urinary system, chpt 6, and Obstetrics & Neonatology chpt 9
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on it to display the answer.
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| nephr/o, or ren/o | kidney(s)
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| Kidneys are located on each side of the spinal column in the | flank or retroperitoneal region
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| Kidneys are Bilateral organs responsible for | 1. removing NITROGENous (N) waste from the blood 2. Maintaining water balance
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| Examples of Nitrogenous(N) waste include | 1. UREA 2. Uric acid 3. Creatinine
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| Kidneys regulate water balance in the body by regulating the | salts
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| The salts of the body are called | electrolytes ("lytes")
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| Electrolytes ("lytes") include | 1. sodium (Na) 2. potassium (K) 3. chloride (Cl (lower case L)
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| Remember -- where salt goes, water follows which means | if you retain salt, you will retain water
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| Excess fluid can be referred to as | edema (edematous)
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| nephron | a kidney cell
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| nephritis | inflammation of a kidney
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| nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney
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| nephromegaly | enlargement of a kidney
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| nephroptosis | drooping or sagging (prolapse) of a kidney
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| nephroma | tumor of mass of a kidney
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| hydronephrosis | abnormal condition of excess water (fluid, urine) in a kidney (urine can't leave the body)
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| nephrohypertrophy | excessive growth or development of a kidney
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| nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of (a) kidney stone(s)
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| another name for stone is a | calculus (singular) Calculi (plural)
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| nephrogram | record (X-ray) of a kidney
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| nephrography | process of recording (X-ray) a kidney
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| nephrosonography | process of recording a kidney using sound waves
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| nephrostomy | a new or artificial opening into a kidney
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| nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney
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| nephrotomography | process of recording X-ray Picture slices of a kidney
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| nephroscopy | process of viewing a kidney
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| renal | pertaining to a kidney
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| renal biopsy (Bx) | cytology test of a kidney
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| cytology | study of cells
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| renogram | record of a kidney using injectable radioactive contrast material
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| Radioactive Diagnostic Imaging (DI) is performed in | Nuclear Medicine
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| renal transplant (transplantation) | surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace nonfunctioning kidneys
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| ureter/o | ureter(s)
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| The ureters are | bilateral tubes (vessels, ducts) that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (two E's two tubes)
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| ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter
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| ureterostenosis | narrowing (stricture) of a ureter
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| ureterotomy | surgical incision of a ureter
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| ureterectomy | surgical removal (excision) of a ureter
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| ureterolithiasis | abnormal condition of stone(s) in a ureter
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| ureterocele | herniation of a ureter
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| ureterogram | record (X-ray) of a ureter
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| ureterostomy | a new or artificial opening into a ureter
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| cyst/o or vesic/o | urinary bladder
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| The urinary bladder is | an elastic sac that acts as a reservoir (storage container) for urine
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urninary bladder
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| cystolith(s) | stone(s) in the urinary bladder
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| cystectomy | excision of the urinary bladder
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| cystocele | herniation of the urinary bladder
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| cystotomy or vesicotomy | surgical incision of the urinary bladder
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| cystoureterogram | record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a ureter
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| cystolithotomy | surgical incision of the urinary bladder to remove a stone(s)
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| cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone(s) in the urinary bladder
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| cystoplasty | surgical repair of the urinary bladder
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| cystorrhaphy | suturing the urinary bladder
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| cystostomy | a new or artificial opening into the urinary bladder
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| stoma | new or artificial opening
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| cystogram | record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder
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| cystography | process of recording (X-ray) the urinary bladder (using contrast/radiopague
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| cystoscope | a lighted instrument to view the urinary bladder
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| cystoscopy | process of viewing the urinary bladder
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| A renal pelvis is where | a ureter connects to a kidney
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| IntraVenous Pyelogram (IVP) | a record of the renal pelves after injection of a dye within a vein causing the renal pelves (plural) to illuminate when exposed to X-rays
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| pyelitis | inflammation of a renal pelvis (singular)
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of a renal pelvis and a kidney
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| pyelolithotomy | surgical incision of a renal pelvis to remove a stone(s)
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| pyelolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in a renal pelvis
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| pyeloplasty | surgical repair of a renal pelvis
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| pyelostomy | a new or arificial opening into a renal pelvis
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| cystopyelogram | a record (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a renal pelvis
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| cystopyelography | the process of recording (X-ray) of the urinary bladder and a renal pelvis
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| the female urethra is the | vessel (duct, tube) that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral (urinary) meatus (os, orifice) (one E one Tube)
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| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and urinary bladder
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| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| urethrotomy | surgical incision of the urethra
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| urethroscope | a lighted instrument to view the urethra
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| urethrometer | an instrument used to measure the urethra
