Properties of Leg Muscles
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| Gluteus Max: origin | Ilium, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
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| Gluteus Max: insertion | IT tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
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| Gluteus Max: Action | extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation
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| Gluteus max: innervation | inferior gluteal nerve
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| Gluteus medius: origin | external surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
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| Gluteus medius: insertion | lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
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| Gluteus medius: action | abducts and medially rotates thigh
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| Gluteus medius: innervation | Superior gluteal nerve
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| Gluteus minimus: origin | external surface of ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
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| Gluteus minimus: insertion | anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
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| Gluteus minimus: action | abducts and medially rotates thigh
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| Gluteus minimus: innervation | Superior gluteal nerve
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| Piriformis: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh
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| Piriformis: origin | anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
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| Piriformis: insertion | superior border of greater trochanter of femur
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| Piriformis: innervation | branches of ventral rami of S1 and S2
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| Obturator internus: origin | pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
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| obturator internus: insertion | trochanteric fossa
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| obturator internus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with piriformis)
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| obturator internus: innervation | nerve to obturator internus
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| superior gemellus: origin | ischial spine
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| superior gemellus: insertion | trochanteric fossa
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| superior gemellus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with obturator internus and piriformis)
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| superior gemellus: innervation | nerve to obturator internus
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| inferior gamellus: origin | ischial tuberosity
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| inferior gamellus: insertion | trochanteric fossa
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| inferior gamellus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with piriformis, obturator internus, and superior gamellus)
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| Inferior gamellus: innervation | nerve to quadratus femoris
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| quadratus femoris: origin | lateral border of ischial tuberosity
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| quadratus femoris: insertion | middle portion of intertrochanteric crest and the area below it
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| quadratus femoris: action | laterally rotates thigh
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| quadratus femoris: innervation | nerve to quadratus femoris
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| 5 muscles that act to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum | piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
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| semitendinosus: origin | ischial tuberosity
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| semitendinosus: insertion | medial surface of superior part of tibia
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| semitendinosus: action | extend thigh (flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk)
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| semitendinosus: innervation | tibial division of sciatic nerve
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| semimembranosus: origin | ischial tuberosity
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| semimembranosis: insertion | posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
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| semimembranosis: action | extend thigh (flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk)
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| semimembranosis: innervation | tibial division of sciatic nerve
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| biceps femoris: origin | Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
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| biceps femoris: insertion | lateral side of head of fibula
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| biceps femoris: action | flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh
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| biceps femoris: innervation | Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve. Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
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| 3 hamstring muscles | semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
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| pectineus: origin | superior ramus of pubis
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| pectineus: insertion | pectineal l ine of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter
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| pectineus: action | adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh
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| pectineus: innervation | femoral nerve
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| psoas major: origin | sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and their discs, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebra
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| psoas major: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint
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| psoas major: insertion | lesser trochanter of femur
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| psoas major: innervation | ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-3)
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| psoas minor: origin | sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and discs
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| psoas minor: insertion | pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch
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| psoas minor: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint (with psoas major and iliacus)
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| psoas minor: innervation | ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-2)
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| iliacus: origin | iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
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| iliacus: insertion | tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and distal femur
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| iliacus: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint (with psoas major and minor)
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| iliacus: innervation | femoral nerve
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| 3 iliopsoas muscles | psoas major and minor, iliacus
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| tensor fascia lata: origin | anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest
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| tensor fascia lata: insertion | IT tract that attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia
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| tensor fascia lata: action | abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh
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| tensor fascia lata: innervation | superior gluteal nerve
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| sartorius: origin | anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
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| sartorius: insertion | superior part of medial surface of tibia
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| sartorius: action | flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint
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| sartorius: innervation | femoral nerve
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| Muscles of quadriceps femoris | rectus femoris, vastus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
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| Quadriceps group: insertion | base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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| quadriceps group: action | extend leg at knee
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| quadriceps group: innervation | femoral nerve
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| rectus femoris: origin | anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
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| rectus femoris: action | extends leg at knee, steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
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| vastus lateralis: origin | greater tochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
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| vastus medialis: origin | intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
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| vastus intermedius: origin | anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
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| adductor longus: origin | body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
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| adductor longus: insertion | middle third of linea aspera of femur
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| adductor longus: action | adducts thigh
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| adductor longus: innervation | obturator nerve, branch of anterior division
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| adductor brevis: origin | body and inferior ramus of pubis
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| adductor brevis: insertion | pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
