med term CH 9-12
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| Lymphatic system | alternative system of the cardiovascular system cleansing, returning, defending, providing a pathway
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| Immune system | Lymphatic system is used with this system
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| -poiesis | generation of
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| bone marrow | creates white blood cells and red blood cells
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| erthr/o | red, blood
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| thromb/o | clot
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| -cytes | cells
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| plasma | watery stuff blood cells float in
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| lymphaden/o | lymph nodes, lymph glands
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| physical barriers | skin
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| mechanical barriers | cough, sneeze
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| chemical barriers | body can produce chemicals like mucus to keep out and fight when inside
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| phagocytosis | surrounds and eats infection
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| -globulins | immune system proteins
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| first level defense | mechanical, outer barrier to protect body
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| coagulation | the body ability to clot
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| -philia | tendency toward, condition of attraction
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| -emia | blood
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| -osis | to much of
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| -meglia | enlargement
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| acute | body no longer producing the problem but it can come back
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| Hodgkin lymphoma | one type of cancer cell affecting the lymphatic system
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| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | more than one type of cancer cell affecting the lymphatic system
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| -lytic | destruction of
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| vole/o | volume
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| -apheresis | removal of
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| plateles | thromb/o, clot
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| adenoid | tonsils
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| -otomy | cut into
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| -statics | hold still
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| -poietic | formative
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| -plastics | formation of
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| coron/o | arteries that feed the heart
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| atria | upper chambers of the heart
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| brady- | slow
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| tachy- | fast
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| Aorta valve | biggest valve in the heart
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| Vena cavae | biggest vein in the heart
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| failure | not working like it needs to
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| ortho/static | ortho- muscleskeletal system, movement of body
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| ather/o | plaque buildup
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| granul/o | little grain
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| morph/o | shape, form
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| immun/o | safety, protection
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| eosin/o | rosy, dawn-colored
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| phag/o | eat, swallow
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| -stasis | controlling, stopping
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| -poiesis | formation
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| -lysis | breakdown
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| -poietin | forming substance
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| -phil | attraction
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| -globin | protein substance
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| -gen | producing
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| -siderin | iron substance
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| Hgb, HB, HG | hemoglobin
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| Hg | mercury
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| neutr/o | neutral
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| bas/o | base
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| PMNs | granulocytes, polymorphonucleocytes
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| PMN | neutrophil referred to as polymorph
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| cyt/o | cell
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| cyst/o | bladder
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| hemostasis | control of blood flow
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| homeostasis | steady state
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| agglutin/o | clumping
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| macro- | large
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| axill/o | armpit
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| inguni/o | groin
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| thym/o | thymus
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| thyr/o | thyroid
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| interstit/o | space between
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| pyr/o | fire, fever
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| -exia | condition
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| humor/o | liquid
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| -leukin | white substance
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| -in | substance
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| sider/o | iron
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| -penia | deficiency of
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| -cytosis | abnormal condition of cells
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| -ism | condition
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| non-Hodgkin lymphoma | collection of all lymphatic cancers except Hodgkin lymphoma
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| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia, rapid form of leukemia developing from immature lymphocytes
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| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia, slow form of leukemia with proliferation of immature lymphocytes
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| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia, slow form of leukemia with proliferation of immature bone marrow
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| multiple myeloma | plasma cell dyscrasia, tumors found in many bones
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| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia, rapid form of leukemia with proliferation of immature bone marrow
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| Hodgkin lymphoma | cancer of lymphatic system detected by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
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| Coombs antiglobulin | HDN, transfusion reaction
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| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn
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| Schilling test | pernicious anemia
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| PTT | partial thromboplastin time, hemophilia
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| PCV | packed-cell volume, percentage of RBCs
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| monospot | infectious mononulceosis
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| ESR | erthrocyte sedimentation rate, if increased inflammation indicated
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| blood culture | microorganisms
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| WBC | white blood cell (count)
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| Western blot | HIV
