The Eyes & Ears, Ch.12&13
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| ophthalm/o, or ocul/o | eye(s)
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| ophthalmic | pertaining to an eye
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| ophthalmologist | a specialist in the study of the eyes
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| -algia | pain
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| ophthalmalgia | a condition of pain in an eye
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| intraocular | pertaining to within an eye
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| endophthalmitis | inflammation of an eye's inner layer
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| ophthalmorrhagia | a rapid flow of blood from an eye
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| -rrhagia | rapid flow of blood
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| ophthalmopathy | a disease condition of an eye
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| ocular prosthesis | an artificial eye
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| ophthalmoscope | a lighted instrument used to view an eye
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| -orrhea | flow
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| ophthalmoscopy | the process of viewing an eye with a lighted instrument
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| oculomycosis | an abnormal condition of an eye caused by a fungus
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| binocular | pertaining to two (bin-) eyes
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| blephar/o | eyelid(s)
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| blepharitis | inflammation of an eyelid
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| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of an eyelid
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| blepharoptosis | drooping or sagging (prolapse)(-ptosis) of an eyelid
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| conjuctiv/o | conjunctiva(e -plural)mucous membrane lining of an eyelid
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| conjuctivitis | inflammation of a conjunctiva AKA pinkeye
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| scler/o | sclera(e)is the opaque portion of an eye
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| opaque means | light will not pass through it
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| scleritis | inflammation of a sclera
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| sclerotomy | surgical incision of a slera
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| sclerostomy | a new or artificial opening into a sclera
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| corne/o, or kerat/o | cornea(s)
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| A cornea is the | transparent portion of a sclera
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| Transparent means | light will pass through it
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| corneal abrasion | pertaining to a scraped or scratched cornea
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| A corneal abrasion is commonly caused by a | Foreign Body (FB)
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| keratitis | inflammation of a cornea
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| keratoplasty | surgical repair of a cornea
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| sclerokeratitis | inflammation of a sclera and cornea
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| keratometer | an instrument to measure a cornea
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| iri/o, or irid/o | iris(es) are the colored portion of an eye (and is covered by the cornea)
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| iritis | inflammation of an iris
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| iridectomy | excision of section of an iris
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| iridosclerotomy | a surgical incision of an iris and sclera
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| iridoplegia | paralysis of an iris
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| corneoiritis | inflammation of a cornea and iris
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| cor/o, or core/o, or pupill/o | pupil(s)
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| A pupil is an | opening (os, orifice, meatus) in the center of an iris
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| pupillary | pertaining to a pupil
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| pupillometer | an instrument used to measure a pupil
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| leukocoria | a condition of a white pupil
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| The pupils have the ability to enlarge (increase) in size is called | pupillary dilation (low light)
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| The pupils have the ability to decrease in size is called | pupillary constriction (high light)
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| retin/o | retina(e)
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| the function of each retina is to | perceive light
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| photo- | light
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| photoretinitis | inflammation of a retina caused by extreme light
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| retinopathy | disease condition of a retina
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| retinoblastoma | tumor or mass of a retina
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| retinal detachment | separation of a retina from an eye
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| cryoretinopexy | surgical fixation of a retina by freezing
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| cry/o | freezing
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| retinitis pigmentosa | a genetic degeneration of the retinae
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| phac/o | crystalline lens(es)
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| The purpose of each crystalline lens is to | reflect light on the retinae
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| relection means to | bend (focus) light
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| phacocele | herniation of a (crystalline) lens
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| dacry/o or lacrim/o | tear
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| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of a lacrimal (tear) gland
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| lacrimate | to produce tears (cry)
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| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and lacrimal(tear) duct(s)
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| dacryocystorhinostomy | artificial opening between a lacrimal(tear) sac(bladder (cyst/o)) and the nose
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| dacryocystotomy | surgical incision of a (lacrimal) tear sac(bladder)
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| dacryocystitis | inflammation of a (lacrimal) tear sac (bladder)
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| opt/o or -opia | vision
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| optometrist or optician | a specialist in the measurement of vision
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| optic | pertaining to vision
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| optometer | an instrument used to measure vision
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| optomyometer | an instrument to measure the muscles of vision
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| emmetropia (emmetropic) (Em) | normal vision
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| hyperopia (hyperopic) | farsightedness (can see things clearly far away)
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| myopia (myopic) | nearsightedness (can see things clearly near/close up)
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| nyctalopia (nyctalopic) | poor vision at night AKA night blindness
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| presbyopia (presbyopic) | impaired vision as a result of aging
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| diplopia | a condition of double vision
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| strabismus | deviation of the eyes in different directions
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| exotropia (exotropic) | an eye deviates outward AKA "wall-eyed"
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| esotropia (esotropic) | an eye deviates inward AKA "cross-eyed"
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| hypertropia (hypertropic) | an eye deviates upward
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| hypotropia (hypotropic) | an eye deviates downward
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| hyper- | far, up
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| hypo- | down,
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| amblyopia (amblyopic) | poor vision associated with strabismus AKA "lazy eye syndrome"
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| orthoptic training | eye exercises designed to correct strabismus
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| strabotomy | surgical incision of muscle or tendon of an eye to correct strabismus
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| enucleation | surgical removal of an eye
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| photophonia (photophobic) | sensitivity to light
