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MOP CH 1-2

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Question
Answer
critical thinking   1.sort information 2.look at what already known 3.think of ways to solve  
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perceive   what you think is going on by what you see  
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perception   process what you have seen and internalize it  
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pandemic   countries or lots of people affected  
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holistic   looking at the whole body  
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naturopathic   treatment of the whole body with all natural meds such as herbs, 15 states license these doctors  
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osteopathic   looks at musculoskeletal system, treats with manipulation and meds (MDs)  
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homeopathic   stimulates body to heal itself like mind control, exercise  
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WHO, world health organization   works with lots of nations to promote good health & get rid of disease also maintains ICD-9  
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ICD-9   diagnosis for insurance coding  
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US Department of Health & Human Services   protect American's from disease  
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CDC, Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, GA   clearing house for information  
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US Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases   protect military personal, does research, looks at biological threats  
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National Institute of Health   looks at way to improve health in many medical programs  
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Health Industry Councils   organize in a region, makes sure everyone in particular area is being treated and taken care of  
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ADN   2 year degree nurse  
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DSN   4 year degree nurse  
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MSN   5 or 6 year degree nurse  
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staff privileges   peer review, doctor has to go through review then committee makes sure doctor legit and recommends  
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ambulatory care   minor surgery, walk in for surgery and leave that night  
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physician assistant   can write prescriptions and work under doctor supervision, cannot practice alone, must be licensed  
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nurse practitioner   can work independently from doctor  
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Doctor's care   see everything, usually urgent care  
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New Horizon   clinic based on patient's ability to pay  
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Medical Technician   4 year degree  
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Medical Lab Technician   2 year degree  
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CLIA   clinical laboratory improvement act, sets standards for what test can be done based on degree  
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audiologist   identifies patients who have hearing, balance, and related ear problems  
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cardiovascular technologist   diagnostic exams and therapeutic interventions of heart & blood vessels, invasive & noninvasive  
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therapeutic recreation specialist   use leisure to enhance health, functional abilities, independence, & quality of life  
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physical therapist   helps improve patient mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities  
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pharmacy technician   assists licensed pharmacists by performing duties that do not require the expertise of a pharmacist  
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dietetic technician   integrates & applies science of food, nutrition, biochem, food mgmt, behavior to maintain health  
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anesthesiology assistant   assists in developing and implementing the anesthesia care plan  
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specialist in blood bank technology   performs routine and standardized tests in blood center and transfusion services  
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diagnostic medical sonographer   uses equipment that produces sound waves, resulting in images of internal structures  
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kinesiotherapist   implement exercise to reverse/less debilitation & enhance functional capacity of med stable patients  
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occupational therapist   purposeful activity+interventions for functional outcomes to max independence+maintenance of health  
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orthoptist   evaluates disorders of vision, eye, movement, and eye alignment  
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physician assistant   practices medicine under supervision of a medical doctor or doctor of osteopathy  
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surgical technologist   prepares the operating room by selecting and opening sterile supplies  
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respiratory therapist   evaluates+treats+manages patients of all ages with respiratory illnesses and cardiopulmonary disorders  
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athletic trainer   provides services such as injury prevention, assessment, and rehabilitation  
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medical technologist   performs tests to detect and diagnose various diseases and works closely with pathologists  
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emergency medical technician   provides medical care to patients who have suffered an injury or illness outside the hospital setting  
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health information specialist   formulates strategic, functional, and user requirements related to the processing of health data  
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nuclear medicine technologist   uses radioactive+stable nuclides to evaluate anatomic/physiologic conditions of body  
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empathy   sensitivity to the individual needs and reactions of patients  
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reflection   process of considering new information and internalize it to create new ways of examining info  
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learning style   developed method for perceiving and processing info  
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abstract perceivers   individuals who learn by analysis, observation, and reflection  
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abstract learners   analyze new material as ideas that require thought to process  
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concrete perceivers   learn through direct experiences of acting, sensing, or feeling the new material  
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concrete learners   prefer to learn things that have personal meaning or things they feel are relevant, rely on detailed info  
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new material can be processed by two methods   active processors reflective processors  
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active processors   prefer to jump in+do immediately, look for practical ways to apply new material and dont mind risks  