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| Hct | hematocrit aka packed cell volume
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| ELISA | test to detect HIV 1 & 2
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| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin, anemia
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| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, response to anemia treatment
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| allergy test | hypersensitivity
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| PT | prothrombin time, determines cause of bleeding
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| autotransfusion | donor is transfused with his own blood from an active bleeding site
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| autologous transfusion | donor is reinfused with her own stored blood
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| homologous bone transplant | transplantation of healthy bone marrow from donor
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| autologous bone transplant | harvesting of patients own bone marrow to be reintroduced later
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| adenoid | pharyngeal tonsils
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| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus
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| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus
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| CMP | comprehensive metabolic panel
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| BMT | bone marrow transplant
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| coron/o | heart
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| ox/i, ox/o | oxygen
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| capn/o | carbon dioxide
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| vas/o, vascul/o, angi/o | vessel
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| aort/o | aorta, largest artery in heart
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| atri/o | atrium, upper chamber of heart
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| sept/o | septum, wall between chambers of heart
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| valvul/o | valve
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| ventricul/o | ventricle, small cavity or chamber, lower chamber of heart
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| cordi/o | heart
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| arteri/o | artery, vessel that carries blood away from the body
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| e- | out
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| -um | structure
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| ject/o | throwing
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| -ion | process of
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| con- | together
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| tract/o | pull
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| pariet/o | parietal, wall outside heart
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| palpation | examination by touch
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| palpebration | blinking
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| palpitation | racing heart
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| claudication | cramplike pain in legs
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| syncope | fainting
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| diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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| murmur | abnormal heart sound of gentle blowing, fluttering, humming
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| thrill | fine vibration felt on palpation
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| ischemia | decreased blood supply
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| pallor | paleness of the skin
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| -pnea | breathing
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| cyan/o | blue
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| stenosis | narrowing
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| sclerosis | hardening
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| infarcation | tissue death
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| infraction | breaking
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| tens/o | stretching
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| hyper/tens/ion | process of excessive stretching, high blood pressure
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| -tomy | incision
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| echo | sound
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| sclero/o | hard
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| -theraphy | treatment
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| sclero/therpahy | hard treatment, treatment by hardening veins
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| athero/ectomy | removal of plaque from the coronary artery
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
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| TEE | transesophageal echocardiogram, ultrasound procedure to examine the heart through the esophagous
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| MI | myocardial infarction, heart attack
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| ASD | atrial septal defect, hole between top chambers of the heart
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| TV | tricuspid valve, valve on the right side of the heart
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| ECC | extracorporeal circulation, circulation of blood outside the body during surgery
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| MV | mitral valve, valve on the left side of the heart
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| EST | exercise stress test, noninvasive test that indicates possible artery blockage
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis, upper right chamber of the heart
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| AS | aortic stenosis, narrowing of the largest artery in the body
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| AV | atrioventricular, pertaining to the upper and lower chambers of the heart
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| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
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| pulmonary congestion | excessive amount of blood in the lung tissue
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| venous distension | condition of enlarged, swollen veins
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| auscultation | listening for sounds within the body
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| bruit | abnormal sound heard from heart murmur
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| tetralogy of Fallots | 4 defects
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| patent | open
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| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus
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| coarctation | deformed aortic media, causing narrowing of the lumen of the vessel
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| normal sinus rhythm | normal heart rate
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| flutter | rapid heart rate with regular rhythm 250-350 bpm
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| fibrillation | extremely rapid and irregular heart rhythm
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| atrial ectopic beats are the same as what? | premature arterial contractions
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| premature ventricular contractions are the same as what? | ventricular ectopic beats
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| myocardial infarction | artery becomes blocked and part of the heart muscle dies
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| what are the similarities of the esophageal varices and hemorrhoids? | both are dilated veins
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| Holter monitor | portable EKG to gather heart activity during daily activities
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| what is measured in a lipid profile? | cholesterol and triglycerides
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| CPK | creatine phosphokinase, enzymes released during myocardial infarction
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| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase, enzymes released during myocardial infarction
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| -ase | enzyme
