med term CH 5-8
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| aliment/o | alimentary canal
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| gastrointestinal | system or tract
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| uvul/o | uvula, thing hanging in the back of your throat
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| mandibul/o | jaw
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| LES | lower esophageal sphincter
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| medull/o | medulla, inner portion of the kidney
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| fund/o | fundus, on top of
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| rug/o | rugae
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| duoden/o | duodenum, first part of small intestines
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| jejun/o | jejunum, middle (second part) of small intestines
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| ile/o | illeum, bottom of small intestines (distal part)
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| cec/o | cecum, first part of large instetine
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| sphincter | ring of muscle
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon, S-shaped part of large intestine next to rectum
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| rect/o | rectum
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| an/o | anus, final sphincter in GI tract
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| adnexa | accessory organs
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| bil/i, chol/e | bile
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct, bottom of stomach next to duodenum
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| pancreat/o | pancreas, located next to stomach and gallbladder
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| eructation | belching
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| singultus | hiccup
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| -pepsia | process of digestion
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| halit/o | breath
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| pyr/o | fire
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| -emesis | vomiting
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| N&V | nausea and vomiting
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| -chezia | fecal matter
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| melena | dark stool
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| syndrome | it's there, unknown why
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| flatus | gas
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| lueko/o | white
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| -plakia | top of tongue
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| pyo- | pus
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| -occlusion | blockage
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| -phagia | swallowing
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| GERD | gastroespophageal reflux disease
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| peptic | stomach
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| glycos/o | glucose, sugar
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| fissure | crack
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| abcess | destroyed tissue
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| pruritus | itching
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| ulcer | tissue breaks down and makes hole
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| fistula | breaking down
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| volv/ulus | twisting of the intestines
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| angi/o | blood vessels
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| leio/o | smooth muscle
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| carcinoma | malignant tumor
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| BE | barium enema
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| BaS | barium swallow
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| fluor/o | continual viewing
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| sono | sound
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| culture | trying to grow bacteria
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| para- | near, beside
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| -emetics | vomiting
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| voiding | peeing
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| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney
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| vesic/o, cyst/o | urinary bladder, sac that stores urine
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| trigon/o | trigone, area between ureters coming in and urethra going out in the sac that stores urine
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| cortic/o | cortex, outside
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus, tiny balls of renal capillaries
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| -uria | urinary condition
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| azot/o | nitrogen
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| edema | swelling
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| UTI | urinary tract infection
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| -sepsis | infection
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| -stalsis | contraction
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| mandibul/o | lower jaw
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| maxill/o | upper jaw
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| bol/o | bolus
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| lingu/o | tongue
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| cheil/o labi/o | lips
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| sialaden/o | salivary gland
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| sial/o | saliva
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| corpor/o | body
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| ilium | part of the hip bone
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| ileus | general term for obstruction
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| plic/o | fold
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| vill/o | villus, absorbs products of carbs and protein digestion
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| celi/o | abdomen
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| -cele | herniation
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| lumin/o | tubular cavity
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| enter/o | small intestines
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| pylor/o | muscle between stomach and and first part of small intestines
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| appendic/o | structure hanging from cecum
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| ana- | up, apart
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| lob/o | lobe
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| cholangi/o | bile vessel
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| -kinin | movement
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| -crine | to secrete
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| dental caries | tooth decay
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| aphthous stomatitis | canker sore
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| dental plaque | material that coats teeth
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| malocclusion | abnormal bite
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| leuk/o | white
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| -plakia | condition of patches
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| polyp | growth on mucus membranes
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| paralytic ileus | lack of peristaltic movement in the intestines
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| fistula | abnormal channel that forms between organs or outside of the body
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| intussusception | inward telescoping of the intestines
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| peritone/o | membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
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| perone/o | fibula
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| perine/o | perineum, space between anus and external reproductive organs
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| pruritus ani | itching of skin around the anus
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| Crohn disease | idiopathic inflammation of ileum or colon
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| IBD | Irritable Bowel Disease, erosion of intestinal lining with bleeding and diarrhea
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| divertcul/o | divertculum, pouches in the lining of the small or large intestine
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| anorectal abscess | circumscribed area of purulent material in the distal end of the digestive tract
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| -centesis | removal of fluid
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| lapar/o | abdomen
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| anastomosis | joining of two hollow tubes or organs
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| enema | introduction of solution into the rectum for therapeutic purposes
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| ligation | tying off of a blood vessel
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| -stoma | artificial opening
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| hemi- | half
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| EGD | esophagogastrodudenoscopy
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| GGT | gamma-glutamyl transferase
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| HAV | hepatitis A virus
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| Lap | laparscopy
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| LES | lower esophageal sphincter
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| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| urea | chemical waste product
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| chym/o | juice
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| meat/o | meatus, opening of the urethra
