneys or other urinary organs, kidney stones causing damage |
Definition of urobilinogen | it is a degradation product of bilirubin |
urobilinogen in the urine is caused by | hepatic disease or hemolytic disease |
nitrites in the urine indicates | the presence of a "nitrite producing" bacteria (usually Eschericia) |
Leukocyte Esterase in the urine mean | bacterial infection |
Reasons for tolerance test and fasting | to detect metabolic abnormalities |
Created by:
kseniya
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