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reflective processors   prefer to observe and consider what going on, spend time thinking and learning before acting  
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stage 1 learners - concrete reflective style   want to know purpose of info and have personal connection to content, learn well in study groups  
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stage 2 learners - abstract reflective style   eager to learn, material relates to their lives, enjoy lectures and reading  
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stage 3 learners - abstract active style   experiment w.info, prob solve+ decision make+hands-on+alone/small groups, lack focus+hasty decisions  
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stage 4 learners - concrete active learners   concerned how to make difference, strengths leadership+vocal+think fast+teach, learn best in group  
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time management skills   1.determine your purpose 2.identify your main concern 3.be organized 4.stop procrastinating 5.remember you  
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conflict management with peer, instructor, or co-worker   attempt to solve the conflict in a private place at a prescheduled time  
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study skills   memory techniques, active learning, brain tricks, reading methods, and note-taking strategies  
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spider map   shows multiple main ideas with supporting details  
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fishbone map   used to describe causes of disease  
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chain of events map   shows the cause and effect of events  
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test-taking strategies   adequate preparation+controlling negative thoughts+understanding ways to manage questions  
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active search for truth   critical thinking  
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key to critical thinking   reflection  
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accreditation   organization recognized for adherence to standards of accrediting agency  
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advent   coming into being or use  
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allopathic medicine   effort to counteract symptoms of disease w.treatments that produce effects opposite to symptoms  
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alternative medicine   variety therapeutic/preventative healthcare practices alternatives to mainstream medicine, like chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, and herbal meds  
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amenities   contribute to comfort, enjoyment, or convenience  
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case management   assessing and planning patient care, including referral+follow-up, to ensure quality management  
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credentialing   extending professional privileges, process of verifying and evaluating  
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fermentation   enzymatically controlled transformation of an organic compound  
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indicators   important point/group of statistic values that indicate quality of care provided in healthcare facility  
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indicted   charged w.crime by findin/presentment of jury according to due process of law  
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indigent   totally lacking in something of need  
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innate   existing in/belonging to/determined by factors present in an individual since birth  
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innocuous   having no effect adverse or otherwise harmless  
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mysticism   experience of seeming to have direct communication with God or ultimate reality  
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PROs, peer review organizations   group of med reviewers contracted by CMS to ensure quality control+medical necessity of services provided  
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CMS   Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services  
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philanthropist   individual who makes active effort to promote human welfare  
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putrefaction   decomp of animal matter that results in foul smell  
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standards   items/indicators used as measure of quality/compliance with statutory or accrediting body policy+regulations  
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subluxations   slight misalignments of vertebrae or partial dislocation  
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treatises   systematic expositions/arguments in writing+methodic discussion of facts+principles+conclusions reached  
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study of anatomy reaches back to?   dawn of recorded history  
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Greek and Roman mythology have contributed a major portion of our?   medical terminology  
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several medical terminology originate from?   Bible  
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borrow medical terminology liberally from?   Arabic, Anglo-Saxon, Germanic  
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human head rests on the first cervical vertebrae which is called?   atlas  
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famous Greek Titan condemned by Zeus to bear the heavens on his shoulders?   Atlas  
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Aphrodite Greek goddess of love+beauty source of name for drugs to enhance sexual arousal called?   aphrodisiacs  
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Roman goddess of love Venus is associated with lustful desires+ medical terms named after her?   portion of female anatomy mons veneris (mons pubis) and venereal disease  
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goddess of health Hygeia has origin with modern word?   hygiene  
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Panacea goddess of healing and restorer of health modern definition?   remedy for all ills and difficulties  
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staff of Aesculapius adopted by Medical Association as symbol of medicine and?   common medical icon depicts serpent encircling staff+signifies art of healing  
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Caduceus belonged to Hermes messenger of gods thought to have magic powers and?   misused as med profession symbol+use by Army med Corps staff encircled by 2 serpents with wings at top  
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drugs+surgery+other treatments based on theories about body used as early as?   5000 BC  
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first advocate of preventative meds+considered first public health officer?   Moses in 1205 BC  
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known as Father of meds   Hippocrates  
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Prince of Physicians considered Father of Experimental Physiology+ first experimental neurologist   Greek named Galen who migrated to Rome in AD 162  
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establishment of Universities led to a study of?   theories of disease rather than observation of the sick  
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the academies provided freedom of?   expression, exchanging ideas, development of scientific thought  
