Anatomy of the Urinary System
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| the purpose of the urinary system is | show 🗑
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| this is an ___ function | show 🗑
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| show | the electrolyte, acid-base, & fluid balances of the blood & is a mj. function of homeostatic organ of the body
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| explain the performance functions of the kidneys | show 🗑
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| show | homeostasis; can be fatal
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| what does the urinary system consist of? | show 🗑
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| all other organs besides the kidneys provide temporary | show 🗑
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| show | right kid is slightly lower than the left kid
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| what hold the kidneys in a retroperitoneal position? | show 🗑
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| show | when the kidneys are less securely anchored to the body wall due to reduced or rapid weight loss (very thin individuals); may cause kidneys to drop to a lower position
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| hilus | show 🗑
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| urethra | show 🗑
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| show | triangular region of the bladder which is delineated by three openings (2 ureteral & 1 urethral orifice)
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| show | prostatic, membranous & spongy (penile) urethrae
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| show | dual
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| what are they? | show 🗑
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| how long is the urethra in males | show 🗑
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| show | approx. 4cm (1 1/2 inches)
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| show | anterior to the vaginal opeing, the external opening
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| each kidney contains over a million ___ | show 🗑
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| name the 2 major structures in each nephron | show 🗑
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| the renal tubule in embryologic development begins as a | show 🗑
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| the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is | show 🗑
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| show | podocytes; highly specialized cells
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| show | long, branching processes (foot processes) that interdigitate w. those of other podocytes & cling to the endothelial wall of the glomerular capillaries; forms the porous epithelial membrane surrounding the glomerulus
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| show | renal corpuscle
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| show | the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle (descending & ascending limbs) & the distal convoluted tubule
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| what type of tissue is the wall of the renal tubule composed almost entirely of? | show 🗑
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| the tissue in the loop of Henle is | show 🗑
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| show | within the cortex
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| as the collecting ducts approach the renal pelvis they fuse to form larger ____, (what do these structures do?) | show 🗑
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| name the 2 distinct capillary beds that the capillary vascular supply consists of | show 🗑
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| vessels leading to & from the glomerulus, the 1st capillary bed are both __ | show 🗑
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| the afferent arteriole | show 🗑
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| the efferent arteriole | show 🗑
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| the glomerular capillary bed is __-pressure | show 🗑
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| b.c of this the two major resulting factors are | show 🗑
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| the high hydrostatic pressure | show 🗑
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| show | efferent arteriole draining the glomerulus (clings intimately tot he renal tubule & empties into the interlobular veins that leave the cortex)
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| what type of pressure is the peritubular capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | cery prous capillaries adapted for absorption rather than filteration & redily take up the solutes & water reabsorbed from the filtrate by the tubule cells
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| what are the additional looping vessels that the juxtamedullary nephrons have? what are they parallel to | show 🗑
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| show | filtrate, reclaim
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| show | plays an important role in filtrate formation
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| what does the JGA consist of | show 🗑
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| name the 3 processes that urine results from | show 🗑
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| show | glomerulus
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| show | a passive process in which a portion of the blood passes from the blomerular bed into the glomerular capsule; filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule where tubular reabsorption & secretionb begin
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| reabosprption of most substances depends on | show 🗑
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| during tubular reabosorption | show 🗑
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| name the substaces that are almost entirely reabsorbed from teh filtrate | show 🗑
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| show | proximal convoluted tubule
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| show | the reverse process of tubular reabsorption; important for the disposal of substances not already in the filtrate (drug metabolites) controlling device for blood pH
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| name the substances that move either fm the blood of the peritubular capillaries through the tubular cells or from the tubular cells into the filtrate to be disposed of in the urine | show 🗑
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| show | receives urine via the ureters & discharges it via the urethra, stores it temporarily
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| show | micturition; urine empties from the bladder
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| show | internal urethral sphincter (superiorly) & the external urethral sphincter (inferiorly located)
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| show | skeletal muscle & is voluntarily controlled
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Brina
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