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| digital subtraction angiography | subtracts background structures to image vessels
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| echocardiography | ultrasound tech. also used to create images of the heart
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| posteroanterior and lateral chest x-rays are used for determining what about the heart? | size and shape
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| Swan-Ganz catheter | used to monitor left ventricular function
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| sphygmomanometer | instrument to measure blood pressure
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| cardiac pacemaker | device that assists the heart to maintain a normal rhythm
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| MIDCAB | minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft
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| commissur/o | connection
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| what does commissurotomy correct? | mithral stenosis
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| what mechanical device when inserted into lower chamber helps a weakened heart? | left ventricular assist device
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| ligation | tying
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| radio frequency catheter ablation | procedure that destroys abnormal electrical pathways in the heart
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| what is sclerotheraphy correct? | varicose veins
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| PACAB | port-access coronary artery bypass, heart is stopped during surgery
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| beta-blockers | drugs that lessen the heart rate and force of the heart beat by decreasing nerve impulses
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| anticoagulants | drug that prevent blood clots
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| calcium channel blockers | drugs that slow the flow of calcium to smooth muscle cells causing arterial relaxation
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| ACE inhibitors | drugs that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2
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| antiarrhytmic drugs | restores normal sinus rhythm
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| thrombolytics | drugs that dissolve clots
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| antianginals, nitrates | drugs that relax blood vessels and reduce myocardinal oxy.consumption to lessen pain of angina pectoris
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| diuretics | drugs that help the body form and excrete urine, also used to treat hypertension and CHF
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| TDNTG | transdermal nirtoglycerin
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopplasty
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| LCA | left coronary artery
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| paroxysmal artial tachycardia | contractions of the upper chambers of the heart
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| stern/o | sternum, breastbone
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| ECG | electrocardiographic
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| hemorrhoids | varicose veins in the rectum
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| spir/o | breathe
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| -atory | pertaining to
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| -ation | process of
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| ex- | out
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| nas/o | nose
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe goes down and splits in two
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| laryng/o | larynx, voicebox
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| pharyng/o | pharynx, hollow tube that starts from behind the nose and and ends at the top of the windpipe
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis, flap of cartilage at the opening to the voicebox
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| mediastin/o | mediastinum, space between the lungs
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| thorac/o | chest
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| steth/o | chest
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| pector/o | chest
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| bronchiol/o | tiny branch of air tubes within the lungs that is a continuation of the bronchus
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| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchus, large air tube that begins at the end of the windpipe and branches into the lungs
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| alveol/o | alveolus, Small air sacs or cavities in the lung that give the tissue a honeycomb appearance and expand its surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| pneum/o, pneumon/o | lung
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| lob/o, lobul/o | lobe, sections in the lungs
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| pleur/o | pleural cavity, one of the two membranes around the lungs
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| viscer/o | viscera, internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest or abdomen
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| pariet/o | wall
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| phren/o | diaphragm,the muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdomen
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| branchi/o | arm
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| -dynia | pain
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| eu- | good
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| -thorax | chest pleural cavity, membrane surrounding lungs
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| mantoux skin test | test for tuberculosis
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| ABG | arterial blood gases, blood test to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| what test diagnoses cystic fibrosis | sweat test
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| pulmonary angiography | imaging technique that shows the flow of blood through vessels of the lungs
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| CXR | chest x-ray
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| RML | right middle lobe
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| PPD | purified protein derivative
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| URI | upper respiratory infection
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| DOE | dyspena on exertion
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| coni/o | dust
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| epistaxis | bloody nose
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| phon/o | sound
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | abnormal breathing marked by apnea, deep rapid breathing
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| wheezing | whistling sound heard during breathing out
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| sputum | material coughed up from lungs and expectorated through mouth
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| stridor | high-pitched sound from the larynx when breathing in
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| clubbing | blunting of distal phalanges seen in advanced chronic pulmonary disease
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| deviated septum | deflection of the nasal septum that may obstruct the nasal passages and result in infection
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| hyp/ox/ia | deficient oxygen in the tissues
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| rhonchi | rumbling sound heard when breathing in usually caused by thick secretions or contractions of airways
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| myc/o | fungus
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| multi-drug resistant | type of chronic bacterial lung infection resistant to drugs
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| croup | acute viral infection of early childhood marked by stridor
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| TB | tuberculosis, infection of the respiratory system caused by acid-fast bacillus
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| pleurisy | inflammation of one or two of the membranes that surrounds the lungs
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| atel/ectasis | collasped lung or lung segment
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| ausculation and percussion | diagnostic technique that means listening and tapping
