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med term CH 9-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymphatic system | alternative system of the cardiovascular system cleansing, returning, defending, providing a pathway |
| Immune system | Lymphatic system is used with this system |
| -poiesis | generation of |
| bone marrow | creates white blood cells and red blood cells |
| erthr/o | red, blood |
| thromb/o | clot |
| -cytes | cells |
| plasma | watery stuff blood cells float in |
| lymphaden/o | lymph nodes, lymph glands |
| physical barriers | skin |
| mechanical barriers | cough, sneeze |
| chemical barriers | body can produce chemicals like mucus to keep out and fight when inside |
| phagocytosis | surrounds and eats infection |
| -globulins | immune system proteins |
| first level defense | mechanical, outer barrier to protect body |
| coagulation | the body ability to clot |
| -philia | tendency toward, condition of attraction |
| -emia | blood |
| -osis | to much of |
| -meglia | enlargement |
| acute | body no longer producing the problem but it can come back |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | one type of cancer cell affecting the lymphatic system |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | more than one type of cancer cell affecting the lymphatic system |
| -lytic | destruction of |
| vole/o | volume |
| -apheresis | removal of |
| plateles | thromb/o, clot |
| adenoid | tonsils |
| -otomy | cut into |
| -statics | hold still |
| -poietic | formative |
| -plastics | formation of |
| coron/o | arteries that feed the heart |
| atria | upper chambers of the heart |
| brady- | slow |
| tachy- | fast |
| Aorta valve | biggest valve in the heart |
| Vena cavae | biggest vein in the heart |
| failure | not working like it needs to |
| ortho/static | ortho- muscleskeletal system, movement of body |
| ather/o | plaque buildup |
| granul/o | little grain |
| morph/o | shape, form |
| immun/o | safety, protection |
| eosin/o | rosy, dawn-colored |
| phag/o | eat, swallow |
| -stasis | controlling, stopping |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -lysis | breakdown |
| -poietin | forming substance |
| -phil | attraction |
| -globin | protein substance |
| -gen | producing |
| -siderin | iron substance |
| Hgb, HB, HG | hemoglobin |
| Hg | mercury |
| neutr/o | neutral |
| bas/o | base |
| PMNs | granulocytes, polymorphonucleocytes |
| PMN | neutrophil referred to as polymorph |
| cyt/o | cell |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| hemostasis | control of blood flow |
| homeostasis | steady state |
| agglutin/o | clumping |
| macro- | large |
| axill/o | armpit |
| inguni/o | groin |
| thym/o | thymus |
| thyr/o | thyroid |
| interstit/o | space between |
| pyr/o | fire, fever |
| -exia | condition |
| humor/o | liquid |
| -leukin | white substance |
| -in | substance |
| sider/o | iron |
| -penia | deficiency of |
| -cytosis | abnormal condition of cells |
| -ism | condition |
| non-Hodgkin lymphoma | collection of all lymphatic cancers except Hodgkin lymphoma |
| ALL | acute lymphocytic leukemia, rapid form of leukemia developing from immature lymphocytes |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia, slow form of leukemia with proliferation of immature lymphocytes |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia, slow form of leukemia with proliferation of immature bone marrow |
| multiple myeloma | plasma cell dyscrasia, tumors found in many bones |
| AML | acute myelogenous leukemia, rapid form of leukemia with proliferation of immature bone marrow |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | cancer of lymphatic system detected by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Coombs antiglobulin | HDN, transfusion reaction |
| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Schilling test | pernicious anemia |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time, hemophilia |
| PCV | packed-cell volume, percentage of RBCs |
| monospot | infectious mononulceosis |
| ESR | erthrocyte sedimentation rate, if increased inflammation indicated |
| blood culture | microorganisms |
| WBC | white blood cell (count) |
| Western blot | HIV |
| Hct | hematocrit aka packed cell volume |
| ELISA | test to detect HIV 1 & 2 |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin, anemia |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, response to anemia treatment |
| allergy test | hypersensitivity |
| PT | prothrombin time, determines cause of bleeding |
| autotransfusion | donor is transfused with his own blood from an active bleeding site |
