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Med. lang chpt 16
the Endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine | glands that secrete hormones(crine) within(endo) |
| hormones | chemical catalysis |
| catalyst | anything causing a reaction to occur |
| The Endocrine glands include: | 1.Pituitary gland 2.Thyroid gland 3.Parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas |
| Pituitary gland is AKA | hypophysis or "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones |
| The pituitary gland (hypophysis, master gland) is located at the | base of the brain and is the size of a pea |
| Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland include | 1.Growth Hormone(GH) 2.AdrenoCorticoTropic hormone(ACTH) 3.ThyroidStimulatingHormone(TSH) 4.GonadoTropic hormone 5.Prolactin is AKA lactogenic hormone 6.OxyTocin (OT) 7.AntiDiurettic hormone(ADH) 8.Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH) |
| growth hormone (GH)causes | growth and development of the body |
| AdrenoCorticoTropic (ACTH) | will stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete their hormones AKA steroids |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) AKA thyrotropin or T7 | stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormone |
| tropin or tropic means | I come from the pituitary gland |
| Gonadotropic hormone aids in the development of | secondary sexual characteristics |
| female secondary sexual characteristics include | a.Breast development b.Pubic, Body and axillary hair c.Widening of the pelvis for children d.Menses |
| male secondary sexual characteristics include | a.facial, pubic, and body hair b.Lower voice c.Development of the superior(upper) male body musculature |
| Primary sexual characteristics refer to | whether you are Male or Female |
| Prolactin AKA lactogenic hormone stimulates | breast development and Milk production in women |
| OxyTocin (OT) stimulates | uterine contractions during labor |
| synthetic OxyTocin(OT) is called | Pitocin ("pit drip") |
| synthetic means | artificially made |
| Pitocin is used to | induce(start) labor |
| AntiDiuretic Hormone(ADH) stimulates | kidneys to reabsorb water |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates | maturation of a follicle into an ovum |
| A follicle is AKA | egg cell (oocyte) |
| A mature oocyte is called an | ovum |
| The thyroid gland is located | adjacent(next) to the larynx(voice box) |
| the thyroid gland is made up of sections called | lobes |
| Hormones secreted by the thyroid include | 1.Thyroxine AKA T3 + T4 2.Calcitonin |
| Thyroxine (T3+T4) has a direct influence on | metabolism |
| Metabolism is the | rate at which the body burns energy |
| A synthetic Thyroxine(T3+T4) is called | Synthroid |
| Calcitonin is a hormone that stimulates the | bones to absorb Calcium(Ca) |
| A synthetic calcitonin is called | Miacalcin |
| Calcitonin is not | Calcium(Ca) but a hormone to absorb calcium(Ca) |
| Parathyroid glands are located | posterior to the thyroid gland |
| The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland is | ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) |
| ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) stimulates the | bones to release Calcium(Ca) into the bloodstream |
| ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) will be secreted when | blood Calcium(Ca) levels fall |
| A blood condition of deficient Calcium(Ca) is called | hypocalcemia (calcipenia) |
| Blood calcium levels will fall if | a person does not ingest enough daily dietary Calcium(Ca) |
| The recommended daily minimum requirement of Calcium(Ca) is | three/four - 8 ounce glasses of milk or the equivalent every day |
| Food rich in calcium(Ca) include | dairy, broccoli and sardines |
| Homeostasis refers to a | continuous struggle to maintain a metabolic balance in the body |
| The body will try to maintain Calcium(Ca) homeostasis by | releasing ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) if you do not ingest enough daily dietary Calcium(Ca) |
| The ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) will cause the bones to | release Calcium(Ca) into the bloodstream |
| The tissue that has priority for the Calcium(Ca) stored in the bones is | muscle(heart) |
| over time, ParaThyroid Hormone(PTH) can cause | osteomalacia and osteoporosis |
| Adrenal glands are located in the | suprarenal areas (above a kidney) |
| Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands include | 1.Cortisal 2.Aldosterone 3.Adrenalin |
| the functions of Cortisol include | a.Aids with the adverse effects of stress b.Aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| Carbohydrates are necessary for | energy |
| Fats are necessary for | the absorption of certain vitamins |
| Proteins are necessary for | growth and repair |
| Aldosterone is necessary for the | regulation of the body salts |
| The salts of the body are AKA | electrolytes("lytes") a. Sodium(Na) b. Potassium(K) c. Chloride(Cl) |
| Adrenalin is AKA | epinephrine("epi") |
| The secretion of Adrenalin (epinephrine) promotes a | fight or flight response |
| the "fight or flight response" include | a.Tachycardia b.Tachypenia c.Bronchodilation d.Pupil dilation e.Pallor |
| The tachycardia, tachypnea, and bronchodilation aid the body with | increased respiration and delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues |
| the pupils dilate to | increase your Visual Field(VF) |
| Pallor is caused by | shunting (divert or redirect) of blood from the periphery (SKIN) to the major organs and large muscle groups |
| The pancreas is located | retrogastric (posterior(behind) to the stomach) |
| A hormone excreted by the pancreas is | insulin |
| Insulin is necessary for glucose(sugar) to | enter cells (opens the door for glucose(sugar) to be absorbed into the cells) |
| Insulin is released when | Blood Sugar(BS) rises |
| Diabetes Mellitus(DM) | insulin deficiency or insulin resistance |
| A synthetic insulin is called | Humulin |
| cortex | outer |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | excessive development of an adrenal cortex |
| adrenopathy | disease condition of an adrenal gland |
| endocrinologist | specialist in the study of the endocrine system |
| endocrinopathy | any disease condition of the endocrine system |
| exophthalmic or exophthalmous | abnormal protrusion of the eye balls |
| polydipsia | a condition of excessive thirst |
| dips/o | thirst |
| polyuria | a condition of excessive urination |
| polyphagia | a condition of excessive hunger |
| -phagia | swallowing |
| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of an adrenal gland |
| parathyroidectomy | surgical removal of a parathyroid gland(s) |
| thyroidotomy | surgical incision of the thyroid gland |
| thyroparathyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland(s) |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities |
| acro- | extremities |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of an adrenal gland |
| hyperCalcemia | blood condition of excessive Calcium(Ca) |
| hyperglycemia | blood condition of excessive sugar |
| hyperKalemia | blood condition of excessive potassium(K) |
| hypoNatremia | blood condition of deficient sodium(Na) |
| thyroid scan | X-ray of the thyroid using a radioactive contrast |
| Which department will perform thyroid scan | Nuclear medicine |
| Materials that illuminate when exposed to X-rays are called | radiopaque or contrast material |
| thyroid ultrasound | a diagnostic image of the thyroid using sound waves |
| exocrine glands | glands that secrete out |
| exocrine glands include | a. Sebaceous glands which produce sebum(oil) b. Suboriferous glands which produce sweat c. Cerumenous glands which produce cerumen(ear wax) d. Lacrimal glands which produce tears |
| BS | Blood Sugar(glucose)or Bowel Sounds or Breath Sounds |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| gt | a drop (singular) |
| gtt | drops(plural) |
| Ca | Calcium or Cancer |
| I | Iodine |
| PBI | Protein Bound Iodine |
| RAIU | RadioActive Iodine Uptake |
| Anytime you see the term IODINE in a test, it will usually refer to the | thyroid gland |
| TFT | Thyroid Function Tests |
| exocrine glands | glands that secrete out |
| exocrine glands include | a. sebaceous glands - produce sebum(oil) b. suboriferous glands - produce sweat c. cerumenous glands - produce cerumen(ear wax) d. lacrimal glands - produce tears |
| BS | blood sugar (glucose) breath sounds bowel sounds |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| gt | a drop (singular) |
| gtt | drops (plural) |
| Ca | Calcium or Cancer |
| I | iodine |
| PBI | Protein Bound Iodine |
| RAIU | RadioActive Iodine Uptake |
| Anytime you see iodine in a test, it will usually refer to the | Thyroid Gland |
| TFT | Thyroid Function Tests |
Created by:
pattiluv
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