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| another term for endoscopy of space between the lungs | mediastinoscopy
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| PFT | plumonary function test
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| patients with hypoxia that need medical assistant can be placed on? | ventillator
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| oxygen administered through the a tube in the nose called? | nasal cannula
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| antitussive | drug to treat severe cough caused by upper respiratory infection and to help sleeping
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| antihistamine | used to treat allergies
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| inhaler | bronchodilators are administered with this
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| CTA | clear to auscultation
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| AP | anteroposterior
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| inspiratory | breathing in
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| effusion | escape of a fluid into a part
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| neur/o | nerve cell that looks like a star
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| somat/o | body
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| -on | structure
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| dendr/o | dendrite, projections from the cell body looks like a tree
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| efferent | carry away
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| afferent | carry toward
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| BBB | blood-brain barrier or bundle branch block
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| -glia | glue
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| astr/o | star
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| micro- | small
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| encephal/o | brain
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum, the main portion of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranial cavity
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum, portion of the brain that is in the back of the head, between the cerebrum and the brain stem
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| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord
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| cord/o, chord/o, myel/o | spinal cord
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| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges, The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
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| rhiz/o, radicul/o | nerve root, point where the nerve attaches to spine
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| dur/o | duro mater, outermost, toughest of the three meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord
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| dermatome | instrument to cut layers of the skin or mesodermal layer in early deveolpment
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| synapse | A specialized junction at which a neural cell (neuron) communicates with a target cell
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| axon | A long fiber of a nerve cell (a neuron) that acts somewhat like a fiber-optic cable carrying outgoing (efferent) messages
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| dysarthria | difficulty with speech
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| dysarthrosis | any disorder of a joint
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| osm/o | sense of smell
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| vertigo | dizziness
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| athetosis | slow, writhing movement of the extremities
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| aura | premonition
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| fasciculation | involuntary contraction of small muscles
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| hypokinesia | decrease in normal movement
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| paresthesia | prickling or burning feeling
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| geus/o | taste
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| gnos/o | knowledge
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| somn/o | sleep
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| phag/o | eat
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| phas/o | speech
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| hematoma | mass of blood that has leaked out of a vessel and pooled
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| -fida | split
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| MS | musculoskeletal system, mithral stenosis, multiple sclerosis
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| para- | abnormal
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| -paresis | slight paralysis
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| di- | two
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| en- | in
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| encephal/o | brain
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| giat assessment rating scale | used to measure walking abnormalities
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| cerebrospinal fluid analysis | examination of fluid from the central nervous system
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| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid
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| aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes is? | lumbar puncture or spinal tap
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| Babinski sign | finding that indicates loss of Achilles tendon reflex
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| multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) | used to diagnose narcolepsy
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| cerebral angiography | x-ray study of of cerebral arteries
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| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | injection of radioactive sugar substance to scan for abnormalities
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| positron emission tomography | use of radionuclides to visulaize brain function
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| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
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| sympath/o | to feel with
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| rhiz/o | nerve root, spinal nerve root
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| rhizotomy | excision of a dorsal nerve root
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| cord/o | spinal cord
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| nerve block | anesthesia to prevent sensory impulses from reaching the central nervous system
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| CSF stunt | tube in brain to relieve pressure of cerebrospinal fluid
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| C1-C8 | cervical nerves
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| PSG | polysomnography, sleep study
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| ADL | activities of daily living
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident, blood vessels in brain ruptures and bleeds into brain
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| dysarthria | slurring of speech after brain attack
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| Alzheimer disease (AD) | the most common cause of dementia, progressive neurodegenerative disease with impairment of cognitive functions
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| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis aka Lou Gehrig disease
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| quadriplegia | paralysis from the neck down
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| dyslexia | inability or difficulty with reading or writing
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| narco/lepsy | sudden seizures of sleep
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| Huntington disease | inherited disorder resulting in dementia and progressive loss of neural control beginning in adulthood
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| migraine | headache of vascular origin
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| epilepsy | recurring seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of consciousness
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| echoencephalography | sonogram of brain usually only done on newborns
