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Path 8
Neoplasia IV pg 13-20 Templeton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Retinoblastoma is a tumor of? | ocular neurons |
| when do ocular neurons stop replicating | soon after the post natal period so retinoblastomas must arise during the time that the ocular neurons are still replicating |
| When cancer arises in hormonally-responsive tissues do they retain their hormone responsiveness | yes they often retain their hormone responsiveness (this is why anti-hormone therapy can be used to treat hormonally responsive tumors) |
| how are patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated | androgen deprivation therapy (orchiectomy and hormone antagonists) |
| Some cancers show increased secretion of proteinases such as Cathepsin and matrix metalloproteinases. What benefit do these proteinases provide | allow cancer to spread locally and facilitate invation into and out of vascular structures during metastasis |
| how do cancers acquire the oxygen and nutrients that they need? | they grow into existing vessels or create new ones with angiogenesis |
| what are some examples of angiogeneic cytokines | VEGF, bFGF, and PD-ECGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor, Basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor) |
| what are telomeres | found at the end of chromosomes made up of thousands of TTAGGG repeats that become shorter with each cell replication |
| what happens when telomeres become "too short" | they are blocked from entering replication or undergo apoptosis |
| what does telomerase do? | can elongate telomeres in "non-template directed" manner (normally expressed in germ cells and some stem cells) |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found? | in carbon fuel combustion and tobacco use |
| where are aflatoxins found | in foods contaminated with aspergillus |
| what effect does high energy radiation have on DNA? | causes double strand DNA breaks |
| High energy radiation increases the risk of all cancers but especially which ones? | lymphoma/leukemia, sarcomas, and thyroid neoplasms |
| what is required for "fixation" of mutagenic effects? | Replication |
| Do lymphomas/sarcomas or carcinomas tend to be aneuploid with complex, non-uniform genomic changes | Carcinomas |
| Do Lymphomas/Sarcomas or carcinomas tend to have specific translocations | Lymphomas and sarcomas |
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UVAPATH1
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