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| urethrostomy | a new or artificial opening into the urethra
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| cystourethrogram | a record (X-ray) of the urniary bladder and the urethra
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| azot/o | nitrogen(N)
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| azotemia (azotemic) | a blood condition of excessive nitrogenous(N) waste AKA uremia (uremic)
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| urin/o or ur/o | urine
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| urine | fluidic waste produced by the kidneys
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| UrinAlysis (UA) | a chemical analysis of urine
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| urologist | a specialist in the study of the urinary system and the male reproductive system
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| urinal | a calibrated receptacle (container) for urine
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| Calibrated (calibration) refers to a | method of measurement
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| -uria | urine or urination
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| nocturia | a condition of chronic (persistent) night urination
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| noct- | night
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| dysuria | a condition of painful or difficult urination
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| anuria (anuric) | a condition of no urine production
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| hematuria | a condition of blood in the urine
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| bacteriuria | a condition of bacteria in the urine
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| oliguria | a condition of scanty (deficient) urine
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| pyuria | a condtion of pus in the urine
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| Pus primarily consists of | necrosed leukocytes (WBCs)
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| glycosuria | a condition of glucose (sugar) in the urine
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| ketonuria | a condition of ketones (acetone) in the urine
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| albuminuria or proteinuria | a condition of albumin (blood protein) in the urine
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| urinate or urination | the act of discharging (releasing) urine AKA void(ing) or micturition (micturate)
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| urinary frequency | the urge to void at frequent intervals
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| urinary hesitancy | involuntary delay in initiating (starting) micturition
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| urinary retention | accumulation of urine in the urinary bladder due to the inability to urinate
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| urinary urgency | a sudden sensation to void immediately
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| Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) | crushing stone(s) using sound waves from the outside of the body
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| diuresis (diuretic) | increased secretion of urine AKA polyuria (caffenine, alcohol are examples of diuretics)
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| lithotrite | instrument used to crush a stone in the urinary bladder
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| fulguration | destruction of tissue with an electric spark (cauterization)
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| urinary catheter (cath) | flexible tube-like device for withdrawing and instilling fluids
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| indwelling (retention) urinary catheter | a urinary catheter that remains within the patient
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| Foley | a manufacturer of urinary catheters
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| CBI | Continuous Bladder Irrigation
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| The solution commonly used for Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) is | Normal Saline Solution (NSS)
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| straight or non-retention catheter | a urinary catheter that is inserted to obtain a specimen or to empty the urinary bladder and then removed
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| residual urine | urine that remains in the urinary bladder after voiding
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| distended (distention) | stretched out
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| enuresis | involuntary urination AKA urinary incontinence
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| HemoDialysis (HD) | artificial removal of toxins (Nitrogenous (N) waste (poisons) from the blood
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| Another type of dialysis is | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)
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| hypoKalemia | a blood condition of deficient potassium (K)
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| hyperNAtremia | a blood condition of excessive sodium (Na)
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| stricture | abnormal narrowing (stenosis)
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| clean catch (midstream) urine sample | a technique used to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample
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| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen A blood test for kidney function
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| KUB | a non-radiopaque X-ray of the Kidneys, Ureters, and urinary Bladder
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| VCUG | Voiding CystoUrethroGram (VCUG)
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| UTI | Urinary Tract Infection
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| NaCl | sodium chloride (table salt)
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| KCl | potassium(K) chloride(Cl)
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| GU | GenitoUrinary
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| pH | a measure of acidity or alkalinity
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| gravid/o or cyes/o, or cyes/i | pregnancy or gestation
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| Pregnancy or gestation is the | development of a fertilized ovum
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| cyesis | pregnancy (gestation)
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| cyesiology | the study of pregnancy (gestation)
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| pseudocyesis | false pregnancy (gestation)
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| pseudo/o | false
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| salpingocyesis | pregnancy (gestation) occurring in a fallopian tube AKA tubal pregnancy
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| amni/o, or amnion/o | amnion
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| The amnion is the | membranous sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus
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| amniocentesis | surgical puncture of the amnion
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| An amniocentesis is usually performed | after 14 weeks of gestation
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| Amniotic fluid will be aspirated and tested to detect | genetic anomalies (abnormalities)
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| amnioscope | a usually lighted instrument used to view the amnion
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| amnioscopy | process of using a usually lighted instrument to view the amnion
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| amnionitis | inflammation of the amnion
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| amniorrhea | flow (discharge) of amniotic fluid
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| amniorrhexis | rupture of the amnion --- Layperson would say that their "water broke"
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| amniotomy | surgical incision of the amnion --- layperson would say that the doctor "broke my water"
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| An amniotomy is performed to | induce labor
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| fet/o | fetus
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| fetal | pertaining to a fetus
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| fetogram | a record of a fetus AKA sonogram
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| fetometry | the process of measuring a fetus
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| nat/o | birth (parturition)
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| natal | pertaining to birth (parturition)
