the Endocrine system
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| endocrine | glands that secrete hormones(crine) within(endo)
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| hormones | chemical catalysis
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| catalyst | anything causing a reaction to occur
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| The Endocrine glands include: | 1.Pituitary gland 2.Thyroid gland 3.Parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas
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| Pituitary gland is AKA | hypophysis or "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones
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| The pituitary gland (hypophysis, master gland) is located at the | base of the brain and is the size of a pea
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| Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland include | 1.Growth Hormone(GH) 2.AdrenoCorticoTropic hormone(ACTH) 3.ThyroidStimulatingHormone(TSH) 4.GonadoTropic hormone 5.Prolactin is AKA lactogenic hormone 6.OxyTocin (OT) 7.AntiDiurettic hormone(ADH) 8.Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
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| growth hormone (GH)causes | growth and development of the body
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| AdrenoCorticoTropic (ACTH) | will stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete their hormones AKA steroids
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| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) AKA thyrotropin or T7 | stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormone
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| tropin or tropic means | I come from the pituitary gland
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| Gonadotropic hormone aids in the development of | secondary sexual characteristics
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| female secondary sexual characteristics include | a.Breast development b.Pubic, Body and axillary hair c.Widening of the pelvis for children d.Menses
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| male secondary sexual characteristics include | a.facial, pubic, and body hair b.Lower voice c.Development of the superior(upper) male body musculature
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| Primary sexual characteristics refer to | whether you are Male or Female
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| Prolactin AKA lactogenic hormone stimulates | breast development and Milk production in women
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| OxyTocin (OT) stimulates | uterine contractions during labor
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| synthetic OxyTocin(OT) is called | Pitocin ("pit drip")
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| synthetic means | artificially made
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| Pitocin is used to | induce(start) labor
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| AntiDiuretic Hormone(ADH) stimulates | kidneys to reabsorb water
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| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates | maturation of a follicle into an ovum
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| A follicle is AKA | egg cell (oocyte)
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| A mature oocyte is called an | ovum
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| The thyroid gland is located | adjacent(next) to the larynx(voice box)
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| the thyroid gland is made up of sections called | lobes
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| Hormones secreted by the thyroid include | 1.Thyroxine AKA T3 + T4 2.Calcitonin
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| Thyroxine (T3+T4) has a direct influence on | metabolism
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| Metabolism is the | rate at which the body burns energy
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| A synthetic Thyroxine(T3+T4) is called | Synthroid
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| Calcitonin is a hormone that stimulates the | bones to absorb Calcium(Ca)
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| A synthetic calcitonin is called | Miacalcin
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| Calcitonin is not | Calcium(Ca) but a hormone to absorb calcium(Ca)
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| Parathyroid glands are located | posterior to the thyroid gland
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| The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland is | ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH)
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| ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) stimulates the | bones to release Calcium(Ca) into the bloodstream
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| ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) will be secreted when | blood Calcium(Ca) levels fall
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| A blood condition of deficient Calcium(Ca) is called | hypocalcemia (calcipenia)
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| Blood calcium levels will fall if | a person does not ingest enough daily dietary Calcium(Ca)
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| The recommended daily minimum requirement of Calcium(Ca) is | three/four - 8 ounce glasses of milk or the equivalent every day
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| Food rich in calcium(Ca) include | dairy, broccoli and sardines
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| Homeostasis refers to a | continuous struggle to maintain a metabolic balance in the body
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| The body will try to maintain Calcium(Ca) homeostasis by | releasing ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) if you do not ingest enough daily dietary Calcium(Ca)
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| The ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) will cause the bones to | release Calcium(Ca) into the bloodstream
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| The tissue that has priority for the Calcium(Ca) stored in the bones is | muscle(heart)
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| over time, ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) can cause | osteomalacia and osteoporosis
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| Adrenal glands are located in the | suprarenal areas (above a kidney)
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| Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands include | 1.Cortisal 2.Aldosterone 3.Adrenalin
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| the functions of Cortisol include | a.Aids with the adverse effects of stress b.Aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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| Carbohydrates are necessary for | energy
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| Fats are necessary for | the absorption of certain vitamins