| autologous transfusion | donor is reinfused with her own stored blood |
| homologous bone transplant | transplantation of healthy bone marrow from donor |
| autologous bone transplant | harvesting of patients own bone marrow to be reintroduced later |
| adenoid | pharyngeal tonsils |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| CMP | comprehensive metabolic panel |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| coron/o | heart |
| ox/i, ox/o | oxygen |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| vas/o, vascul/o, angi/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta, largest artery in heart |
| atri/o | atrium, upper chamber of heart |
| sept/o | septum, wall between chambers of heart |
| valvul/o | valve |
| ventricul/o | ventricle, small cavity or chamber, lower chamber of heart |
| cordi/o | heart |
| arteri/o | artery, vessel that carries blood away from the body |
| e- | out |
| -um | structure |
| ject/o | throwing |
| -ion | process of |
| con- | together |
| tract/o | pull |
| pariet/o | parietal, wall outside heart |
| palpation | examination by touch |
| palpebration | blinking |
| palpitation | racing heart |
| claudication | cramplike pain in legs |
| syncope | fainting |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound of gentle blowing, fluttering, humming |
| thrill | fine vibration felt on palpation |
| ischemia | decreased blood supply |
| pallor | paleness of the skin |
| -pnea | breathing |
| cyan/o | blue |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| stenosis | narrowing |
| sclerosis | hardening |
| infarcation | tissue death |
| infraction | breaking |
| tens/o | stretching |
| hyper/tens/ion | process of excessive stretching, high blood pressure |
| -tomy | incision |
| echo | sound |
| sclero/o | hard |
| -theraphy | treatment |
| sclero/therpahy | hard treatment, treatment by hardening veins |
| athero/ectomy | removal of plaque from the coronary artery |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiogram, ultrasound procedure to examine the heart through the esophagous |
| MI | myocardial infarction, heart attack |
| ASD | atrial septal defect, hole between top chambers of the heart |
| TV | tricuspid valve, valve on the right side of the heart |
| ECC | extracorporeal circulation, circulation of blood outside the body during surgery |
| MV | mitral valve, valve on the left side of the heart |
| EST | exercise stress test, noninvasive test that indicates possible artery blockage |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis, upper right chamber of the heart |
| AS | aortic stenosis, narrowing of the largest artery in the body |
| AV | atrioventricular, pertaining to the upper and lower chambers of the heart |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues |
| pulmonary congestion | excessive amount of blood in the lung tissue |
| venous distension | condition of enlarged, swollen veins |
| auscultation | listening for sounds within the body |
| bruit | abnormal sound heard from heart murmur |
| tetralogy of Fallots | 4 defects |
| patent | open |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
| coarctation | deformed aortic media, causing narrowing of the lumen of the vessel |
| normal sinus rhythm | normal heart rate |
| flutter | rapid heart rate with regular rhythm 250-350 bpm |
| fibrillation | extremely rapid and irregular heart rhythm |
| atrial ectopic beats are the same as what? | premature arterial contractions |
| premature ventricular contractions are the same as what? | ventricular ectopic beats |
| myocardial infarction | artery becomes blocked and part of the heart muscle dies |
| what are the similarities of the esophageal varices and hemorrhoids? | both are dilated veins |
| Holter monitor | portable EKG to gather heart activity during daily activities |
| what is measured in a lipid profile? | cholesterol and triglycerides |
| CPK | creatine phosphokinase, enzymes released during myocardial infarction |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase, enzymes released during myocardial infarction |
| -ase | enzyme |
| digital subtraction angiography | subtracts background structures to image vessels |
| echocardiography | ultrasound tech. also used to create images of the heart |
| posteroanterior and lateral chest x-rays are used for determining what about the heart? | size and shape |
| Swan-Ganz catheter | used to monitor left ventricular function |
| sphygmomanometer | instrument to measure blood pressure |
| cardiac pacemaker | device that assists the heart to maintain a normal rhythm |
| MIDCAB | minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| commissur/o | connection |