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| prenatal | pertaining to before birth (parturition)
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| postnatal | pertaining to after birth (parturition)
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| neonatal | pertaining to a New Born(NB) AKA neonate (1st four weeks)
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| par/o, or part/o | birth
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| para | number of births
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| para III | three births
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| primiparous | pertaining to the first birth
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| multiparous (multip) | pertaining to more than one birth
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| nulliparous | pertaining to no births
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| parturition | birth
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| antepartum | pertaining to before birth (parturition)
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| intrapartum | pertaining to within (during)labor and birth (parturition)
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| postpartum | pertaining to after birth (parturition)
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| omphal/o (willy wonka) | umbilical cord (umbilicus)
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| The umbilical cord connects the embryo/fetus to the | placenta
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| The layperson calls the placenta the | afterbirth
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| The placenta is the | connection between the embryonic/fetal blood and maternal (mother) blood
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| omphalitis | inflammation of the umbilical cord
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| omphalocele | congential herniation of the abdominal contents through the umbilicus
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| congenital | acquired during pregnancy (gestation)
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| lacto | milk
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| lactic | pertaining to milk
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| lactogenic | pertaining to the production of milk (lactation)
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| lactorrhea | the flow (discharge) of milk (lactation)
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| viable (viability) | the ability of a fetus to live outside of the uterus
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| dystocia | a condition of difficult labor or delivery (parturition)
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| embryotocia | delivery (parturition) of an embryo AKA "spontaneous abortion" or "miscarriage"
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| abortion | termination of pregnancy (gestation)
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| abruptio placentae (placental abruption) | permature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
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| placenta previa | abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall
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| cleft lip (labia)and/or palate | congenital split of a lip (labia) and/or roof of the oral cavity (palate)
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| A Cleft is a | fissure, crack, or groove
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| palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate
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| labioplasty | surgical repair of a lip (labia)
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| embryogenic | pertaining to the creation of an embryo
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| embryoid | resembling an embryo
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| embryologist | a specialist in the study of embryos
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| gravida | number of pregnancies
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| gravida III para II | three pregnancies and two births
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| gravida II para III | two pregnancies and three births. gravida II para III indicates twins or triplets
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| identical twins | one fertilized ovum splits and the genetic material (DNA) is shared
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| fraternal twins | ovulation of two ova which are fertilized
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| ovulation | expulsion of an ovum from an ovary
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| primigravida | first pregnancy (gestation)
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| multigravida | more than one pregnancy (gestation)
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| nulligravida | no pregnancies
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| gravidopuerperal | pertaining to pregnancy (gestation) and immediately after birth (parturition)
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| effacement | shortening, thinning, and stretching of the vagina during labor
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| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy occuring outside of the uterus
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| pelvimetry | the process of measuring the pelvis
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| breech birth | parturition where the fetus is not in a head-down position
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| lochia | vaginal discharge after birth (parturition)
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| meconium (macaronium) | first stool(black) of the neonate
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| OBstetrics (OB) | medical specialty dealing with gestation, childbrith, and puerperium
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| puerperium | period of time covering 6 weeks after parturition (birth)
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| infant | the offspring from the 5th week to 1 year
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| permature infant | neonate before 37 weeks of gestation (pregnancy)
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| isolette | a transparent container where premature neonates are placed to receive warmth and O2 AKA an incubator
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| kernicterus | a yellowish, orangish, discoloration of the skin in a neonate AKA jaundice
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| Apgar score | an evaluation of a neonate's extrauterine ability at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and includes: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes and color
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| C/S or C-section | Cesarean Section
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| a C-section (C/S) is | delivery of the offspring through an abdominopelvic incision
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| EDD | Estimated Date of Delivery AKA the "due date"
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| RDS | Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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| NICU | Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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| IVF | In Vitro Fertilization
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| In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) refers to | ova fertilized outside of the body and artificially inseminated
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| CVS | Chorionic Villus Sampling
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| CVS (chorionic villus sampling) is a | test to detect fetal genetic anomalies
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| HCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
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| HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a | hormone that can be found in the serum or urine of a pregnant woman
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| EPT | Early Pregnancy Test (detects HCG)
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| IUGR | IntraUterine Growth Rate
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| R/O | Rule Out (vaginal bleeding R/O embryotocia)
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| FEKG | Fetal ElectroCardioGram
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| FHR | Fetal Heart Rate
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| FHT | Fetal Heart Tone
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| FEKG, FHR, and FHT all refer to | fetal monitoring
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|
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