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| adductor brevis: action | adducts thigh and to some extent flexes it
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| adductor brevis: innervation | obturator nerve, branch of anterior division
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| adductor magnus (adductor part): origin | inferior ramus of pubic ramus of ischium
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| adductor magnus (adductor part): insertion | gluteal tuberosity, lineal aspera, medial supracondylar line
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| adductor magnus (adductor part): action | adducts and flexes thigh
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| adductor magnus (adductor part): innervation | obturator nerve, branches of posterior division
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| adductor magnus(hamstring part): origin | ischial tuberosity
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| adductor magnus (hamstring part): insertion | adductor tubercle of femur
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| adductor magnus (hamstring part): action | adducts and extends thigh
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| adductor magnus (hamstring part): innervation | tibial part of sciatic nerve
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| gracilis: origin | body and inferior ramus of pubis
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| gracilis: insertion | superior part of medial surface of tibia
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| gracilis; act ion | adducts thigh, flexes leg, and helps rotate it medially
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| gracilis: innervation | obturator nerve
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| obturator externus: origin | margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
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| obturator externus: insertion | trochanteric fossa of femur
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| obturator externus: innervation | obturator nerve
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| obturator externus: action | laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
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| tibialis anterior; origin | lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
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| tibialis anterior: insertion | medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
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| tibialis anterior; action | dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
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| tibialis anterior: innervation | deep fibular (peroneal)nerve
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| extensor digitorum longus: origin | lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of the fibula and interosseus membrane
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| extensor digitorum longus: insertion | middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
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| extensor digitorum longus: action | extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle
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| extensor digitorum longus: innervation | deep fibular nerve
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| extensor hallucis longus: origin | middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
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| extensor hallucis longus: insertion | dorsal aspect of base of distal phalynx of great toe
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| extensor hallucis longus: action | extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
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| extensor hallucis longus: innervation | deep fibular nerve
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| fibularus (peroneus) tertius: origin | inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
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| fibularis (peroneus) tertius: insertion | dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
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| fibularis (peroneus) tertius; action | dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of the foot
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| fibularis tertius: innervation | deep fibular nerve
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| fibularus longus: origin | head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
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| fibularis longus: insertion | base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
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| fibularis longus: action | everts foot and weakly plantar flexes ankle
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| fibularis longus: innervation | superficial fibular nerve
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| fibularis brevis: origin | inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
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| fibularis brevis: insertion | dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
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| fibularis brevis: action | everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
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| fbularis brvis: innervation | superficial fibular nerve
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| 4 muscles of the anterior and lateral leg that are innervated by the deep fibular nerve | tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
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| 2 muscles of the anterior/ lateral leg that are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve | fibularis longus and brevis
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| gastrocnemius:origin | lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle. Medial Head: popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle
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| gastroc: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
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| gastroc: action | plantarflexes anke when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee
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| gastroc: innervation | tibial nerve
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| soleus; origin | posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, medial border of tibia
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| soleus: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
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| soleus: action | plantarflexes ankle independent of knee position and steadies leg on foot
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| soleus: innervation | tibial nerve
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| plantaris: origin | inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
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| plantaris: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
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| plantaris: action | weakly assists gastroc in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee
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| plantaris: innervation | tibial nerve
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| popliteus: origin | lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
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| popliteus: insertion | posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
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| popliteus: action | weakly flexes knee and unlocks it
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| popliteus: innervation | tibial nerve
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| flexor hallucis longus: origin | inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
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| flexor hallucis longus: insertion | base of distal phalynx of great toe
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| flexor hallucis longus: action | flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot
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| flexor hallucis longus: innervation | tibial nerve
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| flexor digitorum longus: origin | medial part of post surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
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| flexor digitorum longus: insertion | bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
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| flexor digitorum longus: action | flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
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| flexor digitorum longus: innervation | tibial nerve
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| tibilais posterior: origin | interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula
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| tibialis posterior: insertion | tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid, and bases of 2-4 metatarsals
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| tibialis posterior: action | plantarflexes ankle and inverts foot
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| tibialis posterior: innervation | tibial nerve
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| All posterior leg muscles are innervated by this | tibial nerve
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| 2 gluteal muscles innervated by the nerve to obturator intermus | obturator internus, superior gemellus
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| 2 muscles innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris | inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
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| 3 posterior thigh muscles | semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
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| Exception to the rule that all hamstring muscles are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve | Short head of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
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| 10 anterior thigh muscles | pectineus, psoas major and minor, iliacus, tensor fascia lata, sartorius, 4 quad muscles
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| 5 medial thigh muscles | adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
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| All medial thigh muscles are innervated by this nerve | obturator nerve
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| Anterior and lateral muscles of the leg are innervated by this nerve | Fibular nerve
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| Nerve of posterior leg muscles | tibial nerve
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