| what does commissurotomy correct? | mithral stenosis |
| what mechanical device when inserted into lower chamber helps a weakened heart? | left ventricular assist device |
| ligation | tying |
| radio frequency catheter ablation | procedure that destroys abnormal electrical pathways in the heart |
| what is sclerotheraphy correct? | varicose veins |
| PACAB | port-access coronary artery bypass, heart is stopped during surgery |
| beta-blockers | drugs that lessen the heart rate and force of the heart beat by decreasing nerve impulses |
| anticoagulants | drug that prevent blood clots |
| calcium channel blockers | drugs that slow the flow of calcium to smooth muscle cells causing arterial relaxation |
| ACE inhibitors | drugs that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2 |
| antiarrhytmic drugs | restores normal sinus rhythm |
| thrombolytics | drugs that dissolve clots |
| antianginals, nitrates | drugs that relax blood vessels and reduce myocardinal oxy.consumption to lessen pain of angina pectoris |
| diuretics | drugs that help the body form and excrete urine, also used to treat hypertension and CHF |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| TDNTG | transdermal nirtoglycerin |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angiopplasty |
| LCA | left coronary artery |
| paroxysmal artial tachycardia | contractions of the upper chambers of the heart |
| stern/o | sternum, breastbone |
| ECG | electrocardiographic |
| hemorrhoids | varicose veins in the rectum |
| spir/o | breathe |
| -atory | pertaining to |
| -ation | process of |
| ex- | out |
| nas/o | nose |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe goes down and splits in two |
| laryng/o | larynx, voicebox |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, hollow tube that starts from behind the nose and and ends at the top of the windpipe |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis, flap of cartilage at the opening to the voicebox |
| mediastin/o | mediastinum, space between the lungs |
| thorac/o | chest |
| steth/o | chest |
| pector/o | chest |
| bronchiol/o | tiny branch of air tubes within the lungs that is a continuation of the bronchus |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchus, large air tube that begins at the end of the windpipe and branches into the lungs |
| alveol/o | alveolus, Small air sacs or cavities in the lung that give the tissue a honeycomb appearance and expand its surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | lung |
| lob/o, lobul/o | lobe, sections in the lungs |
| pleur/o | pleural cavity, one of the two membranes around the lungs |
| viscer/o | viscera, internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest or abdomen |
| pariet/o | wall |
| phren/o | diaphragm,the muscle that separates the chest (thoracic) cavity from the abdomen |
| branchi/o | arm |
| -dynia | pain |
| eu- | good |
| -thorax | chest pleural cavity, membrane surrounding lungs |
| mantoux skin test | test for tuberculosis |
| ABG | arterial blood gases, blood test to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| what test diagnoses cystic fibrosis | sweat test |
| pulmonary angiography | imaging technique that shows the flow of blood through vessels of the lungs |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| RML | right middle lobe |
| PPD | purified protein derivative |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| DOE | dyspena on exertion |
| coni/o | dust |
| epistaxis | bloody nose |
| phon/o | sound |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | abnormal breathing marked by apnea, deep rapid breathing |
| wheezing | whistling sound heard during breathing out |
| sputum | material coughed up from lungs and expectorated through mouth |
| stridor | high-pitched sound from the larynx when breathing in |
| clubbing | blunting of distal phalanges seen in advanced chronic pulmonary disease |
| deviated septum | deflection of the nasal septum that may obstruct the nasal passages and result in infection |
| hyp/ox/ia | deficient oxygen in the tissues |
| rhonchi | rumbling sound heard when breathing in usually caused by thick secretions or contractions of airways |
| myc/o | fungus |
| multi-drug resistant | type of chronic bacterial lung infection resistant to drugs |
| croup | acute viral infection of early childhood marked by stridor |
| TB | tuberculosis, infection of the respiratory system caused by acid-fast bacillus |
| pleurisy | inflammation of one or two of the membranes that surrounds the lungs |
| atel/ectasis | collasped lung or lung segment |