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| orbits | the bony cavities of the cranium (skull) that contains and protects the eyeballs
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| papilledema | swellling and inflammation of an optic nerve indicative of increased IntraCranial Pressure(ICP)
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| nystagmus | an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeballs
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| fluorescein angiography | the process of recording (X-rays) the blood vessels of an eye after IntraVenous(I.V.) injection of a radiopaque dye
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| peripheral vision | lateral vision when looking straight ahead
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| cataract | clouding (opacity) of a lens
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| phacoemulsification | the use of an ultrasonic needle probe to break up and aspirate an opaque lens. http://www.thecoplow.co.uk/cataract/surgery.html
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| glaucoma | abnormally increased IntraOcular Pressure(IOP)
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| Glaucoma can damage the retinae(plural) and lead to | permanent blindness
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| tonometer | an instrument to measure IntraOcular Pressure(IOP)
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| Tonometry is a test for | glaucoma
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| chalazion | obstruction of a sebaceous(oil) gland of an eyelid
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| sty (hordeolum) | infection of a sebaceous(oil) gland of an eyelid
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| Visual Acuity (VA) | the ability of the eye(s) to focus
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| Snellen eye chart | block letters in successive lines of decreasing size used to check visual acuity
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| astigmatism (Ast) | defective curvature of a lens
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| LASIK | Laser Assisted in Situ Keratoplasty (Tx(treatment) for myopia(nearsightedness))
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| PhotoRefractive Keratectomy(PRK) | laser surgery to correct myopia(nearsightedness)
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| Radial Keratotomy(RK) | surgery to correct myopia(nearsightedness)
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| Conductive Keratoplasty (CK) | surgery using radio waves to correct hyperopia(farsightedness)
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| Implantable Collamer Lens(ICL) | prosthetic lens surgically implanted to correct myopia
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| DR | Diabetic Retinoplasty
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| O.D. | right eye or OverDose (D..drive with right hand)
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| O.S. | left eye (S..signal with left hand)
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| O.U. | both eyes
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| PEARRLA | Pupils Equal And Round, React to Light + Accommodation
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| Accommodation means | the ability to focus
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| REM | Rapid Eye Movement
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| REM sleep signals the onset of | dreaming
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| VA | Visual Acuity (ability of the eyes to focus), Veterans Administration
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| VF | Visual Field
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| ot/o, aur/i, aur/o | ear
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| Otitis Media (OM) | inflammation of a middle ear
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| otalgia | a condition of ear pain
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| otomycosis | an abnormal condition of fungus in an ear
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| otitis externa | inflammation of an outer(external) ear
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| otopyorrhea | purulent(pus) discharge(flow) from an ear
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| otoscope | a lighted instrument to view an ear
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| otologist | a specialist in the study of the ears
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| otorhinolaryngologist(ENT) | a specialist in the study of the Ears, Nose, and Throat
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| aural | pertaining to an ear
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| auricle | the outer cartilaginous flap of an ear AKA a pinna
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| myring/o, tympan/o | tympanic membrane AKA eardrum
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| myringitis or tympanitis | inflammation of a tympanic membrane(eardrum)
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| myringotomy | surgical incision of a tympanic membrane(eardrum)
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| tympanorrhexis | rupture(-rrhexis) of a tympanic membrane(eardrum)
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| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of an eardrum(tympanic membrane)
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| tympanometer | an instrument to measure the function of an eardrum(tympanic membrane)
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| tympanometry | the process of measuring the function of an eardrum(tympanic membrane)
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| acous/o, audi/o | hearing
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| acoustic neuroma | tumor or mass of an acoustic(auditory) nerve
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| audiometer or acoumeter | an instrument to measure hearing
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| audiometry | the process of measuring hearing
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| audiogram | a record of hearing
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| audiologist | a specialist in the study of hearing
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| labyrinth/o | labyrinth
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| Each labyrinth is found in the | inner ear and aids in balance & equilibrium
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| labyrinthitis | inflammation of a labyrinth
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| labyrinthectomy | excision of a labyrinth
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| cochle/o | cochlea
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| the function of each cochlea is to | perceive sound vibrations
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| cochlear implant | a prosthetic device designed to treat deafness caused by a dysfunctional cochlea
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| auditory ossicles | 3 bones of the middle ear
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| The names of these Auditory Ossicles are | 1.Malleus(hammer) 2.Incus(anvil) 3.Stapes(stirrup)
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| oval window | where a staples connects to a cochlea
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| Eustachian Tubes | bilateral tibes(ducts, vessels) that connect each middle ear to the pharynx(throat)
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| The purpose of the Eustachian tubes is to | equalize pressure and prevent tympanorrhexis
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| mastoiditis | inflammation of a mastoid bone
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| mastoid bone | a cranial bone located posterior to an external auditory meatus(os, orifice)
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| Each mastoid bone can | transmit(conduct) vibrations to the cochleas to aid in hearing
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| otomastoiditis | inflammation of an ear and mastoid bone
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| mastoidotomy | surgical incision of a mastoid bone
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| mastoidectomy | excision of a mastoid bone
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| ceruminoma | tumor or mass of the glands that secrete cerumen(earwax)
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| anacusis | deafness
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| presbycusis | hearing impairment related to aging
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| decibel | a unit of measurement for the loudness of sound
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| tinnitus | ringing or buzzing of the ear(s)
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| tuning fork | a dignostic instrument to measure hearing
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| conduction impairment | dysfunction of the structures of an ear that effect vibration(conduction) transmission
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| Meniere's disease | a disorder of the labyrinths that leads to progressive loss of hearing, vertigo(dizziness), and tinnitus(ringing in the ears)
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| A.D. | right ear
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| A.S. | left ear
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| A.U. | both ears
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| HOH | Hard Of Hearing
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| PET | Pressure Equalization Tube(s) or Positron Emission Tomography
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