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one of the earliest academies   Royal Society of London formed in 1662  
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In U.S. medical education was greatly influenced by?   John Hopkins University Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland established in early 1890  
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Andreas Vesalius 1514-1564 was a Belgian anatomist known as?   Father of Modern Anatomy  
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Gabrielle Fallopius 1523-1562 was a Italian student of Vesalius who named?   many parts of the human anatomy  
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English physician William Harvey 1578-1657 revealed in 1628?   that the blood's motion is a continuous cycle  
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek revealed?   the unseen world of microorganisms  
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Marcello Malpighi 1628-1694 pioneered?   use of microscope in study of plants and animals  
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Marcello Malpighi 1628-1694 described most important discovery in history of science in 1661?   pulmonary+capillary network connect smallest arteries with smallest veins  
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English scientist John Hunter 1728-1793 is known as?   Founder of Scientific Surgery  
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syphilitic chancre is sometimes called?   hunterian chancre  
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Edward Jenner 1749-1823 considered one of the immortals of preventative meds for his development of?   smallpox vaccine  
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Austrian physician Leopold Auenbrugger 1722-1809 developed the use of?   use of percussion in diagnosis  
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Rene Laennec 1781-1826 was a French physician who developed?   stethoscope in 1819  
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puerperal fever/puerperal sepsis/childbed fever   infectious disease that can be contracted during childbirth  
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puerperal   women in childbed  
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puer   latin meaning child  
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pario   latin meaning bring forth  
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puerperium   period from delivery to time uterus returns to normal, about 42 days after childbirth  
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Hungarian physician Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis 1818-1865 was called what by history   Savior of Mothers  
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Frenchman Pasteur 1822-1895 did brilliant work as chemist but his studies in what made him famous   bacteriology, known as Father of Bacteriology and Father of Preventative Medicine  
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Joseph Lister 1827-1912 revolutionized surgery by his understanding of?   similar infections in postsurgical wounds+process of putrefaction+proved microorganisms caused these  
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honored as Father of Sterile Surgery   Joseph Lister 1827-1912  
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Robert Koch 1843-1910 set theory of rules that must be followed before?   organism can be accepted as the causative agent in given disease+this transformed health dept  
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who introduced many of the tools used in labs   Robert Koch 1843-1910  
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Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 pioneered the fields of?   bacteriology, immunology, chemotherapy  
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Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 greatest gift to humanity was called formula 606 designed to fight?   syphilis  
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Paul Ehrlich 1854-1915 formula 606 drug tried brought healing and called slavarsan why   because he believed it offered humankind salvation from syphilis  
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Crawford Williamson Long 1815-1878 was first to use?   anesthetic agent  
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what is ether?   intoxicant similar to nitrous oxide and functions as soporific or sleep inducing agent  
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Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen 1845-1923 professor of physics at University of Wurzburg, Germany discovered?   x-ray in 1895 while experimenting w. electric currents passed thru sealed glass tubes  
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although Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen 1845-1923 called his finding x-ray history honored him calling it?   roentgen ray  
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Marie and Pierre Curie discovered what in 1898   radium from their work in radioactivity  
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Marie discovered what   radium and polonium  
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Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 is known as founder of?   nursing and is fondly called the Lady with the Lamp  
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In 1860 Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 founded what   Nightingale School and Home for Nurses in London which marked begin of professional nursing education  
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American Clara Barton 1821-1912 efforts to remedy poor record keeping led to?   formation of Bureau of Records  
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American Clara Barton 1821-1912 organized what in 1881   Red Cross Committee in Washington, original formation of American Red Cross+served as its 1st president  
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Elizabeth Blackwell 1821-1910 first woman in U.S. to receive?   Doctor of medicine degree from a medical school  
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Lillian Wald 1867-1940 social worker and nurse founded?   Henry Street Settlement in New York City  
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City Municipal Board of Health established the world's first public school nursing system when?   one of Lillian Wald nurses was assigned to city's public schools in 1902  
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Margaret Sanger 1883-1966 became leader of birth control movement and established?   first American birth control clinic  
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Margaret Sanger 1883-1966 advocated research into hormonal contraception bc of?   newfound concern about population growth+research led to development of birth control  
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Walter Reed Army pathologist+ bacteriologist proved?   yellow fever was transmitted by bite of mosquito  
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Canadian physician Sir Frederick Grant Banting isolated insulin for treatment along with?   Canadian physiologist Charles Herbert Best  
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Sir Alexander Fleming discovered what   penicillin accidentally  
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Dr Taussig collaborated with Dr Blalock to develop lifesaving operation for children born with?   cyanosis "blue babies"  
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African American Viven Thomas surgical research tech to Dr Blalock did?   stood over Dr Blalock's shoulder for his 1st blue baby operation+advised bc he did surgery several times (this happened at a time African-Americans werent allowed on main floors of hospital)  
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John Edward Salk and Albert Sabin almost eradicated?   poliomyelitis once the killer and crippler of thousands in the U.S.  