| ausculation and percussion | diagnostic technique that means listening and tapping |
| another term for endoscopy of space between the lungs | mediastinoscopy |
| PFT | plumonary function test |
| patients with hypoxia that need medical assistant can be placed on? | ventillator |
| oxygen administered through the a tube in the nose called? | nasal cannula |
| antitussive | drug to treat severe cough caused by upper respiratory infection and to help sleeping |
| antihistamine | used to treat allergies |
| inhaler | bronchodilators are administered with this |
| CTA | clear to auscultation |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| inspiratory | breathing in |
| effusion | escape of a fluid into a part |
| neur/o | nerve cell that looks like a star |
| somat/o | body |
| -on | structure |
| dendr/o | dendrite, projections from the cell body looks like a tree |
| efferent | carry away |
| afferent | carry toward |
| BBB | blood-brain barrier or bundle branch block |
| -glia | glue |
| astr/o | star |
| micro- | small |
| encephal/o | brain |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum, the main portion of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranial cavity |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum, portion of the brain that is in the back of the head, between the cerebrum and the brain stem |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| cord/o, chord/o, myel/o | spinal cord |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges, The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| rhiz/o, radicul/o | nerve root, point where the nerve attaches to spine |
| dur/o | duro mater, outermost, toughest of the three meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord |
| dermatome | instrument to cut layers of the skin or mesodermal layer in early deveolpment |
| synapse | A specialized junction at which a neural cell (neuron) communicates with a target cell |
| axon | A long fiber of a nerve cell (a neuron) that acts somewhat like a fiber-optic cable carrying outgoing (efferent) messages |
| dysarthria | difficulty with speech |
| dysarthrosis | any disorder of a joint |
| osm/o | sense of smell |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| athetosis | slow, writhing movement of the extremities |
| aura | premonition |
| fasciculation | involuntary contraction of small muscles |
| hypokinesia | decrease in normal movement |
| paresthesia | prickling or burning feeling |
| geus/o | taste |
| gnos/o | knowledge |
| somn/o | sleep |
| phag/o | eat |
| phas/o | speech |
| hematoma | mass of blood that has leaked out of a vessel and pooled |
| -fida | split |
| MS | musculoskeletal system, mithral stenosis, multiple sclerosis |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| para- | abnormal |
| -paresis | slight paralysis |
| di- | two |
| en- | in |
| encephal/o | brain |
| giat assessment rating scale | used to measure walking abnormalities |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis | examination of fluid from the central nervous system |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes is? | lumbar puncture or spinal tap |
| Babinski sign | finding that indicates loss of Achilles tendon reflex |
| multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) | used to diagnose narcolepsy |
| cerebral angiography | x-ray study of of cerebral arteries |
| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | injection of radioactive sugar substance to scan for abnormalities |
| positron emission tomography | use of radionuclides to visulaize brain function |
| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| sympath/o | to feel with |
| rhiz/o | nerve root, spinal nerve root |
| rhizotomy | excision of a dorsal nerve root |
| cord/o | spinal cord |
| nerve block | anesthesia to prevent sensory impulses from reaching the central nervous system |
| CSF stunt | tube in brain to relieve pressure of cerebrospinal fluid |
| C1-C8 | cervical nerves |
| PSG | polysomnography, sleep study |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident, blood vessels in brain ruptures and bleeds into brain |
| dysarthria | slurring of speech after brain attack |
| Alzheimer disease (AD) | the most common cause of dementia, progressive neurodegenerative disease with impairment of cognitive functions |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis aka Lou Gehrig disease |
| quadriplegia | paralysis from the neck down |
| dyslexia | inability or difficulty with reading or writing |
| narco/lepsy | sudden seizures of sleep |
