Anatomy of the Urinary System
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| show | to remove nitrogenous wastes from the body
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| show | excretory
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| show | the electrolyte, acid-base, & fluid balances of the blood & is a mj. function of homeostatic organ of the body
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| show | (1) act as a blood "filter" (2) a blood "processor"; allows toxins, metabolic wastes & excess ions to leave the body in the urine while simultaneously retaing needed substances & returning them to the blood
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| malfunction of the urinary system (kindeys) leads to failure in | show 🗑
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| show | paired kidneys & ureters & the urinary bladder & urethra
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| show | storage reservoirs or transportation channels for urine
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| the __ kidney is slightly lower than the ___ kidney | show 🗑
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| what hold the kidneys in a retroperitoneal position? | show 🗑
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| ptosis | show 🗑
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| hilus | show 🗑
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| show | drains the bladder
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| show | triangular region of the bladder which is delineated by three openings (2 ureteral & 1 urethral orifice)
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| name the 3 main regions of the peins | show 🗑
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| show | dual
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| what are they? | show 🗑
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| how long is the urethra in males | show 🗑
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| show | approx. 4cm (1 1/2 inches)
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| show | anterior to the vaginal opeing, the external opening
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| show | nephrons; the anatomical units responsible for forming urine
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| name the 2 major structures in each nephron | show 🗑
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| show | blind-ended tubule that gradually encloses an adjacent capillary cluster, or glomerulus
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| the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is | show 🗑
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| show | podocytes; highly specialized cells
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| what structures do podocytes have? | show 🗑
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| show | renal corpuscle
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| show | the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle (descending & ascending limbs) & the distal convoluted tubule
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| show | cuboidal epithelial cells
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| show | simple squamous epithelium
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| where are cortical nephrons located? | show 🗑
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| show | papillary ducts, they empty the final urinary product into the calyces & pelvis of the kidney
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| name the 2 distinct capillary beds that the capillary vascular supply consists of | show 🗑
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| vessels leading to & from the glomerulus, the 1st capillary bed are both __ | show 🗑
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| the afferent arteriole | show 🗑
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| show | drains the bed
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| show | high
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| show | (1) bed is fed & drained by arterioles (arterioles are high-resistance vessels) (2) the afferent feeder arteriole is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draning the bed
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| the high hydrostatic pressure | show 🗑
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| peritubular capillary bed arises from the | show 🗑
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| what type of pressure is the peritubular capillaries | show 🗑
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| what does this cause? | show 🗑
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| show | vasa recta (straight vessels); parallel to the long loops of Henle in the medulla
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| the glomerulus produces the ___ & the peritubular capillaries __ most of that filtrate | show 🗑
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| show | plays an important role in filtrate formation
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| what does the JGA consist of | show 🗑
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| name the 3 processes that urine results from | show 🗑
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| show | glomerulus
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| what is filtration | show 🗑
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| show | active transport processes & is highly selective
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| during tubular reabosorption | show 🗑
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| show | water, glucose & amino acids
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| show | proximal convoluted tubule
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| tubular secretion | show 🗑
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| show | hydrogen, potassium ions & creatinine
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| show | receives urine via the ureters & discharges it via the urethra, stores it temporarily
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| voiding is also known as | show 🗑
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| show | internal urethral sphincter (superiorly) & the external urethral sphincter (inferiorly located)
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| inferior external sphincter consists of | show 🗑
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