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Hematic Lymph System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of blood: | Provides transportation for all body tissues. Functions in protecting against infections. Maintains cells responsible for immunity |
| What are the 3 major blood cells: | Erythrocytes(red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) & thrombocytes(platelets) |
| Composition: | Solid=cellular, makes up 45% of blood. Liquid=Plasma, yellow coloured, makes up 55% of blood. & is 90% water. Remainder; Proteins,sugars,hormones,minerals |
| Erythrocytes: | Most numerous of blood cells, specialized cell for transport of oxygen & carbon dioxide. |
| Hematocrit: | The number of packed red blood cells. |
| Leukocytes: | Protects the body from bacteria & foreign materials. Leave the blood to search&destroy bacteria in tissue&cells. |
| 2 types of Leukocytes: | Granulocytes & Agrandulocytes. |
| Granulocytes(leukocyte): | Have granules in their cytoplasm. Formed in red bone marrow. Form myeloblasts then differentiate into Neurophils,Basophils & Eosinophils |
| Neutrophil: | Most numerous leukocyte. highly phagocytic. Surrounds & destroys bacteria.1st cell to appear at a site of injury or infection |
| Basophil: | Least numerous leukocyte. Increase in number with chronic inflammation or healing.Releases histamines & heparin |
| Basophil-Histamine: | Initiates allergic reaction. increases blood flow for repair & healing. |
| Basophil-Heparin: | Anticuagulant formed in the liver. |
| Eosinophil: | 2nd most numerous leukocyte. Consumes toxic substances in tissues.Neutralizes toxins |
| Agranulocytes(leukocyte): | 0 granules in cytoplasm. Have a single nucleus=mononuclear. there are 2types: Monocytes & lymphocytes. |
| Monocytes(Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature&leave blood stream & enter the lymphatic system, as phagocytes to clean up cells&forgein materials. |
| Lymphocytes(Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Protect against infection.types;Bcells & Tcells which use antigens to produce natural killers |
| Tcells (Lymphocytes/Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature in the thymus gland. Use cellular immunity to protect the body. Uses antigens to produce natural killers |
| Bcells (Lymphocytes/Agranulocytes/leukocyte): | Mature in the bone marrow. Use humoral immunity to protect the body. Use antibodies to neutralize antigens |
| Thrombocytes(platelets): | 2nd most numerous blood cell.Live 7-10days. Tiny fragments of cytoplasm that detach from the megakayocytes in bone marrow.Prevent blood loss.Form tiny plug in vessel walls&releases a chemical to promote clotting. |
| Blood systems&Groups: | 2types; ABO system & Rh system. Depending on presence or absence of proteins&sugars(antigens on surface of body)& proteins called antibodies in the plasma of your blood. |
| O negative blood types are: | Universal donors because patients of all blood types can receive O Rh negative. |
| Platelets: | Smallest formed elements found in blood.Not true cells.Initiate blood clotting. |
| antibody: | Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to presence of a foreign substance called an antigen. |
| Antigen: | Substance recognized as harmful to the host and stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual. |
| extracellular fluid: | All body fluids found outside cells, including interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph and cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Natural Killer Cells: | Specialized lymphocytes created by the T cell that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell memebrane causing its intercellular fluids to leak out. |
| Anemia: | Condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of blood is deficient.Not a disease rather a symptom of various diseases.Results from decrease in;RBCs circulating,amount of hemoglobin within them,in volume of packed erythrocytes. |
| AIDS: | Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease |
| Autoimmune Disease: | Failure of the body to distinguish accurately between "self" & "nonself". The immune system attacks the antigens found on its own cells to such an extent that tissue injury results. |
| Myasthenia Gravis: | Disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction.Muscles of the limbs,eyes and those affecting speech & swallowing are usually involved. |
| Edema: | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body. |
| Hemophilia: | Hereditary disorder in which the blood-clotting mechanism is impaired.2types;Hemophilia A&B. Varies from mild to severe. Disease is found most commonly in men. |
| Infectious Mononucleosis: | One of the acute infections caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Usually in young adults.Called the 'kissing disease'. |
| Leukemia: | Overgrowth of blood cells. Malignant cells help replace healthy bone marrow cells. |
| Hodgkins Disease: | Malignant disease primarily of the lymph nodes. Begins with painless enlargement of lymph nodes. |
| Kaposi Sacroma: | Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle & fibrous tissue. Closely associated with AIDS |
| Ag | Agglutination |
| AHF | Antihemophiliac Factor VIII |
| Eosinophil is: | A cell that releases toxins |
| Reticulocyte is: | An immature red blood cell |
| Erythrocyte is: | A mature red blood cell |
| Megakaryocyte is: | A very large gigantic cell |
| Myelocyte is: | An immature white blood cell |
| Monocyte is: | A cell that digests |
| Basophil is: | A cell that releases histamine |
| Hemocytoblast is: | A stem cell |
| Lymphocyte is: | A cell that produces antibodies |
| Leukocyte is: | A mature white blood cell |
| Neutrophil is: | A cell that has 3-4 lobes |
| Thrombocyte is: | A cell that aids in clotting |
| What near mature RBC is usually found in both the bone marrow & the blood: | Reticulocyte |
| What do lymph nodes do: | Filter and collect bacteria. |
| What does the spleen do: | Filters blood and stores platelets |
| Which cell contains Hb: | Erythrocytes |
| Some of these cells are phagocytic: | Leukocytes |
| These cells function in the prevention of disease: | Leukocytes |
| These cells primary function is homeostasis: | Thrombocytes |
| Erythema: | Redness of the skin |
| Plasma: | Liquid portio of blood with coagulation proteins |
| Hematocrit: | The volume of packed red blood cells |
| Hypotension: | Low blood pressure |
| Capillaries: | Gas exchange through walls |
| Phagocytosis: | Condition of ingesting cells |
| Autoimmune disease: | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish self and non-self |
| Antibody: | Defends against an antigen |
| Homologous Transfusion: | Transfusion from others with compatible blood |
| Autologous Transfusion: | Transfusion from one's own blood |
| Serum: | Liquid portion of blood without coagulation proteins |
| Edema: | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in intercellular spaces |
| The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are: | Monocytes and macrophages |
| How long does it take a blast cell to mature? | 5-7days |
| What is the pH of blood: | 7.35-7.45 |
| A primary responce takes how many days to develop: | 5-6 |
| Folic-Acid deficiency Anemia: | RBCs are large & deformed with a diminished production rate&life span.Caused by insufficient folic acid intake due to poor diet etc. |
| Hemolytic Anemia: | Associated with premature destruction of RBCs usually accompanied by jaundice.Caused by the excessive destruction of RBCs or such disorders as erythroblastosis & sickle cell anemia |
| Hemorrhagic Anemia: | Associated with loss of blood volume.Caused by acute blood loss |
| Iron-deficiency Anemia: | Most common anemia world-wide.Caused by a greater demand on stored iron than can be supplied, usually due to diet |
| Pernicious Anemia: | Chronic,Progressive disorder found mostly in people older than 50.Treatment B12shots.Caused by low levels of B12. |
| Sickle Cell Anemia: | Most common genetic disorder in people of African descent.RBCs become crescent & irregularly shaped. |
| Aplastic(hypoplastic) | Associated with bone marrow failure.Can be fatal.Caused by exposure to cytotoxic agents,radiation,hepV & certain medications |
Created by:
Brittanyyy
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