Path 8 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Retinoblastoma is a tumor of? | ocular neurons |
when do ocular neurons stop replicating | soon after the post natal period so retinoblastomas must arise during the time that the ocular neurons are still replicating |
When cancer arises in hormonally-responsive tissues do they retain their hormone responsiveness | yes they often retain their hormone responsiveness (this is why anti-hormone therapy can be used to treat hormonally responsive tumors) |
how are patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated | androgen deprivation therapy (orchiectomy and hormone antagonists) |
Some cancers show increased secretion of proteinases such as Cathepsin and matrix metalloproteinases. What benefit do these proteinases provide | allow cancer to spread locally and facilitate invation into and out of vascular structures during metastasis |
how do cancers acquire the oxygen and nutrients that they need? | they grow into existing vessels or create new ones with angiogenesis |
what are some examples of angiogeneic cytokines | VEGF, bFGF, and PD-ECGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor, Basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor) |
what are telomeres | found at the end of chromosomes made up of thousands of TTAGGG repeats that become shorter with each cell replication |
what happens when telomeres become "too short" | they are blocked from entering replication or undergo apoptosis |
what does telomerase do? | can elongate telomeres in "non-template directed" manner (normally expressed in germ cells and some stem cells) |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found? | in carbon fuel combustion and tobacco use |
where are aflatoxins found | in foods contaminated with aspergillus |
what effect does high energy radiation have on DNA? | causes double strand DNA breaks |
High energy radiation increases the risk of all cancers but especially which ones? | lymphoma/leukemia, sarcomas, and thyroid neoplasms |
what is required for "fixation" of mutagenic effects? | Replication |
Do lymphomas/sarcomas or carcinomas tend to be aneuploid with complex, non-uniform genomic changes | Carcinomas |
Do Lymphomas/Sarcomas or carcinomas tend to have specific translocations | Lymphomas and sarcomas |
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UVAPATH1
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