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Leg Muscles
Properties of Leg Muscles
| Muscle Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Gluteus Max: origin | Ilium, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament |
| Gluteus Max: insertion | IT tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur |
| Gluteus Max: Action | extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation |
| Gluteus max: innervation | inferior gluteal nerve |
| Gluteus medius: origin | external surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines |
| Gluteus medius: insertion | lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur |
| Gluteus medius: action | abducts and medially rotates thigh |
| Gluteus medius: innervation | Superior gluteal nerve |
| Gluteus minimus: origin | external surface of ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines |
| Gluteus minimus: insertion | anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur |
| Gluteus minimus: action | abducts and medially rotates thigh |
| Gluteus minimus: innervation | Superior gluteal nerve |
| Piriformis: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh |
| Piriformis: origin | anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament |
| Piriformis: insertion | superior border of greater trochanter of femur |
| Piriformis: innervation | branches of ventral rami of S1 and S2 |
| Obturator internus: origin | pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones |
| obturator internus: insertion | trochanteric fossa |
| obturator internus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with piriformis) |
| obturator internus: innervation | nerve to obturator internus |
| superior gemellus: origin | ischial spine |
| superior gemellus: insertion | trochanteric fossa |
| superior gemellus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with obturator internus and piriformis) |
| superior gemellus: innervation | nerve to obturator internus |
| inferior gamellus: origin | ischial tuberosity |
| inferior gamellus: insertion | trochanteric fossa |
| inferior gamellus: action | laterally rotates extended thigh and abducts flexed thigh (with piriformis, obturator internus, and superior gamellus) |
| Inferior gamellus: innervation | nerve to quadratus femoris |
| quadratus femoris: origin | lateral border of ischial tuberosity |
| quadratus femoris: insertion | middle portion of intertrochanteric crest and the area below it |
| quadratus femoris: action | laterally rotates thigh |
| quadratus femoris: innervation | nerve to quadratus femoris |
| 5 muscles that act to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum | piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris |
| semitendinosus: origin | ischial tuberosity |
| semitendinosus: insertion | medial surface of superior part of tibia |
| semitendinosus: action | extend thigh (flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk) |
| semitendinosus: innervation | tibial division of sciatic nerve |
| semimembranosus: origin | ischial tuberosity |
| semimembranosis: insertion | posterior part of medial condyle of tibia |
| semimembranosis: action | extend thigh (flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk) |
| semimembranosis: innervation | tibial division of sciatic nerve |
| biceps femoris: origin | Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur |
| biceps femoris: insertion | lateral side of head of fibula |
| biceps femoris: action | flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh |
| biceps femoris: innervation | Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve. Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve |
| 3 hamstring muscles | semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris |
| pectineus: origin | superior ramus of pubis |
| pectineus: insertion | pectineal l ine of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter |
| pectineus: action | adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh |
| pectineus: innervation | femoral nerve |
| psoas major: origin | sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and their discs, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebra |
| psoas major: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint |
| psoas major: insertion | lesser trochanter of femur |
| psoas major: innervation | ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-3) |
| psoas minor: origin | sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and discs |
| psoas minor: insertion | pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch |
| psoas minor: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint (with psoas major and iliacus) |
| psoas minor: innervation | ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1-2) |
| iliacus: origin | iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments |
| iliacus: insertion | tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and distal femur |
| iliacus: action | flex thigh and stabilize joint (with psoas major and minor) |
| iliacus: innervation | femoral nerve |
| 3 iliopsoas muscles | psoas major and minor, iliacus |
| tensor fascia lata: origin | anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest |
| tensor fascia lata: insertion | IT tract that attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia |
| tensor fascia lata: action | abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh |
| tensor fascia lata: innervation | superior gluteal nerve |
| sartorius: origin | anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it |
| sartorius: insertion | superior part of medial surface of tibia |
| sartorius: action | flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint |
| sartorius: innervation | femoral nerve |
| Muscles of quadriceps femoris | rectus femoris, vastus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius |
| Quadriceps group: insertion | base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity |
| quadriceps group: action | extend leg at knee |
| quadriceps group: innervation | femoral nerve |
| rectus femoris: origin | anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum |
| rectus femoris: action | extends leg at knee, steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh |
| vastus lateralis: origin | greater tochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur |
| vastus medialis: origin | intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur |
| vastus intermedius: origin | anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur |
| adductor longus: origin | body of pubis inferior to pubic crest |
| adductor longus: insertion | middle third of linea aspera of femur |
| adductor longus: action | adducts thigh |
| adductor longus: innervation | obturator nerve, branch of anterior division |
| adductor brevis: origin | body and inferior ramus of pubis |
| adductor brevis: insertion | pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera |
| adductor brevis: action | adducts thigh and to some extent flexes it |
