Neurobiology Test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Presynaptic | show 🗑
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| Postsynaptic | show 🗑
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| synaptic cleft | show 🗑
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| show | connections between two cells in electrical symnapses
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| connexons | show 🗑
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| show | most neuron-neuron; all neuron-muscle
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| show | tested the idea that cells communicate by releasing chemicals; experimented on the vagus nerve through the frog heart.
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| show | 1. Neurotransmitter synthesized and packed into vesicles in the terminal. 2. Action potential through synaptic bouton. 3. Presynaptic terminal depolarized; opens Voltage gated channels. 4. Ca2+ influx. 5. Ca2+ helps vesicles fuse w/membrane.
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| show | 6. Neurotransmitter released. 7. Diffuses across cleft and bind to receptor proteins in PostSyn. 8. Binding leads to channels opening. 9. Resting membrane poten. changes as ions move. 10. NT removed or inactivated from cleft. 11. Vesicle membrane recycled
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| show | 1. Must be present w/in the presynaptic neuron. 2. Must be released in response to presynaptic depolarization and the release must be calcium dependent. 3. Must bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
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| Examples of Neurotransmitters | show 🗑
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| show | AChR is activated and becomes an open channel. K+ out and Na+ influx. Depolarization in post synaptic cell (causes muscle contraction).
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| show | The enzyme that recycles ACh and allows the receptors to close
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| show | Falt & Katz. Caused by random calcium causing a few vesicles to fuse and stimulate the channels to open. Proves vesicle size is uniform at 1 mV--quantal release (packet release)
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| Endplate potential | show 🗑
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| Quantal release | show 🗑
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| Neurotoxins | show 🗑
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| Calcium Influx blockers (vesicle fusion and ACh release) | show 🗑
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| show | botulinum prevents docking, black widow spider venom causes all vesicles to dock and release
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| Block AChR | show 🗑
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| Block AChE | show 🗑
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| show | summation of many cells (recording from many nerves)
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| End plate current (EPC) | show 🗑
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| show | takes cells closer to threshold (all EPP in muscle cells)
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| show | keeps cells from reaching threshold by opening channels to bring - ions (chloride) in
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| Muscle cells | show 🗑
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| Temporal summation | show 🗑
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| Spatial summation | show 🗑
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| show | changeability, amenability
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| show | an increase in the second post-synaptic response (PSP) after closely spaced stimuli due to prolonged calcium levels in the pre-synaptic cell
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| Postsynpatic depression | show 🗑
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| Potentiation | show 🗑
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| show | rapid stimuli that cause tatanic responses/hyper-responses that are together
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| show | the increased EPSP following a distance of time after tetany
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| Habituation | show 🗑
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| sensitization | show 🗑
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| Why sensitization (short term) happens | show 🗑
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| show | Action of CREB
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| show | 1. Environmental stimulus (light, sound, touch, pressure, heat, pain, etc). 2. Sensory transduction changes signal from one energy to electrical. 3. Intensity coding. 4. Sensory analysis. 5. Sensorimotor integration. (6) Motor output
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| show | towards the CNS (sensory)
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| show | away from the CNS (motor)
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| Sensory system | show 🗑
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| show | where cell bodies are located
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| show | where neurons/axons are located
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| show | Stimulus intensity is either positively or negatively correlated to the frequency
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| show | stimulation generates a receptor potential--channels are opened--excitation occurs and depolarization of sensory cell--can become an action potential--mechanical to electrical/chemical
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| sensation | show 🗑
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| mechanoreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | afferent fibers that lack specialized receptor cells
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| show | axon diameter, temporal dynamics, and receptive fields
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| two-point discrimination | show 🗑
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| Rapidly adapting | show 🗑
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| show | useful for providing spatial attributes of the stimulus such as size and shape
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| show | pain receptors--unmyelinated or slow
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| Parallel pathways | show 🗑
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| Haptics | show 🗑
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| Stereognosis | show 🗑
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| Merkel cell afferents | show 🗑
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| Meissnerr afferents | show 🗑
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| Pacinian corpuscles | show 🗑
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| show | slowly adapting fibers, 20%, recognize finger stretches
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| Proprioception | show 🗑
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| muscle spindles | show 🗑
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| show | composed of extrafusal muscle fibers, detect tension in muscles
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| joint receptors | show 🗑
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| Dorsal column | show 🗑
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| Lateral inhibition | show 🗑
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| show | detect changes in temperature (specifically, heat and lack of heat)
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| show 🗑
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Created by:
berge
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