Hematic Lymph System
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| Functions of blood: | Provides transportation for all body tissues. Functions in protecting against infections. Maintains cells responsible for immunity
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| What are the 3 major blood cells: | Erythrocytes(red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) & thrombocytes(platelets)
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| Composition: | Solid=cellular, makes up 45% of blood. Liquid=Plasma, yellow coloured, makes up 55% of blood. & is 90% water. Remainder; Proteins,sugars,hormones,minerals
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| Erythrocytes: | Most numerous of blood cells, specialized cell for transport of oxygen & carbon dioxide.
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| Hematocrit: | The number of packed red blood cells.
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| Leukocytes: | Protects the body from bacteria & foreign materials. Leave the blood to search&destroy bacteria in tissue&cells.
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| 2 types of Leukocytes: | Granulocytes & Agrandulocytes.
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| Granulocytes(leukocyte): | Have granules in their cytoplasm. Formed in red bone marrow. Form myeloblasts then differentiate into Neurophils,Basophils & Eosinophils
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| Neutrophil: | Most numerous leukocyte. highly phagocytic. Surrounds & destroys bacteria.1st cell to appear at a site of injury or infection
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| Basophil: | Least numerous leukocyte. Increase in number with chronic inflammation or healing.Releases histamines & heparin
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| Basophil-Histamine: | Initiates allergic reaction. increases blood flow for repair & healing.
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| Basophil-Heparin: | Anticuagulant formed in the liver.
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| Eosinophil: | 2nd most numerous leukocyte. Consumes toxic substances in tissues.Neutralizes toxins
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| Agranulocytes(leukocyte): | 0 granules in cytoplasm. Have a single nucleus=mononuclear. there are 2types: Monocytes & lymphocytes.
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| Monocytes(Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature&leave blood stream & enter the lymphatic system, as phagocytes to clean up cells&forgein materials.
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| Lymphocytes(Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Protect against infection.types;Bcells & Tcells which use antigens to produce natural killers
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| Tcells (Lymphocytes/Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature in the thymus gland. Use cellular immunity to protect the body. Uses antigens to produce natural killers
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| Bcells (Lymphocytes/Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature in the bone marrow. Use humoral immunity to protect the body. Use antibodies to neutralize antigens
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| Thrombocytes(platelets): | 2nd most numerous blood cell.Live 7-10days. Tiny fragments of cytoplasm that detach from the megakayocytes in bone marrow.Prevent blood loss.Form tiny plug in vessel walls&releases a chemical to promote clotting.
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| Blood systems&Groups: | 2types; ABO system & Rh system. Depending on presence or absence of proteins&sugars(antigens on surface of body)& proteins called antibodies in the plasma of your blood.
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| O negative blood types are: | Universal donors because patients of all blood types can receive O Rh negative.
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| Platelets: | Smallest formed elements found in blood.Not true cells.Initiate blood clotting.
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| antibody: | Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to presence of a foreign substance called an antigen.
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| Antigen: | Substance recognized as harmful to the host and stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual.
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| extracellular fluid: | All body fluids found outside cells, including interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph and cerebrospinal fluid.
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| Natural Killer Cells: | Specialized lymphocytes created by the T cell that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell memebrane causing its intercellular fluids to leak out.
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| Anemia: | Condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of blood is deficient.Not a disease rather a symptom of various diseases.Results from decrease in;RBCs circulating,amount of hemoglobin within them,in volume of packed erythrocytes.
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| AIDS: | Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease
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| Autoimmune Disease: | Failure of the body to distinguish accurately between "self" & "nonself". The immune system attacks the antigens found on its own cells to such an extent that tissue injury results.
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| Myasthenia Gravis: | Disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction.Muscles of the limbs,eyes and those affecting speech & swallowing are usually involved.
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| Edema: | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body.
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| Hemophilia: | Hereditary disorder in which the blood-clotting mechanism is impaired.2types;Hemophilia A&B. Varies from mild to severe. Disease is found most commonly in men.
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| Infectious Mononucleosis: | One of the acute infections caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Usually in young adults.Called the 'kissing disease'.
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| Leukemia: | Overgrowth of blood cells. Malignant cells help replace healthy bone marrow cells.
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| Hodgkins Disease: | Malignant disease primarily of the lymph nodes. Begins with painless enlargement of lymph nodes.
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| Kaposi Sacroma: | Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle & fibrous tissue. Closely associated with AIDS
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| Ag | Agglutination
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| AHF | Antihemophiliac Factor VIII
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| Eosinophil is: | A cell that releases toxins
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| Reticulocyte is: | An immature red blood cell
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| Erythrocyte is: | A mature red blood cell
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| Megakaryocyte is: | A very large gigantic cell
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| Myelocyte is: | An immature white blood cell
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| Monocyte is: | A cell that digests
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| Basophil is: | A cell that releases histamine
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| Hemocytoblast is: | A stem cell
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| Lymphocyte is: | A cell that produces antibodies
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| Leukocyte is: | A mature white blood cell
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| Neutrophil is: | A cell that has 3-4 lobes
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| Thrombocyte is: | A cell that aids in clotting
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| What near mature RBC is usually found in both the bone marrow & the blood: | Reticulocyte
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| What do lymph nodes do: | Filter and collect bacteria.
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| What does the spleen do: | Filters blood and stores platelets
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| Which cell contains Hb: | Erythrocytes
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| Some of these cells are phagocytic: | Leukocytes
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| These cells function in the prevention of disease: | Leukocytes
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| These cells primary function is homeostasis: | Thrombocytes
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| Erythema: | Redness of the skin
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| Plasma: | Liquid portio of blood with coagulation proteins
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| Hematocrit: | The volume of packed red blood cells
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| Hypotension: | Low blood pressure
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| Capillaries: | Gas exchange through walls
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| Phagocytosis: | Condition of ingesting cells
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| Autoimmune disease: | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish self and non-self
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| Antibody: | Defends against an antigen
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| Homologous Transfusion: | Transfusion from others with compatible blood
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| Autologous Transfusion: | Transfusion from one's own blood
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| Serum: | Liquid portion of blood without coagulation proteins
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| Edema: | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in intercellular spaces
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| The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are: | Monocytes and macrophages
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| How long does it take a blast cell to mature? | 5-7days
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| What is the pH of blood: | 7.35-7.45
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| A primary responce takes how many days to develop: | 5-6
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| Folic-Acid deficiency Anemia: | RBCs are large & deformed with a diminished production rate&life span.Caused by insufficient folic acid intake due to poor diet etc.
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| Hemolytic Anemia: | Associated with premature destruction of RBCs usually accompanied by jaundice.Caused by the excessive destruction of RBCs or such disorders as erythroblastosis & sickle cell anemia
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| Hemorrhagic Anemia: | Associated with loss of blood volume.Caused by acute blood loss
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| Iron-deficiency Anemia: | Most common anemia world-wide.Caused by a greater demand on stored iron than can be supplied, usually due to diet
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| Pernicious Anemia: | Chronic,Progressive disorder found mostly in people older than 50.Treatment B12shots.Caused by low levels of B12.
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| Sickle Cell Anemia: | Most common genetic disorder in people of African descent.RBCs become crescent & irregularly shaped.
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| Aplastic(hypoplastic) | Associated with bone marrow failure.Can be fatal.Caused by exposure to cytotoxic agents,radiation,hepV & certain medications
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Created by:
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