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| brain scan | nuclear medicine to localize and identify intracranial masses
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| computed tomography (CT) | imaging technique to diagnose strokes, edema, tumors
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| DTR | deep tendon reflex, assists in the diagnosis of stroke
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| stereotaxic radiosurgery | uses radiowaves to localize structures with 3-D spaces
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| anticonvulsants | treats epilepsy
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| anesthetics | drugs that cause loss of feeling or sensation
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| hypnotics | drugs that promote sleep
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|
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| analgesics | drugs that relieve pain such as aspirin
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|
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| EEG | electroencephalogram
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|
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| L1-L5 | lumbar nerves
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| shuffling gait | short steps with minimal flexing and toes dragging
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|
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| nonautoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia | may be drug induced or caused by infectious disease
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|
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| autoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia | caused by body's destruction of its on red blood cells (RBC) by serum antibodies
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|
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| thalassemia | type of anemia inherited by African American, Mediterranean, Southeast Asian
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|
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| sickle-cell anemia | inherited malformation of the red blood cells
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|
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| hemophilia | group of disorders with inherited lack of a factor necessary for blood to clot
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| mononucleosis | disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
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|
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| lypmhedema | accumulation of lymphatic fluid
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|
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| dyscrasia | blood disorders
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|
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| allergy | hypersensitivity to a normally nonpathogenic substance
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|
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| anaphylaris | extreme allergic response
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|
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| mean corpuscular hemoglobin | test to determine whether patient has anemia
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|
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| coombs antiglobulin test | hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), transfusion reaction
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|
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| septic- | infection
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|
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| diff count | the number of each type of white blood cells
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|
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| prothrombin time | clotting problems are measure with this
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|
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| -crit | to seperate
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|
||||
| monospot | test for mononucleosis
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|
||||
| apheresis | separation of blood into components
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|
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| -coagulants | blood clots
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|
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| AZT, efavirenz | antiretroviral drug used to combat AIDS
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|
||||
| cytotoxic agents | drugs used as antineoplastics or immunosuppressants with cell-damaging properties
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|
||||
| CBC | complete blood cell count
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|
||||
| Rh factors | Rhesus factors, a blood group antigen possessed by Rh-positive people
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|
||||
| purpura | massive hemorrhaging under the skin
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|
||||
| pyrexia | fever
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|
||||
| cost/o | muscles, around the ribs
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|
||||
| -ptysis | spitting
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|
||||
| rales | sound heard when breathing in
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|
||||
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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|
||||
| ARF | acute respiratory failure, situation causing respiratory system to not work properly
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|
||||
| CWP | coal workers pneumo/coni/osis, abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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|
||||
| abscess | pocket of infection, bacteria will eat tissue and leave behind mush
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|
||||
| RSV | respiratory synctyial virus, usually seen in infants and older people
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|
||||
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome, bird flu example of this
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|
||||
| papill/o | papilla, finger like projections
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|
||||
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer
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|
||||
| hist/o | tissue
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|
||||
| SCLC | small cell lung cancer
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|
||||
| respiratory system | breathing and gas exchange
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|
||||
| peak flow meter | how much movement of air exists
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|
||||
| somnography | sleep study
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|
||||
| PPB | positive-pressure breathing, machine is breathing for the patient
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|
||||
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure, keep things open and wings patient off of machine breathing for them
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|
||||
| rebreathing mask | bag attached to face mask
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|
||||
| nervous system | conducts message traffic
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|
||||
| CNS | central nervous system the brain and spinal cord
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|
||||
| PNS | peripheral nervous system the cranial and spinal nerves
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|
||||
| somatic | things body voluntary does you have to think about it
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|
||||
| terminal fibers | nerves at the end
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|
||||
| diencephalon | center of the brain
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|
||||
| cortex | outside of
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|
||||
| medull/o | medulla, middle of
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|
||||
| sympathetic | ramp up
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|
||||
| parasympathetic | relax bring back to normal
🗑
|
||||
| TIA | transient ischemic attack
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|
||||
| para/plegia | two parts paralyzed
🗑
|
||||
| cytoma, blastoma | malignant tumor
🗑
|
||||
| GARS | gait assessment rating scale, walking
🗑
|
||||
| LP | lumbar puncture, removing fluid from spine for analysis
🗑
|
||||
| TENS | trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
🗑
|
||||
| HF | heart failure
🗑
|
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