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German surgeon Werner Frossman originated a cardiac technique called?   catheterization which is used in diagnosis and treatment of heart disease  
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South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed first?   human heart transplantation in 1967  
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Swiss born psychiatrist Dr Elizabeth Kubler-Ross wrote best selling book on?   Death and Dying which helped professionals and lay-persons alike understand understand stages of grief  
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Dr David Ho considered by many to be one of most brilliant minds today helped piece together?   puzzle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  
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Dr Eve Slater served as Assistant Secretary for Health at U.S. Dept of Health+Human Services (DHHS) and?   spearheaded approval of major meds+ became 1st women appointed chief resident in med at Mass.Gen.Hospital  
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Dr C Everett Koop during terms as U.S.Surgeon Gen.became proponent of tobacco awareness and articles?   her excellent articles spanned variety of subjects  
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Dr Anthony Fauci leads research efforts on immune-medicated disorders +scientific leadership resulted in?   major advances in several diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis  
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Many of Dr Anthony Fauci studies now relate to?   HIV+body's response+ways to improve treatment+prevention+development of an HIV vaccine  
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Dr Antonio Novello was first women+ Hispanic honored w.post of Surgeon General+played key role in?   writing warning labels on cig packs+promotion of National Organ Transplant Act+contribution UNICEF  
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UNICEF   United Nations Children's Fund  
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Dr Antonio Novello inducted into?   National Women's Hall of Fame+served as New York State's health commissioner  
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acute care hospitals   intensive care+ED+trauma dept+equipped to handle most severely ill+injured patients  
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subacute care hospitals   care for those who dont require extensive services but still need hospital supervision+treatment  
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specialty hospitals   offer specific services such as psychiatric hospital  
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teaching hospitals   learning environment+often have research depts+part of medical schools, interns,residents  
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community hospitals   care in rural areas/specific areas within metropolis  
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regional hospitals   usually acute care facilities+serve large area where intensive care may not be offered in local communities  
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private hospitals   run by corporation/other organization+designed to produce profit for owners/stockholders  
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nonprofit hospitals   exist to serve community in which they are located+normally run by board of directors  
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nonprofit   sometimes misleading bc "profit" is different from "making money"  
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county hospital   used to designate hospital in which indigent patients are taken  
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today many people w/o insurance go to ED or ER for routine illness+if patients have no other options?   ED physicians become primary care providers  
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triage performed by physicians+nurses+other licensed med professionals to?   determine those w.most severe conditions+who to see first  
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the admissions dept gathers info and enters it into?   computer for use by rest of hospital staff  
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the lab provides diagnostic testing on?   blood+body fluids+tissues+radiology/ nuclear med dept offers diagnostic imaging+radiographic services  
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respiratory services dept offers broad spectrum of?   diagnostic tests+various treatments  
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most hospitals have physical medicine+rehab dept which offers?   physical+occupational therapy  
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dietary dept employs professionals who?   carefully plan menus to meet needs of each patient served  
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most modern hospitals have surgery dept+many offer day surgery services that?   allow patients to undergo procedure+ return home same day if they recover as expected  
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social services works with patients to ensure?   continuity of care+patient education+ social intervention, all assists w. emotional+economic+social concerns  
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occupational health centers   concerned w.helping patients return to work+productive activity  
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freestanding rehabilitation centers   assist patients w.wide range of services  
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pain management centers   help patients deal w.discomfort associated w.their condition  
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sleep centers   diagnose+treat people w.sleep problems  
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freestanding urgent or emergency care centers   provide patients with alternative to hospital EDs  
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day surgery   performed in hospitals+has continued to provide alternatives to overnight hospital care after surgery  