| adductor brevis: innervation | obturator nerve, branch of anterior division |
| adductor magnus (adductor part): origin | inferior ramus of pubic ramus of ischium |
| adductor magnus (adductor part): insertion | gluteal tuberosity, lineal aspera, medial supracondylar line |
| adductor magnus (adductor part): action | adducts and flexes thigh |
| adductor magnus (adductor part): innervation | obturator nerve, branches of posterior division |
| adductor magnus(hamstring part): origin | ischial tuberosity |
| adductor magnus (hamstring part): insertion | adductor tubercle of femur |
| adductor magnus (hamstring part): action | adducts and extends thigh |
| adductor magnus (hamstring part): innervation | tibial part of sciatic nerve |
| gracilis: origin | body and inferior ramus of pubis |
| gracilis: insertion | superior part of medial surface of tibia |
| gracilis; act ion | adducts thigh, flexes leg, and helps rotate it medially |
| gracilis: innervation | obturator nerve |
| obturator externus: origin | margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane |
| obturator externus: insertion | trochanteric fossa of femur |
| obturator externus: innervation | obturator nerve |
| obturator externus: action | laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum |
| tibialis anterior; origin | lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane |
| tibialis anterior: insertion | medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal |
| tibialis anterior; action | dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot |
| tibialis anterior: innervation | deep fibular (peroneal)nerve |
| extensor digitorum longus: origin | lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of the fibula and interosseus membrane |
| extensor digitorum longus: insertion | middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits |
| extensor digitorum longus: action | extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle |
| extensor digitorum longus: innervation | deep fibular nerve |
| extensor hallucis longus: origin | middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane |
| extensor hallucis longus: insertion | dorsal aspect of base of distal phalynx of great toe |
| extensor hallucis longus: action | extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle |
| extensor hallucis longus: innervation | deep fibular nerve |
| fibularus (peroneus) tertius: origin | inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane |
| fibularis (peroneus) tertius: insertion | dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal |
| fibularis (peroneus) tertius; action | dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of the foot |
| fibularis tertius: innervation | deep fibular nerve |
| fibularus longus: origin | head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula |
| fibularis longus: insertion | base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform |
| fibularis longus: action | everts foot and weakly plantar flexes ankle |
| fibularis longus: innervation | superficial fibular nerve |
| fibularis brevis: origin | inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula |
| fibularis brevis: insertion | dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal |
| fibularis brevis: action | everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle |
| fbularis brvis: innervation | superficial fibular nerve |
| 4 muscles of the anterior and lateral leg that are innervated by the deep fibular nerve | tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius |
| 2 muscles of the anterior/ lateral leg that are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve | fibularis longus and brevis |
| gastrocnemius:origin | lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral femoral condyle. Medial Head: popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle |
| gastroc: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneal tendon |
| gastroc: action | plantarflexes anke when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee |
| gastroc: innervation | tibial nerve |
| soleus; origin | posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, medial border of tibia |
| soleus: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
| soleus: action | plantarflexes ankle independent of knee position and steadies leg on foot |
| soleus: innervation | tibial nerve |
| plantaris: origin | inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament |
| plantaris: insertion | posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
| plantaris: action | weakly assists gastroc in plantarflexing ankle and flexing knee |
| plantaris: innervation | tibial nerve |
| popliteus: origin | lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus |
| popliteus: insertion | posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line |
| popliteus: action | weakly flexes knee and unlocks it |
| popliteus: innervation | tibial nerve |
| flexor hallucis longus: origin | inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane |
| flexor hallucis longus: insertion | base of distal phalynx of great toe |
| flexor hallucis longus: action | flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot |
| flexor hallucis longus: innervation | tibial nerve |
| flexor digitorum longus: origin | medial part of post surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula |
| flexor digitorum longus: insertion | bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits |
| flexor digitorum longus: action | flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot |
| flexor digitorum longus: innervation | tibial nerve |
| tibilais posterior: origin | interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula |
| tibialis posterior: insertion | tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid, and bases of 2-4 metatarsals |
| tibialis posterior: action | plantarflexes ankle and inverts foot |
| tibialis posterior: innervation | tibial nerve |
| All posterior leg muscles are innervated by this | tibial nerve |
| 2 gluteal muscles innervated by the nerve to obturator intermus | obturator internus, superior gemellus |
| 2 muscles innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris | inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris |
| 3 posterior thigh muscles | semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris |
| Exception to the rule that all hamstring muscles are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve | Short head of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve |
| 10 anterior thigh muscles | pectineus, psoas major and minor, iliacus, tensor fascia lata, sartorius, 4 quad muscles |
| 5 medial thigh muscles | adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus |
| All medial thigh muscles are innervated by this nerve | obturator nerve |
| Anterior and lateral muscles of the leg are innervated by this nerve | Fibular nerve |
| Nerve of posterior leg muscles | tibial nerve |
Created by:
JillLindelow
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