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| Proteins are necessary for | growth and repair
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| Aldosterone is necessary for the | regulation of the body salts
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| The salts of the body are AKA | electrolytes("lytes") a. Sodium(Na) b. Potassium(K) c. Chloride(Cl)
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| Adrenalin is AKA | epinephrine("epi")
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| The secretion of Adrenalin (epinephrine) promotes a | fight or flight response
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| the "fight or flight response" include | a.Tachycardia b.Tachypenia c.Bronchodilation d.Pupil dilation e.Pallor
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| The tachycardia, tachypnea, and bronchodilation aid the body with | increased respiration and delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues
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| the pupils dilate to | increase your Visual Field(VF)
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| Pallor is caused by | shunting (divert or redirect) of blood from the periphery (SKIN) to the major organs and large muscle groups
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| The pancreas is located | retrogastric (posterior(behind) to the stomach)
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| A hormone excreted by the pancreas is | insulin
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| Insulin is necessary for glucose(sugar) to | enter cells (opens the door for glucose(sugar) to be absorbed into the cells)
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| Insulin is released when | Blood Sugar(BS) rises
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| Diabetes Mellitus(DM) | insulin deficiency or insulin resistance
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| A synthetic insulin is called | Humulin
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| cortex | outer
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| adrenocorticohyperplasia | excessive development of an adrenal cortex
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| adrenopathy | disease condition of an adrenal gland
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| endocrinologist | specialist in the study of the endocrine system
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| endocrinopathy | any disease condition of the endocrine system
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| exophthalmic or exophthalmous | abnormal protrusion of the eye balls
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| polydipsia | a condition of excessive thirst
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| dips/o | thirst
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| polyuria | a condition of excessive urination
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| polyphagia | a condition of excessive hunger
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| -phagia | swallowing
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| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of an adrenal gland
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| parathyroidectomy | surgical removal of a parathyroid gland(s)
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| thyroidotomy | surgical incision of the thyroid gland
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| thyroparathyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland(s)
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| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities
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| acro- | extremities
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of an adrenal gland
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| hyperCalcemia | blood condition of excessive Calcium(Ca)
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| hyperglycemia | blood condition of excessive sugar
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| hyperKalemia | blood condition of excessive potassium(K)
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| hypoNatremia | blood condition of deficient sodium(Na)
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| thyroid scan | X-ray of the thyroid using a radioactive contrast
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| Which department will perform thyroid scan | Nuclear medicine
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| Materials that illuminate when exposed to X-rays are called | radiopaque or contrast material
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| thyroid ultrasound | a diagnostic image of the thyroid using sound waves
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| exocrine glands | glands that secrete out
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| exocrine glands include | a. Sebaceous glands which produce sebum(oil) b. Suboriferous glands which produce sweat c. Cerumenous glands which produce cerumen(ear wax) d. Lacrimal glands which produce tears
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| BS | Blood Sugar(glucose)or Bowel Sounds or Breath Sounds
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| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| gt | a drop (singular)
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| gtt | drops(plural)
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| Ca | Calcium or Cancer
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| I | Iodine
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| PBI | Protein Bound Iodine
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| RAIU | RadioActive Iodine Uptake
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| Anytime you see the term IODINE in a test, it will usually refer to the | thyroid gland
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| TFT | Thyroid Function Tests
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| exocrine glands | glands that secrete out
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| exocrine glands include | a. sebaceous glands - produce sebum(oil) b. suboriferous glands - produce sweat c. cerumenous glands - produce cerumen(ear wax) d. lacrimal glands - produce tears
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| BS | blood sugar (glucose) breath sounds bowel sounds
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| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| gt | a drop (singular)
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| gtt | drops (plural)
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| Ca | Calcium or Cancer
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| I | iodine
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| PBI | Protein Bound Iodine
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| RAIU | RadioActive Iodine Uptake
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| Anytime you see iodine in a test, it will usually refer to the | Thyroid Gland
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| TFT | Thyroid Function Tests
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