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office based surgery accreditation offered by?   Ambulatory Care Accreditation Program of the Joint Commission  
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rehabilitation services may be obtained from?   acute care hospitals+rehabilitation hospitals+various ambulatory rehabilitation facilities  
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dialysis centers offer services to patients with?   severe kidney disorders  
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other types of ambulatory care facilities   centers that provide MRI+student health clinics+dental clinics+ endoscopy centers+community health centers+mobile health services+ podiatric care centers+women health centers  
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most attractive option to traditional nursing homes?   assisted living+provides 24-hour supervision+broad range of services appx $1k-$3kmonth  
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independent retirement facilities offer?   residents the opportunity to come and go as they please  
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diagnostic laboratories offer?   testing services for patients referred by their physicians  
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POLs   physician office laboratories  
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OSHA   organization+division of the U.S. Dept of Labor that enforces many laws related to workplace safety  
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home healthcare offers?   home care+therapy services+admin & assistance w.medications so care needed can be found at home  
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medical suppliers are retail operations that offer?   all types of medical devices and products  
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DME   durable medical equipment  
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medical practices today organized into 3 types of business structures?   sole proprietorship+partnership+ corporation  
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sole proprietor   holds exclusive right and title to all aspects of medical practice  
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partnership agreement   2+ physicians elect to associate in the practice of medicine  
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group practice   body of 3+ physicians who engage in full-time practice in formally organized+recognized entity  
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corporation   artificial entity having legal+ business status that's independent of shareholders or employees  
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MDs Medical Doctors   considered allopathic physicians+ are most widely recognized type of physician  
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intern   medical student still in training at medical school but treating patients under supervision of licensed doctors  
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residency   graduate of medical education program+often specialist+usually paid in training hospital position  
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DOs Doctors of Osteopathy   use meds+surgery as well as OMT (osteopathic manipulative therapy) in treating their patients  
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DCs Doctors of Chiropractic   typically thought of as bone docs but focus on nervous system to help patients live healthier lives  
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one of the most common fields of alternative medicine   Chiropractic  
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hospitalists   physicians whose primary professional focus is gen. medicine care of hospitalized patients  
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may be excellent alternative to regular physician   hospitalists  
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two basic types of dentists in U.S.   DMDs Doctors of Dental Medicine DDSs Doctors of Dental Surgery  
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orthodontics   specialist dentists that perform straightening  
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endodontics   specialist dentists that perform root canal therapy  
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OD optometrist   trained+licensed to examine eyes to test visual acuity+treat vision defects  
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ophthalmologists   licensed MDs  
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PhD   doctor of philosophy degree in field of expertise  
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PsyD   Doctor of psychology  
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EdD   Doctor of Educational Psychology  
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Nurse anesthetists   registered nurses (RNs) who administer anesthetists during care by qualified health professionals  
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RN registered nurses   many nurses manager in hospitals or other types of healthcare facilities +provide direct patient care  
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LPNs licensed practical nurses   offer beside care assisting w.the day-to-day personal care required by inpatients  
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LVNs licensed vocational nurses   offer beside care assisting w.the day-to-day personal care required by inpatients  
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MT Medical technologists   perform diagnostic testing to assist the physician in arriving at a diagnosis  
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MLT Medical laboratory technician   performs much of the same tests as MTs but works under MT not independently  
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RTs radiology technicians   use various machines to help the physician diagnose and treat certain disease  
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all actions are under an ethical microscope and must be?   professional+accurate+performed in competent manner  
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