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| strom/o | stromal tissue, supportive tissue
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| retro- | backward
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| calic/o, cal/i | calyx, extension of the muscular tubes that move urine
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| hil/o | hilum, location on the kidney where ureter and renal vein leave kidney and the renal artery enters
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| renal | pertaining to the kidney
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| calc/o | calcium
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| urethr/o | urethra, tube connecting urine out of the bladder
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| pyopyelectasis | dilation of the renal pelvis caused by an accumulation of pus
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| -iasis | presence of
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| corpuscles | any small mass of body
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| vesicoureteral reflux | backward flow of urine from the bladder towards the kidney
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| -cele | herniation
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| blood urea nitrogen | lab test done to measure nitrogenous waste
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| GFR | glomerular filtration rate, test to measure the amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli
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| creatinine clearance test | test comparing the concentration of nitrogenous waste in the urine of 24 hours
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| intravenous urography | radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done with contrast medium
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| calcul/o | stone
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| -pexy | suspension
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| BUN | blood urea nitrogen
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| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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| CKD | chronic kidney disease
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| DI | diabetes insipidus
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease
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| ESWL | extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy
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| GFR | glomerular filtration rate
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| GN | glomerulonephritis
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| HD | hemodialysis
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| IVU | intravenous urography
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, and bladder
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| pH | acidity/alkalinity
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| SG | specific gravity
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| TCC | transitional cell carcinoma
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| UA | urinalysis
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| VCUG | voiding cystourethrography
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| andr/o | male
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| test/o, testicul/o | testicle
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| orchi/o, orchid/o, orch/o | testicle
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| ster/o | steroid
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| -one | substance that forms
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| -genesis | production
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| pen/i, phall/o | penis
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| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| scrot/o | scrotum
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| preputi/o | prepuce (foreskin), outside head area of penis
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| balan/o | glans penis, inside head area of penis
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| phimosis | tightening of the foreskin
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| -spadias | tear
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| testicular torsion | twisting of a testicle on spermatic cord
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| dorsum | top
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| gynec/o | female
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| mast/o | breast
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| gynecomastia | enlargement of breast tissue in a male
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| varic/o | varices, veins of the spermatic cord
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| nonseminoma | majority of germ cell tumors
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| teratoma | synonym is dermoid cyst
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| Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors | benign tumors that arise from testicular stromal tissue
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| DRE | digital rectum exam, insertion of a gloved finger to palpate the prostate
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| FTA-ABS | florescent treponemal antibody absortion test, definitive test for diagnosing syphilis
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| Gram stain | test used to diagnose gonorrhea
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| PSA | prostate-specific antigen, blood test for prostatic hypertrophy
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| VDRL | Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, test for syphilis
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| castration | removal of both gonads
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| ablation | destruction of tissue
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| circumcision | removal of prepuce
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| sterilization | rendering barren
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| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate
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| BPH | benign prosatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy
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| Gc | gonococcus
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| Condyloma | Wartlike growths around the anus, vulva, or glans penis
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| HPV | human papilloma virus, family of more than 100 viruses that are responsible for causing warts
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| GU | genitourinary
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| o/o, ov/o, ov/ie | ovum, female germ cell
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| -arche | beginning
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| -pause | stop, cease
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| hyster/o, uter/o | uterus
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| metri/o, metr/o | uterus
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| salping/o, -salpinx | fallopian tube
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| ovul/o | egg
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| -ation | process of
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| culd/o | rectouterine pouch, space in pelvic cavity between the urterus and rectum
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| Douglas' culd-de-sac | rectouterine pouch, space in pelvic cavity between the urterus and rectum
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| colp/o | vagina
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| cervic/o | the neck of the uterus
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| vulv/o, episi/o | vulva, external female genitalia
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| bartholin/o | Bartholin gland, paired glands in the vulva that secrete a mucous lubricant for the vagina
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| thel/e, papill/o | nipple
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| gravid/o, -gravida, -cyesis | pregnancy
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| fet/o | fetus
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| amni/o, amnion/o, -amnios | amnion, inner sac that encircles the embryo
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| chori/o, chorion/o | chorion, outer sac that encircles the embryo
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| placent/o | placenta, highly vascular structure that acts as a communication between mother and embryo
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| umbilic/o, omphal/o | navel
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| part/o, -para, -partum, -tocia | labor
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| primi- | first
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| nulli- | none
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| an- | without
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| endometri/o | endometrium, inner layer of the uterus
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| -ia | condition of
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| poly- | excessive, many
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| hydr/o | fluid
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| amniocentesis | removal of amniotic fluid for diagnostic testing
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| clitorid/o | clitoris
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| oxy- | rapid
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| EDD | estimated delivery date, baby is due
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| hCG | human chorionic gonaadotropin, pregnancy hormone
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| PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome, multiple cysts on delivery
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| OCP | oral contraceptive pill, birth control medication
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| PMB | postmenopausal bleeding, bleeding after menopause
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| D&C | dilation and curettage, removal of uterine lining
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| TAH-BSO | total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, removal of uterus, oviducts, and ovaries
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