| Huntington disease | inherited disorder resulting in dementia and progressive loss of neural control beginning in adulthood |
| migraine | headache of vascular origin |
| epilepsy | recurring seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of consciousness |
| echoencephalography | sonogram of brain usually only done on newborns |
| brain scan | nuclear medicine to localize and identify intracranial masses |
| computed tomography (CT) | imaging technique to diagnose strokes, edema, tumors |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex, assists in the diagnosis of stroke |
| stereotaxic radiosurgery | uses radiowaves to localize structures with 3-D spaces |
| anticonvulsants | treats epilepsy |
| anesthetics | drugs that cause loss of feeling or sensation |
| hypnotics | drugs that promote sleep |
| analgesics | drugs that relieve pain such as aspirin |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| L1-L5 | lumbar nerves |
| shuffling gait | short steps with minimal flexing and toes dragging |
| nonautoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia | may be drug induced or caused by infectious disease |
| autoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia | caused by body's destruction of its on red blood cells (RBC) by serum antibodies |
| thalassemia | type of anemia inherited by African American, Mediterranean, Southeast Asian |
| sickle-cell anemia | inherited malformation of the red blood cells |
| hemophilia | group of disorders with inherited lack of a factor necessary for blood to clot |
| mononucleosis | disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus |
| lypmhedema | accumulation of lymphatic fluid |
| dyscrasia | blood disorders |
| allergy | hypersensitivity to a normally nonpathogenic substance |
| anaphylaris | extreme allergic response |
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin | test to determine whether patient has anemia |
| coombs antiglobulin test | hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), transfusion reaction |
| septic- | infection |
| diff count | the number of each type of white blood cells |
| prothrombin time | clotting problems are measure with this |
| -crit | to seperate |
| monospot | test for mononucleosis |
| apheresis | separation of blood into components |
| -coagulants | blood clots |
| AZT, efavirenz | antiretroviral drug used to combat AIDS |
| cytotoxic agents | drugs used as antineoplastics or immunosuppressants with cell-damaging properties |
| CBC | complete blood cell count |
| Rh factors | Rhesus factors, a blood group antigen possessed by Rh-positive people |
| purpura | massive hemorrhaging under the skin |
| pyrexia | fever |
| cost/o | muscles, around the ribs |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| rales | sound heard when breathing in |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| ARF | acute respiratory failure, situation causing respiratory system to not work properly |
| CWP | coal workers pneumo/coni/osis, abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
| abscess | pocket of infection, bacteria will eat tissue and leave behind mush |
| RSV | respiratory synctyial virus, usually seen in infants and older people |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome, bird flu example of this |
| papill/o | papilla, finger like projections |
| NSCLC | non-small cell lung cancer |
| hist/o | tissue |
| SCLC | small cell lung cancer |
| respiratory system | breathing and gas exchange |
| peak flow meter | how much movement of air exists |
| somnography | sleep study |
| PPB | positive-pressure breathing, machine is breathing for the patient |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure, keep things open and wings patient off of machine breathing for them |
| rebreathing mask | bag attached to face mask |
| nervous system | conducts message traffic |
| CNS | central nervous system the brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system the cranial and spinal nerves |
| somatic | things body voluntary does you have to think about it |
| terminal fibers | nerves at the end |
| diencephalon | center of the brain |
| cortex | outside of |
| medull/o | medulla, middle of |
| sympathetic | ramp up |
| parasympathetic | relax bring back to normal |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| para/plegia | two parts paralyzed |
| cytoma, blastoma | malignant tumor |
| GARS | gait assessment rating scale, walking |
| LP | lumbar puncture, removing fluid from spine for analysis |
| TENS | trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| HF | heart failure |
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